[Adaptation of the clinician-administered rating scale for mania]. / Adaptación de la Escala para la Valoración de la Manía por Clínicos (EVMAC).

INTRODUCTION: There is no mania rating scale properly adapted in Spain, and it's a true problem in research. METHODS: The adaptation process has been the following one: The authors start from CARS-M of Altman et al. First the carry out the translation and back translation which was revised by the author of the scale. Then they fullfill some previous training with video filming and lastly they apply the scale to a group of 24 patients. RESULTS: The Clinician-Administered Rating Scale for Mania (CARS-M) shows good psychometric proprieties among those its internal consistency of the scale, the interobservers reliability, and the item-total correlation. These results are lightly worse in the psychoticism sub-scale. CONCLUSIONS: This rating scale for mania show itself as a useful instrument in clinic and research.

Adaptación de la Escala para la Valoración de la Manía por Clínicos (EVMAC) / Adaptation of the clinician Administered Rating Scale for Mania (CARS-M)

Introducción: No existe en nuestro país ninguna escala de valoración de la manía propiamente adaptada, lo que representa un escollo metodológico importante para la investigación. Material y método: El proceso de adaptación ha sido el siguiente: Los autores parten de la escala CARS-M de Altman y colaboradores. Realizada la traducción y traducción inversa revisada por el autor, efectúan unos entrenamientos previos con filmaciones en vídeo y por último aplican la escala a un conjunto de 24 pacientes. Resultados: La Escala para la Valoración de la Manía Aplicada por Clínicos (EVMAC) muestra buenas propiedades psicométricas entre las que destaca la consistencia interna de la escala, la fiabilidad inter- observadores, y la correlación de los ítems con el total. Estos resultados son ligeramente peores en la subescala de psicoticismo. Conclusiones: La escala se muestra como un instrumento útil en clínica e investigación. (AU)

[Evaluation of the partial substitution of precooked corn flour by rice flour in the preparation of arepas]. / Evaluación de la sustitución parcial de harina de maíz precocida por harina de arroz en la elaboración de arepas.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of the partial substitution of rice by precooked corn flour, fortified or not with soy, on the organoleptic and nutritive characteristics of the arepas and on the expansion of the dough. Blends with 10, 20 and 30% of raw and precooked rice flours, and 8% soy flour were utilized. The results for arepas indicate that the partial substitution had no significant effect on the organoleptic characteristics nor nutritive value. The soy improved significantly the nutritive value. The expansion of the dough of the blends varied in respect to corn flour, without causing appreciable difficulty in the preparation of the arepas. The industrial precooked rice flour imparted great adhesivity, thus difficulty in the kneading, a fact which could lead to rejection by the consumer.

[Obtention and evaluation of a precooked flour of auyama (Cucurbita maxima) and rice, enriched with oleaginous proteins and/or skim milk]. / Obtención y evaluación de una harina precocida de auyama (Cucurbita maxima) y arroz, enriquecida con proteínas de oleaginosas y/o leche descremada.

The purpose of the present study was the production of a precooked blend made of pumpkin squash and rice flour (PRB), processed with drum dyer. The blend was supplemented with different protein sources: soy, sesame and deffated milk. The following formulations were obtained: I) PRB + 10.5% deffated soy flour; II) PRB + 15% deffated milk; III) PRB + 5% deffated sesame flour + 10% deffated milk; IV) PRB + 5% deffated soy flour + 10% deffated sesame flour, and V) PRB + 9.5% deffated soy flour + 9.5% deffated milk. All formulations were submitted to physico-chemical, nutritional and sensorial evaluation. The protein content of the formulations varied from 14.6% to 17.9%. Rat assays gave satisfactory net protein ratio values. Soups prepared with the formulations were qualified as having good organoleptic characteristics. The production of some of the formulations described above, would contribute to a larger utilization of pumpkin, as it would allow the easy preparation of salted and sweet dishes (soups, cakes, etc).

Oxygen transport of hemoglobin in high-altitude animals (Camelidae).

To clarify the mechanisms by which high-altitude Camelidae can adapt to hypoxia, the study of some blood characteristics were carried out in apacas and llamas. The results show that there is a peculiar dissociation curve of hemoglobin in alpacas which permits great affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen at lung level and the release of oxygen at the tissue level with a facility similar to that in man. Fetal hemoglobin was found high in adult alpacas (55 percent). Electrophoretic studies of hemoglobin showed that this pigment has two components, both of which have a very low mobility. Lactic dehydrogenase was found six times higher than in humans. RBC glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was two times higher than in man living at the same altitude. Myoglobin was found to be higher than in man living at altitude. Alpacas have erythrocytes in which the amount of 2,3-DPG is approximately the same as in man. RBC are more resistent to hypotonic solutions than humans. The amount of lactic dehydrogenase, myoglobin, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase dimishes when alpacas are bought down to sea level.