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1.
Probl Endokrinol (Mosk) ; 67(5): 29-33, 2021 09 19.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34766487

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Prolactin-releasing peptide(Prl-RP), in addition to stimulating the production of prolactin, interacts with various parts of the central nervous system, participating in the implementation of many functions that are reflected in behavior. AIM: The effect of Prl-RP on the anxiety of white Wistar rats was studied since there were no data in the literature on the relationship between Prl-RP and anxiety. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anxiety was assessed in two tests. In the elevated plus-maze (EPM), the time spent in the open arms and the number of edge reactions were recorded. In the social preference test, the time spent near a stranger, near a familiar individual, and in neutral territory were recorded. RESULTS: The administration of Prl-RP at a dose of 10-10 M with a volume of 10 µl in each nostril reduced the time spent by the animals in the open arms of the EPM, and the number of edge reactions. For testing the social interaction, animals were pre-selected for high or low levels of anxiety in the EPM. In rats with initially low levels of anxiety, Prl-RP reduced the time spent near a stranger, indicating an increase in anxiety levels. The behavior of rats with initially high levels of anxiety did not change after application of the Prl-RP. CONCLUSION: The results of our experiments indicate that the intranasal administration of Prl-RP increases the anxiety of rats.


Assuntos
Ansiedade , Comportamento Animal , Animais , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Prolactina/farmacologia , Hormônio Liberador de Prolactina/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar
2.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25975142

RESUMO

During the experiments we investigated the influence of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on the changes in the behaviour of white rat (Rattus norvegicus) males (n = 90), induced by light uncontrolled impact. After two-week procedure of handling male rats were tested using elevated plus-maze to determine the basal level of anxiety, locomotor and investigative activity and emotionality. A month later we investigated the influence of intranasal administration of TRH-solution (10(-10) M) in a volume of 20 mkl on the anxiety-level increase, induced by stress: short electric foot-shocks. Four hours later animals were tested in the elevated plus-maze. In vehicle-treated animals we detected the increase of anxiety and emotionality level and the decrease of locomotor and investigative activity. In contrast there was no increase of anxiety and emotionality in TRH-treated rats. As to the locomotor and investigative activity, it decreased in TRH-treated animals as well as inthe vehicle-treated. It shows the specific influence on the level of anxiety, which doesn't affect other components of stress-induced behavioral changes Present results suggest TRH as a potential anxiolitic.


Assuntos
Ansiolíticos/farmacologia , Ansiedade/tratamento farmacológico , Estresse Psicológico/prevenção & controle , Hormônio Liberador de Tireotropina/farmacologia , Administração Intranasal , Animais , Ansiedade/fisiopatologia , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Eletrochoque , Comportamento Exploratório/efeitos dos fármacos , Luz , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/efeitos dos fármacos , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Estimulação Luminosa , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologia
3.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25438585

RESUMO

Effect of chronic mild uncontrollable stress on behaviour was studied on rats with opposite behavioural coping styles--active and passive. In a population of outbred animals, specimens with opposite coping style of behaviour were selected based on their reactions in the active avoidance (AA) test. Both groups were subjected to chronic mild stress during 30 days and tested for depressive behaviour (forced swim test, 32% glucose solution consumption test), anxiety (elevated plus maze) and learning (AA test). The behavioural test showed that depressive behaviour after chronic mild stress is more common in animals with active behaviour strategy.


Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Transtorno Depressivo/fisiopatologia , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologia , Animais , Aprendizagem da Esquiva , Transtorno Depressivo/etiologia , Aprendizagem em Labirinto , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fatores de Risco , Estresse Psicológico/complicações
4.
Vestn Oftalmol ; 128(1): 44-6, 2012.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22741296

RESUMO

The results of comparative study of efficacy and safety of vision correcting system "Focus" and Picamilon in patients with dry form of age macular degeneration are presented. 60 patients were enrolled into the study, follow-up was 3 months. Routine examination revealed positive impact of "Focus" on dynamics of main visual functions (visual acuity and field). In terms of impact on dynamics of main visual functions "Focus" is comparable with Picamilon, though it is better tolerated. Intake of vision correcting system "Focus" promotes visual functions improvement and prevents progressing of retinal degenerations.


