[DEFINITION OF WOMEN REPRODUCTIVE TRACT MICROFLORA COMPOSITION USING TEST-SYSTEM "FEMOFLOR-17"].

The data about composition of the vaginal microflora of women with use of the test system "Femoflor-17" was analyzed. Established that 92.7% of samples contained lactobacilli. For quantitaty of lactobacilli vaginal flora characterized as normobiosis. The dysbiosis in the background detection of mycoplasma, ureaplasma and yeast of genus Candida identified for 38.2% of the samples. Mycoplasma, ureaplasma and candida as monoinfection detected in 71% of cases and as an association of two pathogens in 29% of cases. In establishing compliance obtained by the test system "Femoflor-17" results to clinical and bacteriological markers of vaginal dysbiosis characterized as moderate anaerobic dysbiosis--6% of the samples, moderate aerobic dysbiosis--10%, moderate anaerobic-aerobic dysbiosis--35%, pronounced anaerobic dysbiosis--12% of the samples, expressed aerobic dysbiosis--10%, anaerobic-aerobic expressed dysbiosis--27% of the samples. Showing dominance of obligate anaerobic microorganisms associations among other microorganisms.

[Featuring pathogenicity factors in biofilm-forming and no-biofilm forming strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis].

A comparative study of the manifestation of pathogenicity factors: hemolytic, lipase, letsytinase activity and ability to adhere in 20 film-forming and 17 non-film-forming strains of S. epidermidis. Studying pathogenicity factors of the film-forming strains it was found that complete hemolysis and lipase activity shown was by all the film-forming strains of S. epidermidis, letsytinase activity was observed in 80%. Among the non-film-forming strains complete hemolysis and lipase activity were observed in 89% and letsytinase - 71%. Researched non-film-forming and film-forming strains of S. epidermidis showed the ability to adhere to buccal epithelial cells of humans. Found that all the film-forming strains of S. epidermidis were hight level adgesion, the highest IAM was equal to 11,84. It was found that among non-film-forming strains of S. epidermidis were low-, medium- and hight level adgesion. IAM of non-film-forming strains of S. epidermidis is 3 times lower compared to the IAM of the film-forming strains of human epithelial cells and was 3.2.

[Beta-lactamases of clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae family].

Among 62 clinical strains of enterobacteria, isolated from intestinal tract, representatives of genus Escherichia made--67.4%, Klebsiella--4.84%, Citrobacter--4.84%, Enterobacter--8.06%, Proteus--6.45%, Morganella of 8.06%. Preparations of fluorquinolone group--gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin, the number of steady strains being from 0.0% to 33.3%, were the most effective in respect of enterobacteria The investigated strains of enterobacteria showed considerable resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. The highest sensitivity has been noted to cefotaxim: Escherichia spp.--7.1%, Citrobacter spp.-0.0%, Klebsiella spp.--33.3%, Enterobacter spp.--20.0%, Proteus spp.--25.0%, Morganella spp.--20.0% of steady strains. Among 62 isolated strains of enterobacteria 48 produced beta-lactamases. Production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) has been found out in 100% of strains of Klebsiella spp., 81.8% of Escherichia spp., 66.7% of Enterobacter spp., 33.3% of Citrobacter spp. and Proteus spp.--from total amount of strains producing beta-lactamases.

[Dynamics of phosphate mobilization by Enterobacter dissolvens and Pseudomonas putida strains from tricalcium phosphate].

High phosphate-mobilizing activity of Pseudomonas putida and Enterobacter dissolvens strains was determined when investigating the dynamics of Ca3(PO4)2 mobilization in the system bacterial cell--medium. P. putida in 5 days and E. dissolvens in one day of cultivation dissolved 66 and 57%, respectively, in the medium with 5 g/l primary concentration of Ca3(PO4)2. There are differences in processes of phosphorus mobilization between these bacterial strains. Maximal concentration of soluble phosphorus (12.2 mmol) in the medium where E. dissolvens was cultivated was accompanied by pH decrease from 7.0 to 4.1. In case of P. putida the process of solubilization proceeded in conditions of decreasing pH (7.0-4.9), and when pH increased (pH 4.9-5.6). These data may evidence for different mechanisms of Ca3(PO4)2 mobilization in these twvo bacteria strains.

[Use of bentonite in production of granular bioinsecticide on the basis of Bacillus thuringiensis].

Electrokinetic properties of Bacillus thuringiensis spores and peculiarities of their interaction with clayey minerals montmorillonite and paligorskite were investigated. Existence of contact interaction between montmorillonite particles and bacteria endospores was shown. Granular bioinsecticide was prepared on the basis of bentonite, montmorillonite being its main component. It was discovered that the preparation can be well preserved for 3 months. While using the preparation after the long-term preservation for 12 months, it is recommended to increase the bioinsecticide suspension concentration twice.

