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1.
Pharm. care Esp ; 9(4): 154-168, oct.-dic. 2007. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-147657

RESUMO

El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación fue realizar un estudio cuantitativo de consumo y un estudio cualitativo de tipo indicación-prescripción de antibióticos betalactámicos en el servicio de infectología de un hospital pediátrico mexicano. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y observacional de las prescripciones correspondientes a pacientes ingresados en el servicio de infectología en el periodo de enero a diciembre de 2004 con diagnóstico de infección bacteriana, que recibieron tratamiento con antibióticos betalactámicos durante su estancia hospitalaria. Los betalactámicos prescritos se clasificaron según la Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification (ATC). A partir de la dosis diaria definida (DDD) y de los datos de su consumo durante el periodo de estudio se obtuvo la DDD/100 estancias/día para cada antibiótico. Las prescripciones se clasificaron como racionales o irracionales calificando el grado de adecuación de la farmacoterapia antimicrobiana a las necesidades clínicas del paciente, según ciertas variables que fueron consideradas. El estudio de consumo mostró que los antibióticos betalactámicos tuvieron un consumo, en el 2004, de 55 DDD/100 estancias/día y que, de éstos, los más utilizados fueron ceftriaxona, ampicilina y dicloxacilina. El estudio indicación-prescripción mostró que menos del 25% de las prescripciones en las que se recetó al menos un betalactámico fueron irracionales, de acuerdo con las variables analizadas. Se recomienda la inclusión de los estudios de consumo utilizando el sistema ATC/DDD en las estadísticas internas del hospital puesto que confieren un valor epidemiológico adecuado que permite conocer qué proporción de la población hospitalaria está expuesta a un medicamento o grupo de ellos. Los errores de prescripción identificados en las prescripciones calificadas como irracionales (25%) dan la pauta para el desarrollo de estrategias tendentes a mejorar el uso de antibióticos en el hospital (AU)


The aim of this investigation was to analyze the consumption and to assess the rationality of prescriptions for beta-lactam antibiotics in the service of infectious diseases of a Mexican children’s hospital. A retrospective, observational, descriptive study was conducted by analyzing the prescriptions of patients diagnosed during 2004 as having a bacterial infection and treated with beta-lactam antibiotics in the service of infectious diseases. The betalactam antibiotics prescribed were classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification. Using the defined daily dose (DDD) and the consumption data during the study period, the DDD/100 bed days was calculated for each antibiotic. Prescriptions were classified as rational or irrational according to the appropriateness of the antibiotic therapy for the patient’s clinical needs, considering specific variables for prescription assessment. During 2004, beta-lactam antibiotic consumption in the service of infectious diseases of the hospital was 55 DDD/100 bed days. Ceftriaxone, ampicillin and dicloxacillin were the most widely consumed drugs. The indication-prescription study revealed that, according to the variables used for their assessment, less than 25% of the prescriptions analyzed including at least one beta-lactam antibiotic were irrational. The inclusion of ATC/DDD-based consumption studies in the hospital statistics is recommended since they provide adequate epidemiological information that makes it possible to determine the proportion of the hospitalized population that is exposed to a drug or group of drugs over a period of time. Correction and prevention of the errors found in the prescriptions rated as irrational (25%) should be followed by the development of strategies tending to improve antibiotic use in the hospital (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , beta-Lactamas/uso terapêutico , Doenças Transmissíveis/tratamento farmacológico , Hospitais Pediátricos/estatística & dados numéricos , México , Prescrição Inadequada/estatística & dados numéricos , Prescrições de Medicamentos , Uso de Medicamentos
2.
Salud Publica Mex ; 32(5): 543-51, 1990.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2089629

RESUMO

This study presents the analysis of the prescriptions given 2,782 clinical encounters. These clinical encounters were directly observed and recorded by trained observers in 164 health centers of the Federal District and nine states of the Mexican Republic. It was found that 70.9 per cent of the patients received a drug prescription. Sixty per cent of the compounds prescribed did not belong to the basic list of drugs. An strong influence of advertising by medical agents was detected in the use of some poly-drugs. Some specific needs for training and continued education of the physicians in the first level of care.


Assuntos
Prescrições de Medicamentos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Uso de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , México , Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos
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