RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Reducing the incidence of reportable events with undesirable effects (REUE) is a priority in the hospital environment, which is why reporting systems have been implemented to identify and manage them. Information is required regarding the performance of reporting systems, barriers, or facilitators for reporting and strategies that improve passive reporting. METHODOLOGY: Systematic scoping review of the literature that included studies performed in the population exposed to the occurrence of REUE in the health system (teams, patients, and family). A search was performed in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Epistemonikos, MEDLINE (PubMed), MEDLINE In-Process and MEDLINE Daily Update, EMBASE, LILACS, and databases of the World Health Organization and Pan-American Health Organization. RESULTS: Fifteen studies were found, 1 systematic review, 2 clinical trials, 8 observational studies, 3 qualitative studies, and 1 mixed study. In 4 of them, the effectiveness of active versus passive reporting systems was compared. The measures to improve the passive systems were education about REUE, simplification of the reporting format, activities focused on increasing the motivation for self-report, adoption of self-report as an obligatory institutional policy, and using specific report formats for each service. CONCLUSIONS: There is information that allows to find differences between the performance of the active and passive reporting systems. The reviewed research articles found that passive techniques significantly underreported adverse events. It is recommended that institutions adopt both active and passive techniques in adverse event surveillance. New studies should be directed to answer the comparative efficiency of the reporting systems.
Assuntos
Hospitais , Humanos , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Revisões Sistemáticas como AssuntoRESUMO
La presente revisión analiza los aspectos necesarios para la formación de médicos en prevención y detección temprana del cáncer, profundizando en la educación basada en competencias, dada la importancia de este modelo a la hora de diseñar planes de estudio para la formación médica; además, se habla acerca del impacto que genera el fortalecimiento de las habilidades de los médicos en la materia. A lo largo del texto se describen aspectos, tanto en el contexto colombiano como a nivel internacional, con respecto al sistema de educación actual, las falencias encontradas en los planes de estudio de las carreras de medicina, la definición de competencias y la relevancia de este modelo para el entrenamiento de médicos sobre las estrategias de prevención primaria y secundaria del cáncer. Se hace evidente la necesidad de evaluar los contenidos curriculares en materia de prevención y detección temprana del cáncer, resaltando la importancia de la intervención médica a la hora de desarrollar acciones para la prevención y cribado de los principales tipos de cáncer; es necesaria la implementación de planes educativos que faciliten el desarrollo de habilidades en los profesionales y permitan superar los desafíos actuales de la atención médica en esta área
A literature review is presented that analyses the necessary aspects for medical education about cancer prevention and its early detection, placing an emphasis on the competency-based education model and the impact generated through the improvement of medical skills in this area. A description is also presented on the aspects related to the current educational system in Colombia, the flaws found in different medical programs about this subject, the definition of competency-based education, and the relevance of this model when it comes to training physicians on the primary and secondary prevention strategies for cancer. The present review shows the need to evaluate the curriculum contents on cancer prevention and early detection, highlighting the importance of medical interventions when developing prevention and screening strategies for the main cancer types. The need to implement education plans that help to develop competencies in the professionals that will enable them to overcome the current challenges of medical care in this area
