Insuficiencia cardiaca la epidemia en el medio rural: características y manejo en un centro de salud rural de Albacete / Heart failure the epidemic in the rural area: characteristics andmanagement in a rural health center of Albacete

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVO: El adecuado manejo en los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca crónica (ICC) reduce su morbimortalidad y por tanto el número de reingresos hospitalarios. Numerosos estudios informan sobre su manejo en el ámbito hospitalario, mientras que en atención primaria son escasos. El objetivo es evaluar el grado de adecuación a la guía clínica de la Sociedad Europea de Cardiología en la ICC en los pacientes de atención primaria. MÉTODOS: Diseño observacional descriptivo, de manejo, de utilización de medicamentos, tipo indicación-prescripción. Población y muestra: equipos de atención primaria de la zona básica de Casas Ibañez (Albacete). La población de estudio está formada por los pacientes con un diagnóstico de insuficiencia cardíaca crónica en grado II-IV de la New York Heart Association (NYHA), de un registro de 224 con insuficiencia cardíaca crónica, pertenecientes a 10 médicos de atención primaria. Se seleccionaron todos los pacientes diagnosticados de Insuficiencia Cardiaca Crónica 223 enfermos con afijación al estratos rural. Mediciones principales: se evalúa la adherencia a los fármacos recomendados en la guía clínica mediante 2 indicadores, uno global y otro para fármacos con mayor grado de evidencia (A1: inhibidores de la enzima conversora de angiotensina/antagonistas de los receptores de angiotensina II [IECA/ARA-II], beta-bloqueantes [BB] y espironolactona). RESULTADOS: Se estudian 223 enfermos, con una edad promedio de 78,4 años, de los cuales son mujeres el 53,1%. La hipertensión arterial (HTA) y la isquemia cardíaca causan el 64,7%. La comorbilidad promedio, excluyendo la ICC, fue de 2,9. El 40,4% están en grado III-IV de la NYHA. El Índice de Adherencia Global (diuréticos, IECA/ARA-II, beta-bloqueantes, espironolactona, digoxina y anticoagulantes orales) y el de Adherencia a la Evidencia A1 (IECA/ARA-II, BB y espironolactona) fueron del 55,2 y del 44,6%, respectivamente. El 39,5% tiene una baja adherencia, solo el 12,9% de los pacientes exhiben una perfecta adherencia a los medicamentos con el mejor grado de evidencia, mientras que tener menos de 70 años, los antecedentes de isquemia, HTA e ingreso hospitalario son variables asociadas a mejor adherencia. CONCLUSIÓN: Existe una infrautilización de medicamentos recomendados por la guía clínica para la insuficiencia cardíaca, sobre todo de aquellos con mejores evidencias para reducir la morbimortalidad

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Proper management in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients reduces their morbidity as well as the mortality and therefore the number of hospital readmissions. Numerous studies report about their management in the hospital setting, while in primary care they are scarce. The objective is to evaluate the application of European Society of Cardiology clinical guidelines in the chronic heart failure patients in primary care setting. METHODS: Observational descriptive design focusing on management, use of medications and indication-prescription. Population and sample: Primary care teams in the area of ​​Casas Ibañez (Albacete). The study population consists of patients with chronic heart failure diagnosis classes from II to V according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA). Data were collected from a registry of 224 patients with chronic heart failure belonging to 10 primary care physicians. All patients diagnosed with Chronic Heart Failure (223 patients) belonging to the rural strata were selected. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: adherence to the drugs recommended in the clinical guideline is evaluated using 2 indicators, one global and the other for drugs with a higher degree of evidence (A1: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors / angiotensin II receptor blockers [ACE Inhibitors/ ARBs], Beta-blockers [BB] and spironolactone). RESULTS: 223 patients are studied, with an average age of 78.4 years, of which 53.1% are women. Arterial hypertension (AHT) and cardiac ischemia cause 64.7%. The average comorbidity, excluding CHF, was 2.9. 40.4% were class III-IV of the NYHA. The Global Adherence Index (diuretics, ACE Inhibitors / ARBs, Beta-blockers, spironolactone, digoxin and oral anticoagulants) and the Adherence to Evidence A1 (ACE Inhibitors / ARBs, β-blockers and spironolactone) were 55.2 and of 44.6% respectively. Only 12.9% of patients showed perfect adherence to medications with the higher degree of evidence while 39.5% had low adherence. Having less than 70 years, the history of ischemic heart diseases, AHT and hospital admissions are variables associated with better adhesion. CONCLUSION: There is an underutilization of medications recommended by the clinical guideline for congestive heart failure management, especially those with better evidence to reduce morbidity and mortality