[Glycolysis and pentose-phosphate pathway ratio in staphylococcus from the female genitalia in norm and dysbiosis].

Decrease in intensity of lactate accumulation and activity of glycolytic enzyme such as: phosphofructokinase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, pyruvate kinase found in staphylococcus of the second group isolated at vaginosis in comparison with staphylococcus of the third group isolated at vaginosis and concomitant additional infection pathology as well in comparison with staphylococcus of the first control group. Minimal inhibitory effect (MIA) and increase of enzyme activity of pentosephosphate ways such as: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, transketolase testify to an intensification pentose-phosphate ways and decrease in activity of found the second groups staphylococcus isolated at vaginosis in comparison with of the in third group isolated at vaginosis and additional infection pathology as well as in comparison with the first control group staphylococcus isolated at normal state of UGT.

[Experimental vaginal dysbiosis on the model of white laboratory mice].

Qualitative and quantitative composition of microbiocenosis of urogenital tract (UGT) of mice has been studied. When investigating UGT of mice in norm (n = 8), microorganisms of several genera with following occurrence frequency were detected: Lactobacillus (100%), Streptococcus (100%), Staphylococcus (87.5%), Micrococcus (12.5%), Bacillus (12.5%), Fusobacterium (87.5%), Peptococcus (62.5%), Peptostreptococcus (50%), Bacteroides (100%) and representatives of Enterobacteriaceae f (12.5%) family. A comparative analysis of UGT microflora in norm and under physiologically proceeding pregnancy helped to detect in the group of pregnant animals the increase of occurrence frequency of such conventionally-pathogenous organisms as representatives of Enterobacteriaceae family (6.86) and Peptococcus genus (1.37 times), representatives of Lactobacillus genus were found in 100% of animals. A possibility of UGT dysbiosis under microbialload made by the method of intravaginal introduction of 50 mkl of Staphilococcus aureus culture suspension which contains 1 x 109 cells/ml has been established. It was shown that clinical symptoms of dysbiosis (increase of pH, excretions at UGT outlet) correlate with disturbances in microbiocenosis of mice UGT which are characterized by a decrease of occurrence frequency and titer of saprophyte microorganisms, first of all, Lactobacillus (occurrence frequency decreased 15 times for anaerobic and 1.33 times for microaerophylic, and titers 1.32 times and 2.34 times, respectively), and by an increase of the titer of conventionally pathogenic bacteria, such as representatives of Enterobacteriaceae family (14.5 times) and Staphylococcus (6.17 times). Investigation of the effect of exogenic staphylococcal load on pregnancy has shown that the development of UGT dysbiosis affects the pregnancy result. Thus, it was established that there were three cases of abortion and two cases of natimortality which were registered in the group of female mice (n = 5) which were administered Staphylococcus after they became pregnant. The paper is presented in Russian.

[Effect of intravaginal administration of antibiotics of different groups on microbiocenosis of the urogenital tract in mice].

The changes of qualitative and quantitative composition of microflora of the urogenital tract have been investigated in mice at intravaginal introduction of antibiotics belonging to Fluorchinolons, Penicillinums and Tetracyclinums. It is established, that the load by antibiotics amoxicilline/clavulanic acid, doxycycline and ofloxacinum results in development of adysbiosis condition in urogenital tract, that is expressed in a significant decrease of quantity of Lactobacilli and increase of occurrence of the representatives of conditionally pathogenous flora (Staphylococcuses, Streptococcuses, representatives of family Enterobacteriaceae). An increase of the ratio between the quantity of anaerobes and aerobes is observed when introducing antibiotic preparations. Thus, in the control group the ratio makes 74:1, in the group of animals, which were administered ofloxacinum--95:1, in the group of animals, which were administered amoxicilline/clavulanic acid--132:1, and in the group of animals, which received doxycycline--115:1.

[Comparative studying of anaerobic bacteria located in woman's reproductive ways in normal condition and dysbiosis].

Bacteriological investigation of obligate anaerobic bacteria located in UGT of two groups of the observed women has shown: that the microbiocoenosis of UGT of women of the group 1 can be determined as normal. Identification of these anaerobic bacteria revealed the presence of representatives of the following species: Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Eubacterium spp., Bacteroides spp., Fusobacterium spp., Peptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp. The microbiocoenosis of UGT of the women of group 2 is diagnosed as vaginosis, thus in addition to the listed previously bacteria is added another one, Clostridium spp. Characteristic feature of Vaginosis is from one side a considerable decrease in the frequency of finding (cultivation) and concentration of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. and from another side--a considerable increase of frequency finding (cultivation) and concentration of Bacteroides spp. In addition, there is change of metabolism of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp resulting in decrease in specific intensity of secretion of acids.

