Strong vaccine responses during chemotherapy are associated with prolonged cancer survival.

Therapeutic cancer vaccines have effectively induced durable regressions of premalignant oncogenic human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV16)-induced anogenital lesions. However, the treatment of HPV16-induced cancers requires appropriate countermeasures to overcome cancer-induced immune suppression. We previously showed that standard-of-care carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy can reduce abnormally high numbers of immunosuppressive myeloid cells in patients, allowing the development of much stronger therapeutic HPV16 vaccine (ISA101)-induced tumor immunity. We now show the clinical effects of ISA101 vaccination during chemotherapy in 77 patients with advanced, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer in a dose assessment study of ISA101. Tumor regressions were observed in 43% of 72 evaluable patients. The depletion of myeloid suppressive cells by carboplatin/paclitaxel was associated with detection of low frequency of spontaneous HPV16-specific immunity in 21 of 62 tested patients. Patients mounted type 1 T cell responses to the vaccine across all doses. The group of patients with higher than median vaccine-induced immune responses lived longer, with a flat tail on the survival curve. This demonstrates that chemoimmunotherapy can be exploited to the benefit of patients with advanced cancer based on a defined mode of action.

Recombinant human C1-inhibitor for the treatment of acute angioedema attacks in patients with hereditary angioedema.

BACKGROUND: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) results from a genetic deficiency of C1-inhibitor. Two similar independent, randomized, saline controlled, double-blind studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human C1-inhibitor (rhC1INH) as a treatment of acute angioedema attacks in patients with HAE. OBJECTIVE: Analysis of pooled study results. METHODS: Patients with an eligible attack were randomized to a single intravenous dose of rhC1INH or saline. Efficacy was assessed by using patient-reported visual analog scale outcomes, and safety was assessed by using adverse events and immunogenicity of rhC1INH. RESULTS: rhC1INH at 100 (n = 29) and 50 (n = 12) U/kg body weight resulted in a significant reduction for both the primary endpoint time to the beginning of relief of symptoms compared with saline (n = 29): median, 66 (95% CI, 61-122) minutes, 122 (72-136) minutes, and 495 (245-520) minutes, P < .001 and P = .013, respectively; and for the secondary endpoint time to minimal symptoms, median, 266 (242-490) minutes, 247 (243-484) minutes, and 1210 (970-1500) minutes, P < .001 and P = .001, respectively. Therapeutic failure occurred in 59% (17/29) of the saline group compared with 0% (0/12) of the 50 U/kg group and 10% (3/29) of the 100 U/kg group. Treatment-emergent adverse events were unremarkable and tended to be reported more frequently in the saline group. No postexposure antibody responses against rhC1INH or host-related impurities were observed. CONCLUSION: Administration of rhC1INH at 100 or 50 U/kg was highly effective as a treatment of acute attacks in patients with HAE and appeared to be safe and well tolerated.