Mujeres violentadas durante el embarazo y el parto: experiencias de parteras en Jalisco, México / Abused women during pregnacy and childbirth : experience from midwives in Jalisco, Mexico

OBJETIVO: explorar la experiencia y perspectiva de parteras con mujeres violentadas durante el embarazo y el parto en Jalisco, México. METODOLOGIA: se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo en zona rural de Jalisco, México, entre mayo y octubre de 2011 con 24 parteras, utilizando la entrevista individual, modalidad historia de vida pautada y la asamblea participativa regional como técnicas de indagación; posteriormente, los discursos fueron analizados bajo el modelo actancial semiótico. RESULTADOS : familiaridad de las parteras con la violencia hacia la mujer durante el embarazo y el parto, atribuida principalmente a aspectos de género y ruralidad; señalan al binomio violencia-embarazo como factor de riesgo para presentar problemas obstétricos, siendo la violencia física la que más encuentran y a la pareja como principal agresor. Resalta su capacidad de diálogo y escucha activa en identificación de violencia. Refieren posibilidad de ser escuchadas en la generación de acciones frente a este problema. DISCUSION:necesidad de asumir una postura política estatal sobre la partería, que permita reconocer su papel en la sociedad y la posibilidad de incorporarlas en las acciones que hacen frente al problema de la violencia, y valorar los elementos propios de su ejercicio en la detección y manejo de estas mujeres.

OBJECTIVE:to explore the experiences and perspectives that a group of midwives from Jalisco, Mexico had with women who were abused during pregnancy and childbirth . METHODOLOGY: a qualitative study was conducted in a rural zone of Jalisco, Mexico, between May and October 2011 with 24 midwives. The techniques used to obtain the data were: individual interviews, life history, and the participatory regional assembly. After collecting the discourses, these were analyzed using the semiotic actantial model. RESULTS:the midwives are familiar with the violence exercised against women during the pregnancy and birth process; this is mainly attributed tolocation- and sex-related aspects,which in turn shows the combination of pregnancy and violence as a risk factor for obstetrical problems. In addition, physical violence was the most common type of abuse, and the woman’s partner was the main aggressor. Finally, the midwives’ ability to speak, listen and identify the cases of violence is worth mentioning. CONCLUSION: it is necessary to assume a political stance on midwives that would help recognize their goal in society and incorporate them into any actions taken to stop domestic violence while valuing the midwives’ efforts to identify and aid thesemothers.

Synthesis and characterization of a hybrid (chitosan-g-glycidyl methacrylate)-xanthan hydrogel.

This work reports the synthesis and characterization of a new material obtained by mixing the hybrid natural-synthetic chitosan-g-glycidyl methacrylate (CTS-g-GMA) biopolymer and xanthan gum (X). All materials were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, and thermal analysis (DSC and TGA) and the results were contrasted with those of the precursor materials. The swelling index of the hydrogels decreases when the GMA mass percentage increases. The X-ray diffraction patterns show that the hybrid hydrogels are amorphous in contrast to chitosan (CTS), which is semi-crystalline. FTIR analysis confirms the existence of physical interactions among constituents. Rheological properties, η, G', and G", were determined as a function of flow allowing one to conclude that (CTS-g-GMA)-X behaves as physical hydrogel. Additionally, we report viability of fibroblasts when cultured onto the synthesized hydrogels. This study shows that these hydrogels support cell viability and have potential for use in biomedical engineering applications.

Clinical profile of patients with epileptic and nonepileptic seizures.

Epileptic seizures (ES) and nonepileptic seizures (NES) often coexist in patients with treatment-refractory seizures. There are few data on ictal features of these different seizure types in the same patient. We identified 20 patients with ES from a group of 99 NES patients (ES/NES) and compared this group with patients with only ES or NES. All 20 ES/NES patients developed NES after ES. Clinical features of NES clearly differed from ES in 18 of 20 cases. In patients with ES/NES their ES were similar to seizures in patients with only ES, and their NES were similar to spells in patients with only NES. ES/NES patients were similar to ES patients in electrodiagnostic and neuroimaging studies, and similar to NES patients in psychiatric interviews and inventories. The clinical manifestations of ES and NES in the same patient are usually different. Both types of events may be stereotypic and can be distinguished and characterized during video-EEG recording. Determining what events are more prevalent or disturbing is critical. Psychiatric and antiepileptic drug treatment may be provided accordingly.

Psychogenic basilar migraine: report of four cases.

We discuss four patients with the clinical diagnosis of basilar migraine and suspected coexisting epilepsy who were referred to our epilepsy center. Their symptoms suggested episodic dysfunction in the distribution of the basilar artery, followed by pulsating headache with nausea. Verbal unresponsiveness and sensory symptoms occurred in all four patients; two also had focal paresis or jerking movements. Diagnostic studies excluded other disorders with similar symptoms. None of the patients improved with antimigraine or antiepileptic drugs. Provocation tests with suggestion elicited typical events in three patients and aura and headache in one patient. There were no EEG or ECG abnormalities during spontaneous or provoked episodes. Two patients improved with psychiatric treatment. Conversion disorder or malingering should be considered in patients whose symptoms of basilar migraine are atypical or refractory to treatment.

Tratamiento de la dismenorrea primaria con diclofenac potasico. / Treatment of primary dysmenorrhea with potassium diclofenac

Se estudiaron 40 mujeres con dismenorrea primaria durante el episodio doloroso.Bajo el diseno doble ciego, en dos grupos comparables de 20 casos cada uno, se administraron 50 mg de diclofenac potasico por via oral, despues de cada uno de los principales alimentos (tres al dia) durante tres dias consecutivos. Se hicieron evaluaciones utilizando una Escala Visual Analoga (EVA) en dos etapas: una inmediatamente despues de la primera dosis a intervalos de media, 1, 2 y 3 horas y otra evaluacion diaria relacionada con la primera dosis de cada uno de los dos dias siguientes. El efecto analgesico inmediato y ulterior del diclofenac potasico fue muy satisfactorio y francamente superior al del placebo (p < igual 0.01). Este efecto pudiera explicarse, al menos parcialmente, por la accion inhibidora del medicamento sobre la sintesis de prostaglandinas, ademas de su actividad analgesica intrinseca