Reassignment of crispatene, isolation and chemical characterization of stachydrine, isolated from the marine mollusk Elysia crispata.

The molluscan genus Elysia Risso, 1818 (Sacoglossa) is composed of shell-less herbivore sea slugs. From these marine organisms, polyketides such as polypropynates have been isolated and showed cytotoxic, antibiotic, and antifungal, and antiviral properties. In this work, we reported the isolation, and structure elucidation of two compounds isolated from marine mollusk E. crispata. Both compounds isolated, crispatene (1) and stachydrine (2), were purified by HPLC. The chemical structure of compound (1) was reassigned through 1D and 2D NMR experiments and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS). On the other hand, this is the first time that compound (2) has been found in this species of mollusk or the marine environment, previously, (2) has only been found in terrestrial plants or bacteria in symbiosis with plants.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of ( - )-13,14-dihydroxy-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-7-one and derivatives from (+)-manool.

13,14-Dihydroxy-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-7-one (1) and a series of ring C aromatic diterpene derivatives were synthesised from (+)-manool (4) and evaluated for their cytotoxic, leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activities. Our results indicated that compound 1 and other podocarpane-type intermediates are cytotoxic. Cleavage of C6-C7 bond of compound 7 improved cytotoxic activity, indicating that, in particular, the 6,7-seco-podocarpane-type compound 20 might serve as a lead compound for further development.

Facile access to optically active ring C aromatic diterpene derivatives from (+)-manool. first synthesis of 13,14-dihydroxy8,11,13-podocarpatrien-7-one.

14,15,17-Trinorlabdan-8,13-dione 6 was efficiently synthesized via ozonolysis of(+)-manool (4) followed by treatment with aqueous NaOH in the presence of tetra-n-butylammonium bromide as catalyst. This protocol has the advantages of high yield, mild conditions and simple procedure. Utilizing this strategy, the first enantiospecific synthesis of 13,14-dihydroxy-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-7-one (1), a constituent of Taiwania cryptomerioides and Celastrus paniculatus, was achieved starting from (+)-manool (4) after a four-step sequence in 24% overall yield.

Bioequivalencia de una dosis de levofloxacina de laboratorios Leti (LL) comprimidos de 500 mg frente a levofloxacina de laboratorios sanofi aventis: tavanic® (LSA) tabletas de 500 mg, administrados en dosis única en voluntarios sanos / Bioequivalence of a dose of levofloxacin Leti laboratories (LL) tablets of 500 mg versus levofloxacin Sanofi Aventis laboratorie: tavanic® (LSA) tablets of 500 mg administered in single dose in healthy volunteers

Evaluar la Bioequivalencia en 12 voluntarios sanos de la Levofloxacina de Laboratorios LETI (LL) comprimidos de 500 mg en dosis única, producto test, con la del producto de referencia: Levofloxacina de Laboratorios SANOFI AVENTIS, Tavanic® (LSA) tabletas de 500 mg. El grupo test recibió un comprimido de Levofloxacina de Laboratorios LETI (LL) de 500 mg, y el grupo de referencia recibió una tableta de Levofloxacina de Laboratorios SANOFI AVENTIS: Tavanic® (LSA) de 500 mg. Terminada esta primera fase de tratamiento, los voluntarios no recibieron medicación por 6 días consecutivos (período de lavado). Luego se procedió al cruce de los tratamientos, los voluntarios del grupo test recibieron la medicación del grupo referencia y viceversa. La extracción de sangre venosa se realizó a la hora 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 6, 8, 14, 18 y 24 horas. Se determinaron los niveles plasmáticos de Levofloxacina de las muestras plasmáticas procedentes del estudio clínico, mediante el método cromatográfico por HPLC desarrollado y validado. Se obtuvo una Cmax de 1253.40+/-562.58 μg/mL para LL vs. 1317.42+/-439.64 μg/mL para LSA, el AUC0-24 fue de 9188.43+/-2406.64 μg/mL/h vs 8780.22+/-2305.99 μg/mL/h; y para el AUC0-∞ el resultado fue de 9933.17+/-2488.52 μg/mL/h vs. 9433.47+/-2399.71 μg/mL/h respectivamente. Las medias y sus intervalos de confianza para la Cmax y el AUC0-24 y AUC0-∞ se mantuvieron en los rangos aceptados para la demostración de bioequivalencia. Ambos productos son bioequivalentes y por lo tanto intercambiables.