Análisis comparativo del manejo de la insuficiencia cardiaca en 2medios diferentes: rural versus urbano. (Estudio ALBAPIC) / Comparative analysis of heart failure management in two different media rural versus urban. (ALBAPIC Study)

OBJETIVO: Conocer las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y terapéuticas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de IC atendidos en atención primaria de 2 zonas de salud de Albacete, Zona 5 A (características de centro urbano) y Casas Ibáñez (características de centro rural), así como destacar las principales diferencias entre ambos. MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo y transversal, correspondiente a la primera fase del estudio ALBAPIC. Se han registrado a todos los pacientes de la zona desde el 1 de enero del 2018 hasta el 30 de junio del 2019 que cumplieran el criterio de inclusión: tener diagnóstico de IC en el programa TURRIANO (programa de consulta clínica en Atención Primaria de Castilla-La Mancha). Se registraron las características demográfico-antropométricas y clínicas, los datos analíticos, las exploraciones diagnósticas complementarias, las pautas terapéuticas y las hospitalizaciones durante 12 meses previos a la inclusión. Se realizaron una exploración física y controles electrocardiográficos y bioquímicos en la visita de inclusión. RESULTADOS: Han participado 384 pacientes diagnosticados de IC en ambas zonas de salud (161 en zona urbana y 223 en la rural). Edad media ± desviación estándar 82,24 ± 10,51 años (81,24 ± 9,59 años en zona urbana y 83,37 ± 11 años en rural, con diferencias significativas, p < 0,005. Son mujeres un 54,3% (54% en zona urbana y 54,7% rural). Tenemos una incidencia de IC del 1% en medio urbano y del 1,8% en medio rural. En relación con la prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular, tenemos que la hipertensión sobre todo y las dislipidemias son los más frecuentes, existiendo diferencias según el medio en el que viven. En el medio rural hay mayores tasas de cardiopatías (principalmente isquémicas y por valvulopatía). Los pacientes con IC tienen número alto de enfermedades crónicas concomitantes, siendo entre 4 y 6 más del 60 % de los casos en el medio urbano y entre 1 y 4 en el medio rural. Aproximadamente, un 14% tiene también una enfermedad oncológica en el medio urbano frente a un 21% en el rural. Según los datos de exploración y analítica, las principales variables se encuentran aceptablemente controladas, estando peor controlados los parámetros lipídicos en el centro rural. La media de fármacos prescritos por cada paciente fue de 6,3 en rural y 7,2 urbano. En cuanto a los tratamientos que están tomando se observa que los diuréticos y las estatinas son los más utilizados tanto en el medio rural como urbano. CONCLUSIONES: Existe un aceptable control de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en ambos medios, existiendo diferencias en cuanto a los métodos diagnósticos y tratamientos utilizados

OBJECTIVE: To know the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of patients with a diagnosis of HF treated in primary care of 2 Health Areas of Albacete, Zone 5 A (characteristics of the Urban Center) and Casas Ibañez (characteristics of the Rural Center) as well as to highlight The main differences between the two. METHOD: Descriptive and cross-sectional study, corresponding to the first phase of the ALBAPIC study. All patients in the area who met the inclusion criteria have been registered: Having a diagnosis of HF in the TURRIANO program (consultation program in Primary Care of Castilla la Mancha). Demographic-anthropometric and clinical characteristics, analytical data, complementary diagnostic examinations, therapeutic guidelines and hospitalizations were recorded for 12 months prior to inclusion. A physical examination and electrocardiographic and biochemical controls were performed at the inclusion visit. RESULTS: 384 patients diagnosed with HF in both Health Zone (161 in urban areas and 223 in rural areas) have participated. Average age 82.24 ± 10.51 years (81.24 ± 9.59 years in urban areas and 83.37 ± 11 years in rural areas with significant differences P < .005, 54.3% are women (54% in urban areas and 54.7% in rural areas) We have an incidence of CI of 1% in urban areas and 1.8% in rural areas. The prevalence of CVRF has that hypertension above all and dyslipidemia are the most frequent, with differences depending on the environment in which they live. In the rural environment there are higher rates of heart disease. Patients with HF have a high number of concomitant chronic diseases, being between 4 and 6 more than 60% of cases in the urban environment and between 1 and 4 in the rural environment. Approximately 14% also have an oncological disease in the urban environment compared to 21% in the rural. According to the exploration and analytical data, the main variables are acceptably controlled, the lipid parameters in the rural center being worse controlled. The average number of drugs prescribed by each patient was 6.3 in rural and 7.2 urban. As for the treatments they are taking, it is observed that diuretics and statins. CONCLUSIONS: There is an acceptable control of cardiovascular risk factors in both media, there being differences in the diagnostic methods and treatments used

