Stratification of Tear Components During Tear Microdesiccation on Vertical Glass Surfaces: A Novel Approach in Tear Fluid Assessment.

PURPOSE: Tear desiccation on a horizontal glass surface followed by low-resolution light microscopy has been used as an expeditious diagnostic aid to evaluate patients suspected of dry eye. The presence of fern-like crystalloids in the dry specimen is the only feature taken into consideration. We demonstrate that different morphological domains of tear microdesiccates can be separated based on distinctive physicochemical properties. METHODS: Healthy subjects (Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire, laboratory tests, and slit-lamp examination) and 74 young adults from a random student population were recruited as volunteer tear donors. Single tear samples were taken from individual eyes (n = 154) using absorbing polyurethane minisponges. From each sample, aliquots were allowed to desiccate simultaneously on microscope slides positioned either horizontally or vertically followed by comparative dark-field microscopy. RESULTS: Vertical desiccation of each tear sample resulted in highly reproducible top-to-bottom stratification. Particular layers in any vertical microdesiccate represented morphological domains of the corresponding horizontal microdesiccate. Major fern-like crystalloids located at the center of Rolando type I horizontal microdesiccates became concentrated in a prominent layer at the bottom of vertical microdesiccates. Often, these fern-like crystalloids were more vigorous than those of the horizontal counterpart. A number of tear samples from the random population showed no ability to form fern-like crystalloids either by vertical or horizontal microdesiccation. Other prominent layers in vertical microdesiccates represented less noticeable circularly distributed morphological domains of the corresponding horizontal specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Microdesiccation of tear fluid on a vertical glass surface causes top-to-bottom stratification of diverse tear components. A more comprehensive expeditious tear assessment is feasible.

Rasgos oclusales y autopercepción de la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico en escolares peruanos / Occlusal traits and self perception of the need for orthodontic treatment in peruvian school children

Determinar la necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico, mediante el componente de salud dental (CSD) y componente estético (CE) del índice de necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico (INTO) y determinar los niveles de necesidad de tratamiento, según sexo y edad en escolares de secundaria. Materiales y métodos. Doscientos diez (105 mujeres y 105 hombres) escolares de 12 a 16 años de edad fueron aleatoriamente seleccionados y evaluados mediante el CSD y CE del INTO, que fue obtenido por un examen clínico directo y entrevistas. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva y pruebas de chi cuadrado (x2) y kappa de Cohen para el análisis de datos, con significación estadística e intervalo de confianza de α ≤ 0,05 y 95%, respectivamente. Resultados. El porcentaje de los grados 4-5 del CSD en escolares fue de 73,33% (necesidad definitiva de tratamiento), mientras que en los escolares con grados 8-10 del CE fue de 2,4% (autopercepción de la necesidad definitiva de tratamiento). Se halló diferencias significativas en el CSD según sexo y edad, como también para el CE según sexo pero no respecto a edad. Conclusiones. Existe gran necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico según el CSD a diferencia del CE que presenta un nivel muy bajo...

To determine the need for orthodontic treatment, using the Dental Health Component (DHC) and Aesthetic Component (AC) of the Index of Need for Orthodontic Treatment (INOT) and to determine the levels of need for treatment, by sex and age in secondary school children. Materials and methods. 210 (105 women and 105 men) school children with an average age of 12-16 years were randomly selected and evaluated by the DHS and AC of the INOT, which was obtained by direct clinical examination and interviews. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square (x2) and CohenÆs Kappa for data analysis, statistical significance and confidence interval α ≤ 0, 05 and 95% respectively were used. Results. The percentage of grades 4-5 of DHS in school children was 73, 33% (definite need for treatment), while the percentage of school children with grades 8-10 AC was 2, 4% (self-perceived need final treatment). Significant differences in the DHS was found by sex and age, as for the AC by sex but not for age. Conclusions. There is a great need for orthodontic treatment according to AC unlike to DHC which presents a low level...