[Composition of microflora and antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria of the women urogenital tract].

A microbial landscape of the urogenital tract in 798 women of reproductive age with various inflammatory diseases of urogenital organs has been investigated. It was fixed, that in 57% of cases the microflora of genitalias of the examined women was presented by associations of aerobic and anaerobic agents. The following associations were distinguished: staphylococci-Bacteroides fragilis (34%), enterobacteria-Bacteroides melaninogenicus (24%), enterobacteria-Anaerobe cocci (15%), staphylococci-B. fragilis-eubacteria (9%), staphylococci-enterococci-B. fragilis (8%), staphylococci-gardnerella (6%), staphylococci-enterobacteria-B. fragilis (3%), enterococci-fusobacteria-enterobacteria (1%). The sensitivity of the isolated microorganisms to antibiotics of different groups has been investigated. It is shown, that the preparation chosen for the treatment of inflammatory diseases of reproductive system of women, the associations of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms being their etiological factor, is fluoroquinolone of the fourth generation--gatifloxacin.

[Isolation frequency and spectrum of sensitivity to antifungal preparations of vulvovaginal candidiasis pathogens].

The conducted microbiological examination of 362 women of reproductive age has shown the availability of vulvovaginal candidiasis in 282 of them. The following representatives of the genus Candida were isolated from the urogenital tract of women: C. albicans (53%), C. krusei (18%), C. glabrata (14%), C. tropicalis (9%), C. pseudotropicalis (6%). The comparative analysis of sensitivity of the given fungi to a number of antimycotic preparations used in the clinic has been conducted. One can observe maximum sensitivity (89%) of the isolated fungi of Candida genus to itraconazole, minimum (49%)--to nystatin. Therefore itraconazole can be a preparation of choice when treating vulvovaginal candidiasis, which agents are the Candida genus fungi being resistant to other antimycotics.

[Rifampicin use for potency stabilization in Rif(r) mutants of Streptomyces recifensis subsp. lyticus, an organism producing lytic enzymes]. / Primenenie rifampitsina dlia stabilizatsii aktivnosti Rif(r)-mutantov produtsenta liticheskikh fermentov Streptomyces recifensis subsp. lyticus.

Rif(r) mutants 1P-92 and 2P-15 were isolated as a result of selection of Streptomyces recifensis subsp. lyticus, an organism producing lytic enzymes. The effect of rifampicin on the biosynthetic potency of the mutants was studied. When added to the medium for cultivation of Rif(r) mutants 1P-92 and 2P-15 in the optimal concentrations (7.5 and 10.0 mcg/ml respectively), the antibiotic showed stabilizing effect on their potency in successive subcultures and recovered the initial potency of the old laboratory strains. Preliminary cultivation of strain 2P-15 after its storage for 6 years at a temperature of -20 degrees C made it possible to increase the efficiency of the initial potency recovery in the analytical selection.

A biosynthesis activity of Streptomyces recifensis var. lyticus.

The structure of enzyme complex synthesized of soil streptomycete was investigated. Fractionation and purification of enzymes have allowed to identify a line of hydrolases: proteinases, amylases, DNA-ses, cellulases and also glycosidases and endopeptidases with lytic action. Their properties were studied. The isolated lytic endopeptidases had a wide substrate specificity and hydrolyzed casein and synthetic peptides at pH 7-9 and also a cell wall of bacteria at pH 5-6. The temperature optimum of 5 researched endopeptidases are in the range 45-60 degrees C. They were activated by ions Co2+, Fe2+, Cu2+ to a different degree. The universal activators of lytic endopeptidases were ions Cd2+ and Pb2+. They have raised lytic activity of enzymes 3-7 times. The obtained data can witness high adaptogenic ability of streptomycetes in relation to heavy metals. The possibility of enzyme preparation from Streptomyces recifensis use for growth stimulation of agricultural plants was shown also against the wheat, oats, maize, haricot beans, peas, barley.

[Activity of enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains resistant and sensitive to antibiotics]. / Aktyvnist' fermentiv tsyklu trykarbonovykh kyslot u stiikykh ta chutlyvnykh do antybiotykiv shtamiv Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

The activity of enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and some enzymes which catalyze the reactions connected with the reactions cycle of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains which contain plasmids with various spectrum and level of sensitivity to antibiotics has been studied. The decrease of activity of the basic enzymes of the cycle and intensification of anapleurotic reactions and reactions of constructive metabolism connected with the tricarboxylic acid cycle in antibiotic-resistant containing plasmids strains has been found.

