Synthesis, morphological analysis, antibacterial activity of iron oxide nanoparticles and the cytotoxic effect on lung cancer cell line.

Focusing on the huge importance associated in developing functional materials, this research study describes the synthesis, characterization of morphology, bactericidal activity and cytotoxic effect of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). IONPs have been successfully fabricated through thermal decomposition of a diiron(III) complex precursor. The morphology of the nanoparticle has been delineated with different spectroscopic and analytic methods. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy (FE-SEM and HR-TEM) analyses estimate the cross linked porous structure of IONPs with an average size ~97 nm. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) study of IONPs determines the hydrodynamic diameter as 104 nm. The cytotoxic behavior of IONPs has been examined against human lung cancer cell line (A549) through different fluorescence staining studies which ensure the mode of apoptosis for cell death of A549. Furthermore, measurement of reactive oxygen species suggests the destruction of mitochondrial membrane of Staphylococcus aureus, leading to effective bactericidal propensity which holds a good promise for IONPs to become a clinically approved antibacterial agent.

Statistical optimization, physio-chemical and bio-functional attributes of a novel exopolysaccharide from probiotic Streptomyces griseorubens GD5.

In this study, we assessed the bio-functional attributes of an exopolysaccharide (EPS) produced by the actinobacterial probiont Streptomyces griseorubens GD5. The EPS production was doubled to 9.50 g/L by varying the concentration of media components using Response surface methodology. The physio-chemical properties of GD5EPS were examined by various analytical techniques. Several functional groups were detected in FT-IR spectra, including ß-glycosidic linkages, hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amide groups. Glucose, galactose, and mannose were detected from NMR spectra whilst the occurrence of arabinose, glucose, galactose, mannose, and xylose, were detected from HPLC chromatogram, signifying that GD5EPS is heteropolysaccharide in nature. The thermogram profile and SEM-EDX spectra of the extracted EPS indicated that it was highly thermo-stable, compact and porous, with flake-like structural units with the elemental composition of C, O, P, Mg, K, Ca, and Na. The GD5EPS also revealed potential antioxidant, emulsifying and antibiofilm efficacies, which corroborated that EPS derived from S. griseorubens GD5 might be a promising food supplement.

The cell aggregating propensity of probiotic actinobacterial isolates: isolation and characterization of the aggregation inducing peptide pheromone.

The auto-aggregating ability of a probiotic is a prerequisite for colonization and protection of the gastrointestinal tract, whereas co-aggregation provides a close interaction with pathogenic bacteria. Peptide pheromone mediated signaling has been studied in several systems. However, it has not yet been explored in prokaryotes, especially actinobacteria. Hence, in the present study, the diffusible aggregation promoting factor was purified from the culture supernatant of a potent actinobacterial probiont and characterized using 20 different actinobacterial cultures isolated from the gut region of chicken and goat. The results showed that the pheromone-like compound induces the aggregation propensity of treated isolates. The factor was found to be a heat stable, acidic pH resistant, low molecular weight peptide which enhances the biofilm forming ability of other actinobacterial isolates. The aggregation promoting factor represents a bacterial sex factor (pheromone) and its characterization confirms its usage in the probiotic formulation.

In vitro probiotic profile based selection of indigenous actinobacterial probiont Streptomyces sp. JD9 for enhanced broiler production.

The present study was undertaken to select exclusive indigenous actinobacterial probiont for broiler health improvement based on in vitro probiotic potentials. In total, 18 actinobacterial cultures isolated from chicken were screened for survivability (resistance to low pH, pepsin, bile and pancreatin), colonization (auto-aggregation, hydrophobicity and co-aggregation) and safety (antibiotic susceptibility and non-haemolytic activity). Ten cultures showed excellent viability at pH 2 and most of the acid-tolerant isolates exhibited resistance to pepsin (3 mg/mL), bile (0.3%) and pancreatin (1 mg/mL). Besides, the examined isolates displayed efficient adhesion properties. All the isolates were susceptible to 9 different antibiotics and none of them exhibited ß-haemolytic activity. Moreover, the culture JD9 revealed remarkable probiotic features compared to the other isolates, which was identified as Streptomyces sp. JD9 (KF878075). Taken together, the present study suggests that the probiont Streptomyces sp. JD9 could potentially be used in broiler practices as a feed additive to facilitate enhanced broiler production.