Comparative analysis of heart failure management in two different media rural versus urban. (ALBAPIC Study). / Análisis comparativo del manejo de la insuficiencia cardiaca en 2medios diferentes: rural versus urbano. (Estudio ALBAPIC).

OBJECTIVE: To know the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of patients with a diagnosis of HF treated in primary care of 2Health Areas of Albacete, Zone 5 A (characteristics of the Urban Center) and Casas Ibañez (characteristics of the Rural Center) as well as to highlight The main differences between the two. METHOD: Descriptive and cross-sectional study, corresponding to the first phase of the ALBAPIC study. All patients in the area who met the inclusion criteria have been registered: Having a diagnosis of HF in the TURRIANO program (consultation program in Primary Care of Castilla la Mancha). Demographic-anthropometric and clinical characteristics, analytical data, complementary diagnostic examinations, therapeutic guidelines and hospitalizations were recorded for 12 months prior to inclusion. A physical examination and electrocardiographic and biochemical controls were performed at the inclusion visit. RESULTS: 384 patients diagnosed with HF in both Health Zone (161 in urban areas and 223 in rural areas) have participated. Average age 82.24±10.51 years (81.24±9.59 years in urban areas and 83.37±11 years in rural areas with significant differences P<.005, 54.3% are women (54% in urban areas and 54.7% in rural areas) We have an incidence of CI of 1% in urban areas and 1.8% in rural areas. The prevalence of CVRF has that hypertension above all and dyslipidemia are the most frequent, with differences depending on the environment in which they live. In the rural environment there are higher rates of heart disease. Patients with HF have a high number of concomitant chronic diseases, being between 4 and 6 more than 60% of cases in the urban environment and between 1 and 4 in the rural environment. Approximately 14% also have an oncological disease in the urban environment compared to 21% in the rural. According to the exploration and analytical data, the main variables are acceptably controlled, the lipid parameters in the rural center being worse controlled. The average number of drugs prescribed by each patient was 6.3 in rural and 7.2 urban. As for the treatments they are taking, it is observed that diuretics and statins. CONCLUSIONS: There is an acceptable control of cardiovascular risk factors in both media, there being differences in the diagnostic methods and treatments used.

Riesgo de la obesidad en pacientes con Insuficiencia Cardiaca / Risk of obesity in patients with Heart Failure

