Nitrification activity in the presence of 2-chlorophenol using whole nitrifying cells and cell-free extracts: batch and SBR assays.

Kinetic assays with a nitrifying consortium with whole nitrifying cells amended with 5 mg 2-CP-C/L and 100, 200, 300, or 500 mg NH4+-N/L were carried out in batch and nitrifying sequencing batch reactor (SBR) cultures. No nitrification activity was observed in batch assays with 100 mg NH4+-N/L and 5 mg 2-CP-C/L. Nevertheless, increasing the ammonium concentration from 200 to 500 mg NH4+-N/L allowed simultaneous ammonium and nitrite oxidation even in the presence of 5 mg 2-CP-C/L plus the halogenated compound consumption. Under these conditions, the ammonium monooxygenase enzyme participated in 2-CP consumption. Complete nitrification and simultaneous elimination of 5 mg 2-CP-C/L were achieved in the SBR amended with 200-500 mg NH4+-N/L. The inhibitory effect of 2-CP on the nitrite oxidation process completely disappeared under these conditions. Assays with nitrifying cell-free extracts, ammonium (100 mg NH4+-N/L), and 2-CP (5 mg 2-CP-C/L) were also conducted. In the absence of 2-CP, the nitrifying cell-free extracts maintained up to 60% of the nitrifying activity compared to whole-cells. Contrary to whole-cell assays, cell-free extracts were capable of simultaneously oxidizing ammonium and consuming 2-CP. However, the inhibitory effect of 2-CP on nitrification was still present as lower specific rates of ammonium consumption and nitrate production were obtained. Thus, these assays indicate that the presence of 2-CP affects both, the ammonium transport mechanism and the activity of nitrifying enzymes. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03764-z.

[Adrenal scrotal ectopy]. / Ectopia adrenal escrotal.

OBJECTIVES: A case of scrotal ectopic adrenal is described, with special reference to the diagnostic difficulties that may arise. METHODS/RESULTS: A review of the literature showed an incidence of 3.5% to 15% and its most outstanding histological feature is the presence of adrenal tissue comprised of cortex with no medullary layer, indicating the embryological origin of this anomaly. CONCLUSIONS: Routine exploration for possible ectopic nodules is not justified since this anomaly has practically no clinical importance, although histological analysis of any incidental finding during a procedure is mandatory.

Expresión inmunohistoquímica del antígeno carcinoembrionario en el cáncer de la vesícula biliar / Immunohistochemical expression of the carcinoembryonic antigen in gallbladder cancer

Immunohistochemical techniques using monoclonal antibodies were used to investigate the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in gallbladders from 26 patients with gallbladdeer cancer and 26 patients without cacer, including normal mucosa, areas of pyloric metaplasia and areas identified by the presence of "clear cells". All carcinomas were strongly positive for CEA but 61% of noncancerous samples were also positive. However, only 1 of the last samples was strongly positive. According to hystologic type the positivity for CEA in noncancerous samples was 6/11 in normal mucosa, 6/8 in samples with intestinal metaplasia and 1/8 in samples with pyloric metaplasia (p < 0.05). Thus a negative reaction for CEA is 100% specific for absence of cancer. If mild reactions are disregarded, strong reaction for CEA is 81% specific for cancer

Conferencia Charlin 1984. Experiencia en cirugia del estrabismo. / Conference Charlin 1984. Experience in strabismus surgery

Se plantea la indicacion de las diversas operaciones para endotropia: retrorreseccion monocular, 3 musculos horizontales, 4 musculos horizontales, retroinsercion de ambos rectos medios, retroinsercion de un recto medio, reseccion de un recto lateral; y de las diversas operaciones para exotropia: retrorreseccion monocular, retroinsercion de ambos rectos laterales, reseccion de un recto medio, retroinsercion de un recto lateral. Se analizaron 262 historias de operados de estrabismos haciendose una epicrisis estandarizada de cada caso, lo que permitio tabular diversos datos. Se analizaron los resultados de la cirugia en la endotropia congenita. Se estudiaron los resultados con operaciones de 4 o de 3 musculos horizontales para endotropias de angulo mediano, y de un musculo para endotropias de pequeno angulo.Tambien se analizaron los resultados (generalmente con operacion de retrorreseccion monocular) para exotropias intermitentes. Se termino estudiando los casos de cambio refractivo (astigmatismo postoperatorio) provocado por la cirugia de los musculos extraoculares, citando 3 ejemplos demostrativos

Psicologia fisiologica y estados funcionales del Yo. Un enfoque neurobiologico del analisis transaccional. / Physiologic psychology and functional states of the Ego. An neurobiological approach of the transactional analysis

Una teoria conductual sera mas cientifica en la medida que sus constructos especifiquen mejor un estado particular en el sistema nervioso. En este trabajo se propone un modelo de la personalidad (sistema FLOR-R') que integra, a traves de siete postulados, por una parte los estados funcionales del Yo del analisis transaccional y por otra, los hallazgos actuales en diversas subespecialidades de la psicologia fisiologica. Las variaciones observadas en la conducta manifiesta dependen de las estructuras neuronales funcionalmente relevantes o moduladoras de la actividad dinamica cerebral: area prefrontal izquierda = Adulto, area prefrontal derecha = Pequeno Profesor, sistema limbico = Padre Nutritivo y Nino Libre, complejo-R = Padre Critico y Nino Adaptado. Este modelo puede verificarse en principio, hace comprensible la jerarquizacion filo y ontogenetica del comportamiento, explica la depresion funcional descendente del cerebro por drogas y permite una aplicacion de la teoria general de los sistemas

Dust particles retained in the upper fornix.

Minute multiple dust particles enclosed in long stick mucous filaments may remain hidden in the recesses of the upper fornix for considerable periods of time. They produce the subjective sensations of grittiness or smarting. After repeated maneuvers of eversion of the upper eyelid and blinking, the nasal end of the mucosities lodged in the upper fornix may become visible over the plica semilunaris or caruncle. When drawing them from the lacus lacrimalis with thin moist cotton-tipped applicators, long mucous filaments will be seen gliding out from under the nasal end of the upper eyelid.