To evaluated the bioequivalence in 12 healthy volunteers of the LETI Laboratories Levofloxacin (LL) tablets 500 mg single dose, test product with the product Reference: SANOFI AVENTIS Laboratories Levofloxacin, Tavanic® (LSA) 500 mg tablets. The test group received one tablet of levofloxacin LETI Laboratories (LL) of 500 mg, and the control group received a tablet Levofloxacin SANOFI AVENTIS Laboratories: Tavanic® (LSA) of 500 mg. After this first treatment phase, volunteers received no medication for 6 consecutive days (washout period). Then he proceeded to the crossing of the treatments, the volunteers of the group test group received the medication reference and viceversa. The venous blood collection was performed at time 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 6, 8, 14, 18 and 24 hours. We determined plasma levels of levofloxacin in plasma samples from the clinical study, using HPLC chromatographic method developed and validated. Cmax of 1253.40 + / -562.58 μg/mL for the LL vs. 1317.42 + / -439.64 μg/mL for LSA, the AUC0-24 was 9188.43 + / -2406.64 μg/mL/h vs. 8780.22 + / -2305.99 μg/mL/h, and the AUC0-∞ the result was 9933.17 + / -2488.52 μg/mL/h vs. 9433.47 + / -2399.71 μg/mL/h, respectively. The mean and confidence intervals for Cmax and AUC0-24 and AUC0-∞ were maintained in the range accepted for the demonstration of bioequivalence. Both products are bioequivalent and therefore interchangeable.

Bioequivalencia de una dosis de levofloxacina de laboratorios Leti: proxime® (LL) comprimidos de 500 mg frente a levofloxacina de laboratorios Sanofi Aventis: tavanic® (LSA) tabletas de 500 mg, administrados en dosis única en voluntarios sanos / Bioequivalence of dose of levofloxacin Leti laboratories: proxime® (LL) 500 mg tablets of levofloxacin aganist Sanofi Aventi: tavanic® (LSA) 500 mg tablets given as a single dose in healthy volunteers

Evaluar la Bioequivalencia en 12 voluntarios sanos de la Levofloxacina de Laboratorios LETI: Proxime® (LL) comprimidos de 500 mg en dosis única, producto test, con la del producto de referencia: Levofloxacina de Laboratorios SANOFI AVENTIS, Tavanic® (LSA) tabletas de 500 mg. El grupo test recibió un comprimido de Levofloxacina de Laboratorios LETI: Proxime® (LL) de 500 mg, y el grupo de referencia recibió una tableta de Levofloxacina de Laboratorios SANOFI AVENTIS: Tavanic® (LSA) de 500 mg. Terminada esta primera fase de tratamiento, los voluntarios no recibieron medicación por 6 días consecutivos (período de lavado). Luego se procedió al cruce de los tratamientos, los voluntarios del grupo test recibieron la medicación del grupo referencia y viceversa. La extracción de sangre venosa se realizó a la hora 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 6, 8, 14, 18 y 24 horas. Se determinaron los niveles plasmáticos de Levofloxacina de las muestras plasmáticas procedentes del estudio clínico, mediante el método cromatográfico por HPLC desarrollado y validado. Se obtuvo una Cmax de 1253.40+/-562.58 para la LL vs. 1317.42+/-439.64 para LSA, el AUC 0-24 fue de 9188.43+/-2406.64 vs 8780.22+/-2305.99; y para el AUC 0-∞ el resultado fue de 9933.17+/-2488.52 vs. 9433.47+/-2399.71 respectivamente.Las medias y sus intervalos de confianza para la Cmax yel AUC 0-24 y AUC 0-∞ se mantuvieron en los rangos aceptados para la demostración de bioequivalencia. Ambos productos son bioequivalentes y por lo tanto intercambiables