OBJETIVO: Analizar la relación del Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) con la Insuficiencia cardiaca en un área de salud. MÉTODO: Estudio descriptivo observacional de los 161 pacientes que habían sido diagnosticados en el Area de Salud entre Enero de 2014 y diciembre de 2016. Entre otros datos demográficos, clínicos, y analíticos, se analizó el IMC a partir del peso y la talla en la primera visita a la unidad, mediante la fórmula: peso (en kilogramos) / cuadrado de la talla (en metros). Una vez obtenido se evaluó la relación entre el IMC y la supervivencia a 2 años. Se analizó a 4 subgrupos de pacientes, en función de su IMC, a partir de los criterios definidos por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en 1999 (Technical Report Series, n.o 854; Ginebra: 1999): bajo peso (IMC < 20,5), peso normal (IMC de 20,5 a < 25,5), sobrepeso (IMC de 25,5 a < 30) y obesidad (IMC ≥ 30). El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS® 24.0 para Windows. La asociación entre el IMC como variable continua y la mortalidad a 2 años. RESULTADOS: De los participantes 81 eran obesos (50,8%), siendo 33 hombres y 48 mujeres. La edad media de los obesos es de 80,32 +/-9,23 años. Las principales causas de Insuficiencia Cardiaca en un 62,2% tenían diagnosticado algún tipo de cardiopatía, siendo: 29,2% Cardiopatía Isquémica, 46,6% Arritmias cardiacas y 20,5% Valvulopatías. El IMC como variable continua se asoció de forma significativa con la mortalidad (p < 0,001), la edad (0,002), la enfermedad isquémica (0,001), sexo (0,004), HTA (0,002), Diabetes (0,003) y dislipemia (0,004). También se ha visto relación del IMC con el uso de tratamientos Digoxina, Diuréticos de Asa y Espironolactona a mayor IMC más utilización. EL IMC también está asociada con el número de ingresos, mayor número de enfermedades crónicas concomitantes y mortalidad. Las puntuaciones obtenidas en el cuestionario de calidad de vida MLWHFQ en la visita inicial; los pacientes con bajo peso fueron los que mayor puntuación obtuvieron, que corresponde a una peor calidad de vida. No hubo diferencias significativas entre las puntuaciones obtenidas por los pacientes de peso normal, con sobrepeso y obesos, si bien éstos mostraron cierta tendencia a obtener puntuación más alta. CONCLUSIONES: El IMC empeora la mortalidad, la enfermedad isquémica, el sexo, la HTA, diabetes y dislipemia en pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship of the Body Mass Index (BMI) with heart failure in a health area. METHOD: Observational descriptive study of the 161 patients who had been diagnosed in the Health Area between January 2014 and December 2016. Among other demographic, clinical and analytical data, the BMI was analyzed based on weight and height at the first visit to the unit, using the formula: weight (in kilograms) / square of height (in meters). Once obtained, the relationship between BMI and 2-year survival was evaluated. Four subgroups of patients were analyzed, based on their BMI, based on the criteria defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1999 (Technical Report Series, No. 854, Geneva: 1999): low weight (BMI < 20.5), normal weight (BMI of 20.5 to <25.5), overweight (BMI of 25.5 to <30) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30). Statistical analysis was carried out using the statistical package SPSS® 24.0 for Windows. The association between BMI as a continuous variable and 2-year mortality. RESULTS: Of the participants, 81 were obese (50.8%), being 33 men and 48 women. The average age of the obese is 80.32 +/- 9.23 years. The main causes of heart failure in 62.2% had diagnosed some type of heart disease, being: 29.2% Ischemic heart disease, 46.6% cardiac arrhythmias and 20.5% valvulopathies. BMI as a continuous variable was significantly associated with mortality (p <0.001), age (0.002), ischemic disease (0.001), gender (0.004), hypertension (0.002), diabetes (0.003) and dyslipidemia (0.004). ). The relation of BMI with the use of Digoxin, Asa Diuretics and Spironolactone treatments has also been seen with higher BMI plus utilization. BMI is also associated with the number of admissions, greater number of concomitant chronic diseases and mortality. The scores obtained in the MLWHFQ quality of life questionnaire at the initial visit; the patients with low weight were those who obtained the highest score, which corresponds to a worse quality of life. There were no significant differences between the scores obtained by patients of normal weight, overweight and obese, although these showed a tendency to obtain a higher score. CONCLUSIONS: BMI has been shown to be associated with mortality, ischemic disease, sex, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia in patients with heart failure

Calidad asistencial en el manejo de la insuficiencia cardiaca en una zona básica de salud / Quality care in the management of heart failure in a health area