Assuntos
Antocianinas , Degeneração Macular/tratamento farmacológico , Fitoterapia , Vaccinium myrtillus , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/análogos & derivados , Antocianinas/administração & dosagem , Antocianinas/efeitos adversos , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Degeneração Macular/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fitoterapia/métodos , Fitoterapia/normas , Preparações de Plantas/administração & dosagem , Preparações de Plantas/efeitos adversos , Resultado do Tratamento , Acuidade Visual , Testes de Campo Visual/métodos , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/administração & dosagem , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/efeitos adversos
5.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20352686

RESUMO

In outbred population of white rats (Rattus norvegicus), we picked out two groups of male animals with high (HA) and low levels of anxiety (LA). Social preference for a familiar or unfamiliar conspecific were studied. The rats (n = 85) were housed five per cage for two months before the experiment. Thus, the social structures in every cage were stable. The anxiety was tested in an elevated plus-maze. For social interaction test we used the box, in which two opposite corners were separated with perforated transparent Plexiglas walls. A mate of a tested subject was placed into one corner the cage, an unfamiliar animal was put into another corner. During five minutes we measured the time spent near each of the conspecifics and in neutral area. For both high- and low-anxiety groups, the time spent in the neutral area was less than 60 sec. i.e. rats in a novel environment spent much more time in social contacts than in environmental exploration. Rats with high anxiety spent 88 +/- 32 s and 155 +/- 35 s close to an unfamiliar subject and a cage mate, respectively. On the contrary, the measurements for rats with low anxiety were 200 +/- 40 s for an unfamiliar subject, and 65 +/- 32 s for a cage mate. Consequently, high-anxiety rats preferred contacts with a familiar conspecific, whereas low-anxiety rats preferred to contact with an unfamiliar conspecific.


Assuntos
Ansiedade/psicologia , Comportamento Social , Animais , Animais não Endogâmicos , Masculino , Aprendizagem em Labirinto , Ratos
9.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15481393

RESUMO

Maternal behavior of Koltushi High- and Low-avoidance (KHA and KLA) rats strains was assessed over the prewealing period (days 6-21). Ten litters of each strain were observed during the light phase of the light/dark cycle. In a series of experiments, rat pups were taken from the maternal nest and placed into the opposite corner of the cage. The following parameters of the maternal behavior were recorded: the latency of the first contact with the pups, pup licking, latency of carrying/retrieval of the first pup back to the nest, time of returning to the nest of the whole litter, and mother's spontaneous behavior (grooming and locomotion time) over the course of 10 min of observation. KLA mothers stayed with their pups and took care of them more frequently than KHA mothers during the light phase of the circadian cycle. Time of self-grooming was significantly higher in KHA rats. The highest levels of self-grooming of mothers was registered on the first day of testing. The latency of the first coming to pups after their removal from the nest was lower in KHA rats, but they needed more time to returned all pups to the nest. The experimental evidence suggests that the KHA but not KLA rats with the active coping style and higher stress reactivity display disorders in maternal behavior in a novel situation.


Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Comportamento Materno/psicologia , Animais , Reação de Fuga , Feminino , Asseio Animal , Lactação/psicologia , Ratos , Ratos Mutantes , Seleção Genética
10.
Neurosci Behav Physiol ; 33(3): 269-72, 2003 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12762594

RESUMO

The effects of stages in the estrous cycle on electrical pain thresholds were studied in white rats in conditions of chronic measurement. On recording day 3, females in the diestrus and estrus stages showed sharp increases in shudder and paw-shuffling thresholds. Females in proestrus and metestrus showed no change in thresholds as compared with those in the first days of recording. Starting from day 7, there were progressive decreases in electrical pain thresholds regardless of the stage of the estrous cycle. Data for all animals showed that regular measurement of pain thresholds induces a smooth two-fold increase in body resistance from day 1 to day 7. This was followed by a sharp drop on day 8, with parallel decreases in body resistance and electrical pain thresholds. Thus, chronic measurement of electrical pain thresholds and body resistance changed in a complex fashion, and threshold values depended on the stage of the estrous cycle.


