Serum retinol binding protein 4 and clinical outcome in postoperative biliary atresia.

BACKGROUND: Biliary atresia (BA), a chronic inflammatory disease of bile ducts, is characterized by the obliteration of bile flow. The aim of the present study was to investigate serum retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) in postoperative BA patients and the association of RBP4 with clinical parameters and liver stiffness scores. METHODS: A number of forty-eight BA patients post Kasai operation and 24 controls were enrolled. None of the patients had undergone liver transplantation. BA patients were classified into two groups according to their serum total bilirubin (TB) levels (non-jaundice, TB < 2 mg/dl vs. jaundice, TB ≥ 2 mg/dl) and liver stiffness (insignificant fibrosis, liver stiffness <7 kPa vs. significant fibrosis, liver stiffness ≥7 kPa). Serum RBP4 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Liver stiffness scores were measured by FibroScan. RESULTS: BA patients had lower RBP4 levels (14.9 ± 1.0 vs. 18.7 ± 1.0 ng/ml, P = 0.02), but higher liver stiffness than controls (29.5 ± 3.3 vs. 5.0 ± 0.5 kPa, P < 0.001). Serum RBP4 levels were significantly decreased in BA patients with jaundice, compared with those without jaundice (9.5 ± 0.9 vs. 18.2 ± 1.2 ng/ml, P < 0.001). Moreover, BA patients with significant liver fibrosis displayed lower serum RBP4 than those with insignificant fibrosis (14.1 ± 1.2 vs. 21.2 ± 1.4 ng/ml, P = 0.02). Further analysis showed that serum RBP4 was strongly correlated with liver stiffness and serum albumin (r = -0.72, P < 0.001, and r = 0.65, P < 0.001, respectively). BA patients with portal hypertension (PH) had lower serum RBP4 than those without PH (12.8 ± 1.2 vs. 19.2 ± 1.7 ng/ml, P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Serum RBP4 levels decreased in BA patients compared with normal participants, and its levels declined significantly in patients with more severe disease. RBP4 may play a role in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis and serve as a possible biomarker reflecting disease severity in postoperative BA patients.

Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus on commercial swine farm, Thailand.

A swine influenza outbreak occurred on a commercial pig farm in Thailand. Outbreak investigation indicated that pigs were co-infected with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus and seasonal influenza (H1N1) viruses. No evidence of gene reassortment or pig-to-human transmission of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus was found during the outbreak.

Human bocavirus infection in children with acute gastroenteritis and healthy controls.

Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a novel virus which can cause respiratory tract disease in infants and children. Recently, the prevalence of this virus was studied worldwide not only in the respiratory tract, but also in the gastrointestinal tract. The results of this study focusing on the HBoV detection in stool samples showed that HBoV could only be found in the stool of children with acute gastroenteritis (0.9%), not in the healthy control samples. Moreover, the complete coding sequences of these HBoV also showed very conserved sequences.