[Effect of mineral nutrition sources on the growth and toxin formation of the entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis]. / Vplyv dzherel mineral'noho zhivlennia na rist i toksynoutvorennia entomopatohennykh bakterii Bacillus thuringiensis.

Mineral composition of culture medium has been studied for its effect on the processes of growth, spore-and-toxin formation of entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis. It has been shown that salts Na2SO4, Na2SiO3.9H2O, MgSO4.7H2O increase the yield of biomass and endotoxin; FeSO4.7H2O, CaCl2, MnSO4.4H2O increase only the yield of biomass; CdSO4.7H2O and CoCl2.6H2O--inhibit the processes of spore-and-toxin formation, but increase the cell titre. A complex of mineral salts has been found which takes positive effect on the biomass accumulation, delta-endotoxin synthesis and insecticide activity of the studied bacteria. It is shown that the drug "Gumat" besides other elements of the culture medium completely provides bacteria with necessary mineral compounds.

[Influence of composition of the nutrient medium on growth and development of entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis]. / Vliianie sostava pitatel'noi sredy na rost i razvitie éntomopatogennykh bakterii Bacillus thuringiensis.

New medium for cultivation of Bacillus thuringiensis has been elaborated with the help of a simplex method for mathematical planning the experiment. The optimized medium containing green syrup, corn extract, sodium humate and mineral salts, allowed to increase the biomass titer by 45%, endotoxin by 220% as compared to the initial medium. Insecticide activity of Bacillus thuringiensis culture grown on the new culture medium exceeds considerably that on the initial culture medium.

[Investigation of subalin effect on urogenital microflora of pregnant women]. / Izuchenie vliianiia subalina na urogenital'nuiu mikrofloru beremennykh zhenshchin.

Bacteriological examination of 30 women with incomplete pregnancy has been conducted. Representatives of 18 genera of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria as well as yeast-like fungi of Candida genus were found. It has been established that spore-forming bacteria of the Bacillus genus from subalin preparation have antagonistic activity in respect of the strains of pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria with characteristic zones of growth depression of 12-15 mm. This demonstrates that the agents of infectional urogenital process are effectively suppressed by subalin.

[ATPase activity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Staphylococcus aureus strains]. / ATFaznaia aktivnost' shtammov Neisseria gonorrhoeae i Staphylococcus aureus.

It has been established that membrane vesicles of gonococci possess ATPase activity within 0.05-0.14 mmol of ATP during 60 min per 1 mg of protein and for staphylococcus--within 0.07-0.19 mmol of ATP for 60 min per 1 mg of protein. The identity in all the kinetic parameters is observed for all the studied gonococcus strains: Na+ and Ca2+ ions inhibit ATPase activity within 12-19%; Mg2+ ions increase the ATPase activity 2-2.5 times. Dicyclohexylcarboimide, a specific ATPase inhibitor, suppresses ATPase activity by 50-70%. ATPase activity in the strains of bacteria containing antibiotic-resistant plasmids is established to increase 1.2-2.8 times for gonococcus and 1.2-2.7 for staphylococcus as compared to sensitive ones.

[Sensitivity of urogenital aerobic microflora to antibiotics]. / Chuvstvitel'nost' k antibiotikam urogenital'noi aerobnoi mikroflory.

The following aerobic opportunistic bacteria have been isolated in women with different inflammatory processes of the reproductive system: staphylococci--62%, enterobacteria--30%, streptococci--11%, pseudomonads--7%. Gram-positive cocci (staphylococci and streptococci, except for Streptococcus faecium) manifested the highest sensitivity to amoxycillin/clavulanic acid. Clinical isolates of enterobacteria were characterized by high percentage of strains sensitive to cyprofloxacine and cephalosporines of the third generation. The highest number of sensitive strains was registered in fluoroquinolon for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

[Oxidative activity and accumulation of metabolites in gonococcal and staphylococcal plasmid-containing strains]. / Okislitel'naia aktivnost' i nakoplenie konechnykh produktov obmena u plazmidosoderzhashchikh shtammov gonokokka i stafilokokka.

A higher rate of glucose oxidation by antibiotic-resistant staphylococcus and gonococcus strains has been established; at the same time the sensitive strains are characterised by more intensive oxidation of pyruvate and acetate as compared with the resistant strains. High rate of lactate accumulation by antibiotic-resistant strains has been marked for the studied staphylococci strains. Antibiotic-resistant strains of gonococci are characterised by more intensive accumulation of acetate as the end product of glucose catabolism. No significant differences were revealed for the stable and sensitive strains of gonococci as to the rate of acetate involving in metabolic processes, but a steady tendency to the increase of acetate consumption intensity is observed.