Objetivo: Análisis de situación de la insuficiencia cardiaca en una zona de salud y evaluación de criterios de calidad. Método: Estudio observacional transversal de los pacientes diagnosticados de insuficiencia cardiaca mediante historia clínica en el programa informático «Turriano». Se analizan las variables: comorbilidades, control de factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV), tratamientos, número de enfermedades crónicas e ingresos. También se analiza el grado de adherencia terapéutica para fármacos en relación con la insuficiencia cardiaca mediante la determinación del cociente entre el porcentaje de fármacos prescritos y el de fármacos retirados de farmacia, según el programa de prescripción de Turriano. El estudio consiste en un ciclo de mejora o ciclo evaluativo, siguiendo la metodología propuesta por Palmer para evaluar la calidad de la asistencia ambulatoria. Resultados: Se incluyó a 161 pacientes, con una edad media de 81,24 años; un 54,6% eran mujeres. Las dolencias asociadas eran hipertensión arterial (95%), diabetes (42,2%), dislipidemias (8,9%), obesidad (49,1%) y neoplasias (13,7%). Un 62,2% tenían diagnosticado algún tipo de cardiopatía: el 29,2% cardiopatía isquémica, el 46,6% arritmias cardiacas y el 20,5% valvulopatías. Mas del 60% tenían entre 4 y 6 enfermedades concomitantes. En cuanto a los FRCV, se observa un aceptable control. Un 70% tomaban tratamiento de diuréticos, un 32 y un 35% inhibidores de la enzima conversora de la angiotensina y antagonistas del receptor de la angiotensina II. Más del 20% han tenido 1-2 ingresos en el último año, con descompensación cardiaca como principal causa. Hubo un 16% de mortalidad. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca tienen importante número de enfermedades crónicas concomitantes, si bien hay un aceptable control de los FRCV

Objective: To analyse the heart failure situation in a health area, as well quality criteria. Method: Cross-sectional observational study of patients diagnosed with heart failure by collecting data from their clinical history in the «Turriano» computer program. The variables analysed were, comorbidities, control of cardiovascular risk factors, treatments, number of chronic diseases, and admissions. The level of adherence to drugs in relation to heart failure by determining the ratio between the percentage of prescribed drugs and drugs withdrawn from pharmacy is also analysed using the Turriano prescription program. The study consisted of an improvement cycle or evaluative cycle, following the methodology proposed by Palmer to evaluate the quality of ambulatory care. Results: A total of 161 patients were included, with a mean age of 81.24 years, and 54.6% were women. Almost all of them (95%) had disease associated high blood pressure, including diabetes 42.2%, dyslipidaemia 8.9%, obesity 49.1%, and cancer 13.7% Some type of heart disease was diagnosed in 62.2% of patients with 29.2% ischaemic heart disease, 46.6% cardiac arrhythmias, and 20.5% valve diseases. More than 60% had between 4 and 6 concomitant diseases. An acceptable control is observed as regards the cardiovascular risk factors. Diuretic treatment was taken by 70%, with 32% and 35% taking angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. More than 20% have had 1-2 admissions in the last year, with cardiac decompensation being the main cause. There was 16% mortality. Conclusions: Patients with heart failure have a significant number of chronic concomitant diseases, although there is an acceptable cardiovascular risk factors control. There are quality criteria that can be improved

Quality care in the management of heart failure in a health area. / Calidad asistencial en el manejo de la insuficiencia cardiaca en una zona básica de salud.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the heart failure situation in a health area, as well quality criteria. METHOD: Cross-sectional observational study of patients diagnosed with heart failure by collecting data from their clinical history in the «Turriano¼ computer program. The variables analysed were, comorbidities, control of cardiovascular risk factors, treatments, number of chronic diseases, and admissions. The level of adherence to drugs in relation to heart failure by determining the ratio between the percentage of prescribed drugs and drugs withdrawn from pharmacy is also analysed using the Turriano prescription program. The study consisted of an improvement cycle or evaluative cycle, following the methodology proposed by Palmer to evaluate the quality of ambulatory care. RESULTS: A total of 161 patients were included, with a mean age of 81.24 years, and 54.6% were women. Almost all of them (95%) had disease associated high blood pressure, including diabetes 42.2%, dyslipidaemia 8.9%, obesity 49.1%, and cancer 13.7% Some type of heart disease was diagnosed in 62.2% of patients with 29.2% ischaemic heart disease, 46.6% cardiac arrhythmias, and 20.5% valve diseases. More than 60% had between 4 and 6 concomitant diseases. An acceptable control is observed as regards the cardiovascular risk factors. Diuretic treatment was taken by 70%, with 32% and 35% taking angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. More than 20% have had 1-2 admissions in the last year, with cardiac decompensation being the main cause. There was 16% mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with heart failure have a significant number of chronic concomitant diseases, although there is an acceptable cardiovascular risk factors control. There are quality criteria that can be improved.