Assuntos
Ciclo Estral/fisiologia , Limiar da Dor/fisiologia , Animais , Impedância Elétrica , Estimulação Elétrica/métodos , Feminino , Medição da Dor/classificação , Medição da Dor/métodos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fatores de Tempo
11.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12013653

RESUMO

Social ranks were determined in rats with different degrees of activity-passivity in coping style. The dominance status of rats was assessed by their behavior during social interaction and during competition for food and water. Coping styles were determined during initial trials of acquisition of active avoidance in a two-way shuttle box. Animals with passive behavior in a shuttle box had average scores of social ranks. Both dominant and subordinate rats displayed significantly more active behavior than subdominant animals. In additional experiment, the rats were caged as a one male-one female pairs. Two weeks later, the social ranks of males were determined during agonistic interactions. Males were caged in triads, and corticosterone levels were assayed in blood samples taken from the tail veins during the first five days. The corticosterone level was significantly higher in subdominants than in dominants. There was no significant difference between the dominants and subordinates in corticosterone levels. The obtained evidence suggests the passive coping in subdominant rats, whereas the dominant and subordinate animals were more "active" under aversive stimulation.


Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Animais , Corticosterona/sangue , Feminino , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar
12.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12013658

RESUMO

Influence of consumption of 32% sucrose or 0.1% saccharin solutions on passive avoidance acquisition in female Wistar rats was studied at different stages of estrous cycle. Under conditions of weak electrical shock, rats of the control and saccharin groups showed no acquisition at any stage of estrous cycle. Under the same conditions females of the sucrose group acquired the avoidance behavior if trained on the first day of diestrous and metestrous but not proestrous and estrous. The stage of estrous cycle on the second day did not influence the latency during testing session.


Assuntos
Aprendizagem da Esquiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Sacarina/administração & dosagem , Sacarose/administração & dosagem , Animais , Estro , Feminino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar
13.
Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova ; 87(3): 319-30, 2001 Mar.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11386156

RESUMO

The paper surveys controllability in the stress theory. Uncontrollable action is perceived by living organisms in a principally different way than the controllable one and induces persisting pathological changes. The controllability, i.e. presence of a feedback in the stimulus/response system, is determined by an interaction of the medium factors and a strategy of subject's behaviour. A passive strategy proves to be optimal for adaptation under the conditions when an animal cannot change unfavourable medium conditions. The authors base their theoretical statements on their own experimental studies as well as literature references analysis.


Assuntos
Retroalimentação , Estresse Fisiológico/psicologia , Adaptação Fisiológica , Animais , Reação de Fuga , Atividade Motora , Estresse Fisiológico/patologia , Estresse Fisiológico/fisiopatologia
14.
Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova ; 87(9): 1244-9, 2001 Sep.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11763538

RESUMO

Pain thresholds and body resistance in female Wistar rats were determined during estrous cycle stages. The flinch and shuffle thresholds were increased on the 3rd day of measurement in diestrus and estrus but not in proestrus and metestrus as compared with the thresholds during the 1st day of recording. The thresholds decreased as of the 7th day to the 14th day. Daily threshold measurements raised the body resistance on the 7th day of recording. In contrast to the pain thresholds, the body resistance change had not a stage-dependent character.


