RESUMO
Minimally invasive surgery has become the gold standard for the treatment of achalasia. The incorporation of robotic technology can improve many limitations of laparoscopic surgery, through, for example, the availability of three-dimensional vision, increasing the degrees of movement, avoiding the fulcrum effect and optimizing ergonomics. The aim of this study was to compare robotic-assisted laparoscopic Heller myotomy (RAHM) with laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) in terms of efficacy and safety. Thirty-one patients with diagnosis of achalasia confirmed by esophagogram and manometry were included. Dysphagia and weight loss were the main complaints in both groups. 18 patients were treated with LHM and 13 patients with RAHM. There was no difference in mean operative time (76 ± 13 vs. 79 ± 20 min; P = 0.73). Intraoperative complications were less frequent in the robotic-assisted procedures (5.5% vs. 0%); however, this was a non-significant difference. 94.5-100% of patients had relief of their symptoms. We conclude that RAHM is a safe and effective procedure. The operative time is no longer than in LHM, but it is necessary to evaluate the technique in randomized clinical trials to determine its advantages in terms of intraoperative complications.
RESUMO
We present a case of a 32-year-old female patient with the diagnosis of gallstone disease and choledocholithiasis. Prior to in vivo surgery, we practiced the critical steps of the procedure using a proposed inert training model. We performed a robot-assisted laparoscopic common bile duct exploration, obtaining one stone. The operating time was 140 min (console time: 120 min) with no complications during the procedure. The patient was discharged 2 days after the operation. Robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery of the common bile duct is a safe and effective procedure and seems to have some benefits over conventional laparoscopic surgery.
RESUMO
Para determinar la capacidad de las evaluaciones realizadas con un modelo de entrenamiento para diferenciar el desempeño entre individuos con diferentes niveles de experiencia, se realizó un estudio en 14 individuos distribuidos en tres grupos con distinto nivel de entrenamiento en cirugía laparoscópica: 5 novatos (A), 5 intermedios (B) y 4 expertos (C), en las tareas colangiografía intraoperatoria, exploración transcística, colocación del tubo de Kehr y coledocoscopia. Se emplearon las pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis y Mann-Whitney para detectar diferencias entre los grupos. Los resultados de la evaluación de la tarea colangiografía intraoperatoria fueron semejantes para todos los grupos. En las otras estaciones el grupo de expertos resultó superior a los otros dos, que no mostraron entre sí diferencias relevantes. Observamos que el modelo es capaz de discriminar entre sujetos que poseen diferente nivel de experiencia en este procedimiento, lo que indica que las habilidades que el mismo evalúa son relevantes en el desempeño del cirujano en la ELVB. El modelo evaluado permite diferenciar entre cirujanos que poseen experiencia en cirugía laparoscopica de vía biliar principal y aquellos que no la tienen, por lo que recomendamos que los individuos en formación lo empleen como herramienta de entrenamiento y evaluación.
To determine the success of the proposed model to distinguish the performance of individuals with different levels of experience, three groups based on their surgery level experience was evaluated: 5 novice (A), 5 intermediate (B), and 4 expert (C) in the tasks of: intraoperative cholangiography, transcystic exploration, t-tube introduction and choledocoscope. Both tests, the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance and the Mann-Whitney significance test, were employed to detect skills differences between the groups. The results of the evaluation on the task for intraoperative cholangiography were similar for all the groups. Yet, on the other tasks the group of experts turned out to be superior to the other two groups, which did not show significant differences between them. We observe that such model is capable of recognizing variations between subjects that possess different level of experience in this procedure, which indicates that the skills that this model evaluates are relevant in the performance of the surgeon in the LCBDE. The evaluated model allows one to differentiate between those subjects who have experience in laparoscopic biliary tract surgery and those that do not have it. It is recommended that those individuals currently schooling should use it as a training and evaluation tool.