To evaluated the bioequivalence in 12 healthy volunteers of the LETI Laboratories Levofloxacin: Proxime® (LL) tablets 500 mg single dose, test product with the product Reference: SANOFI AVENTIS Laboratories Levofloxacin, Tavanic® (LSA) 500 mg tablets. The test group received one tablet of levofloxacin LETI Laboratories: Proxime® (LL) of 500 mg, and the control group received a tablet Levofloxacin SANOFI AVENTIS Laboratories: Tavanic® (LSA) of 500 mg. After this first treatment phase, volunteers received no medication for 6 consecutive days (washout period). Then he proceeded to the crossing of the treatments, the volunteers of the group test group received the medication reference and viceversa. The venous blood collection was performed at time 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 6, 8, 14, 18 and 24 hours. We determined plasma levels of levofloxacin in plasma samples from the clinical study, using HPLC chromatographic method developed and validated. Cmax of 1253.40 + / -562.58 for the LL vs. 1317.42 + / -439.64 for LSA, the AUC 0-24 was 9188.43 + / -2406.64 vs. 8780.22 + / -2305.99, and the AUC 0-∞ the result was 9933.17 + / -2488.52 vs. 9433.47 + / -2399.71, respectively. The mean and confidence intervals for Cmax and AUC 0-24 and AUC 0-∞ were maintained in the range accepted for the demonstration of bioequivalence. Both products are bioequivalent and therefore interchangeable

Synthesis and antimalarial activities of optically active labdane-type diterpenes.

An efficient method for the synthesis of optically active labdane-type diterpenes from (+)-manool 8 is described. We prepared the natural labdane-type diterpene 5 via key intermediate peroxide 9, and synthetic hydroxybutenolides 6 and 7 via a furan photosensitised oxygenation reaction of labdafuran (14). Compounds 5, 6, 7 and 9 were evaluated as inhibitors of the beta-haematin formation and globin proteolysis, and then were assayed in a malarial murine model. Compound 9 was the most promising compound, showing a positive correlation between in vitro and in vivo activities.

Photosensitizing properties of Actarit, an antirheumatic drug.

The photobiological properties of 4-acetylaminophenylacetic acid (Actarit, ACT, MS-932, CAS 18699-02-0) were studied using in vitro phototoxicity assays: photohemolysis, photoperoxidation of linoleic acid and Candida sp phototoxicity test. ACT reduced nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) when irradiated with lambda > or = 300 nm in deoxygenated aqueous buffer solution (pH 7.4). The photohemolysis rate and photoperoxidation of linoleic acid were inhibited significantly by reduced glutathione. ACT was phototoxic to Candida sp. The isolation and identification of the photodegradation products of ACT in phosphate buffered saline solution (pH 7.4) and methanol were studied under aerobic conditions. Four compounds were identified and two of them isolated and characterized by spectroscopic methods. A photodecarboxylation with the participation of oxygen via a type I mechanism was proposed for the photodegradation of ACT which undergoes direct electron transfer from the excited state of ACT carboxylate and homolytic rupture of the alpha-carbon bond. A photodynamic mechanism involving radicals and electron transfer reactions was suggested for the observed in vitro phototoxicity.

Facile access to optically active labdane-type diterpenes from (+)-manool. Synthesis of (+)-coronarin E, (+)-15,16-epoxy-8(17),13(16),14-labdatriene, and (+)-labda-8(17),13(Z)-diene-15,16-diol.

An efficient method for the synthesis of (+)-coronarin E (1), (+)-15,16-epoxy-8(17),13(16),14-labdatriene (2), and (+)-labda-8(17),13(Z)-diene-15,16-diol (3) from (+)-manool is described.