Assuntos
Ciclo Estral , Limiar da Dor , Dor/fisiopatologia , Animais , Estimulação Elétrica , Feminino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Reflexo de Sobressalto
15.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11764512

RESUMO

Sucrose consumption by male and female rats during active avoidance acquisition was measured in two rat strains: KLA (Koltushi low avoidance) and KHA (Koltushi high avoidance) selected for divergent performance in a shuttlebox. Under resting condition, there were no interstrain difference in sucrose consumption by males, but KHA females consumed significantly less sucrose than KLA females. Active avoidance acquisition during five consecutive days decreased sucrose consumption in KLA males and did not change sucrose consumption in KHA males. Within a week after exposure to the stress, the sucrose consumption by KLA males returned to its normal values, and KHA males consumed significantly more sucrose. The active avoidance conditioning did not affect sucrose consumption in females of both strains. Substitution of 32% solution for 4% produced on the first day a sharp decrease in sucrose consumption in males of both strains, while females sharply increased consumption of the diluted solution over the next four days of observation. During this time, males returned to consumption of the same volume of the solution despite its decreased concentration. The findings suggest that the exposure to the escapable stress induces the negative affect only in KLA males.


Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Aprendizagem da Esquiva , Comportamento Animal , Sacarose/administração & dosagem , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Motivação , Ratos , Especificidade da Espécie
16.
Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova ; 86(8): 979-86, 2000 Aug.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11059015

RESUMO

Female rats during the sex dominanta (proestrus) revealed lower anxiety scores and a higher general level of activity than the rats in diestrus. Responses to stress were also more obvious in proestrus. During gestation the rats revealed a lower activity and a higher anxiety. In lactation, the rats' behaviour was similar to that in proestrus.


Assuntos
Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Reprodução/fisiologia , Animais , Ansiedade/fisiopatologia , Estimulação Elétrica , Estro , Feminino , Lactação , Atividade Motora , Limiar da Dor , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos Wistar
17.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10822843

RESUMO

The interstrain differences in passive avoidance conditioning were studied in male and female KHA (Koltushi High Avoidance) and KLA (Koltushi Low Avoidance) rats. These strains were selected for the rate of acquisition of active avoidance in a shuttle box. It was shown that the passive avoidance was substantially better acquired in the KLA strain than in the KHA. In females KHA rats the capability for passive avoidance conditioning depended on the estrus phase: the conditioning was impossible in proestrus.


Assuntos
Aprendizagem da Esquiva/fisiologia , Condicionamento Clássico/fisiologia , Ratos Endogâmicos/fisiologia , Caracteres Sexuais , Animais , Estimulação Elétrica , Estro/fisiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Ratos , Tempo de Reação/fisiologia , Especificidade da Espécie , Estatísticas não Paramétricas
18.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11190097

RESUMO

Place learning in Morris place navigation task was studied in male rats of KHA (Koltushi High Avoidance) and KLA (Koltushi Low Avoidance) rat strains. These strains were selected for different rate of acquisition of active avoidance in a shuttle box. At the initial stages of learning and after changing the experimental conditions, the performance of KLA rats was significantly better than that of KHA. Analysis of individual escape latency showed that the latency of the platform finding in the first trial had a significant effect on successful performance in the second trial. This effect was different in KHA and KLA rats. As distinct from KLA, the KHA rats demonstrated more rigid strategy in spatial orientation, the clear-cut thigmotropism was characteristic for their behavior in water.


Assuntos
Aprendizagem da Esquiva/fisiologia , Condicionamento Psicológico/fisiologia , Orientação/fisiologia , Animais , Defecação , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Tempo de Reação , Reflexo de Sobressalto/fisiologia , Especificidade da Espécie , Comportamento Estereotipado/fisiologia
20.
Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova ; 49(6): 1039-45, 1999.
Artigo em Russo | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10693284

RESUMO

Anxiety and motor activity of female white rats in the elevated plus-maze were studied at different stages of the reproduction cycle (estrus, diestrus, pregnancy and lactation). The level of anxiety was lower, and that of locomotor and exploratory activity was higher during estrus and lactation than during diestrus and pregnancy. Exposure to chronic pain of threshold intensity did not induce behavioral changes in pregnant rats. There was no difference between the control and experimental animals in the level of plasma corticosterone.


Assuntos
Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Estro/fisiologia , Aprendizagem em Labirinto/fisiologia , Animais , Ansiedade/fisiopatologia , Estimulação Elétrica , Feminino , Lactação/fisiologia , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Limiar da Dor/fisiologia , Gravidez , Ratos , Estatísticas não Paramétricas
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