Using visible light to activate antiviral and antimicrobial properties of TiO2 nanoparticles in paints and coatings: focus on new developments for frequent-touch surfaces in hospitals.

The COVID-19 pandemic refocused scientists the world over to produce technologies that will be able to prevent the spread of such diseases in the future. One area that deservedly receives much attention is the disinfection of health facilities like hospitals, public areas like bathrooms and train stations, and cleaning areas in the food industry. Microorganisms and viruses can attach to and survive on surfaces for a long time in most cases, increasing the risk for infection. One of the most attractive disinfection methods is paints and coatings containing nanoparticles that act as photocatalysts. Of these, titanium dioxide is appealing due to its low cost and photoreactivity. However, on its own, it can only be activated under high-energy UV light due to the high band gap and fast recombination of photogenerated species. The ideal material or coating should be activated under artificial light conditions to impact indoor areas, especially considering wall paints or frequent-touch areas like door handles and elevator buttons. By introducing dopants to TiO2 NPs, the bandgap can be lowered to a state of visible-light photocatalysis occurring. Naturally, many researchers are exploring this property now. This review article highlights the most recent advancements and research on visible-light activation of TiO2-doped NPs in coatings and paints. The progress in fighting air pollution and personal protective equipment is also briefly discussed. Graphical Abstract: Indoor visible-light photocatalytic activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) over TiO2 nanoparticles in paint to kill bacteria and coat frequently touched surfaces in the medical and food industries.

Activation of the manganese(I) tricarbonyl core by selective variation of bidentate ligands (L,L'-Bid = N,N' and N,O donor atom sets) in fac-[Mn(CO)3(L,L'-Bid)(CH3OH)](n) complexes.

A range of fac-[Mn(CO)3(L,L'-Bid)(H2O)](n) (L,L'-Bid = neutral or monoanionic bidentate ligands with varied L,L' donor atoms, N,N' and N,O, 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2'-bipyridine, 2-picolinate, 2,4-quinolinate; n = 0, +1) has been synthesized and the methanol substitution has been investigated for the first time. The complexes were characterized by UV/vis, IR and NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallographic studies of the compounds fac-[Mn(CO)3(Bipy)(H2O)][CF3SO3] () and fac-[Mn(CO)3(Phen)(H2O)][CF3SO3] () are reported. A two order-of-magnitude of activation for the methanol substitution is induced as manifested by the second order rate constants with (N,N'-Bid) < (N,O-Bid). Forward and reverse rate and stability constants from slow and stopped-flow UV/vis measurements (k1, M(-1) s(-1); k-1, s(-1); K1, M(-1)) for pyridine as entering nucleophile are as follows: fac-[Mn(CO)3(Phen)(CH3OH)](+) (2.39 ± 5) × 10(-3), (1.5 ± 0.3) × 10(-5), 159 ± 32; fac-[Mn(CO)3(2,4-QuinH)(CH3OH)] (4.5 ± 0.2), (4 ± 1) × 10(-2), 113 ± 29. Activation parameters (ΔH, kJ mol(-1); ΔS, J K(-1) mol(-1)) from Eyring plots for entering nucleophiles as indicated are as follows: fac-[Mn(CO)3(Phen)(CH3OH)](+) (bromide ions) 66.7 ± 0.6, -27 ± 2; (pyridine) 80 ± 3, -25 ± 11; fac-[Mn(CO)3(Pico)(CH3OH)] (bromide ions) 68 ± 2, -24 ± 5. A dissociative interchange mechanism is proposed.

Tetra-µ(3)-hydroxido-tetra-kis-[tricarbonyl-rhenium(I)] pyridine tetra-solvate.

The title compound, [Re(4)(µ(3)-OH)(4)(CO)(12)]·4C(5)H(5)N, crystallizes with one tetranuclear rhenium(I) cubane-like molecule and four pyridine mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. The coordination environment of each Re(I) atom is distorted octahedral. Four intra-molecular O-H⋯N and four inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen-bond inter-actions are observed. Relatively strong hydrogen bonds are found between the hydrogen-bond donor (µ(3)-OH) and acceptor (basic N atom of pyridine), with N⋯O distances between 2.586 (10) and 2.628 (10) Å. Inter-cube distances of 9.873 (2) and 12.376 (3) Šare observed.

N-Benzyl-isatin.

In the title compound, C(15)H(11)NO(2), two C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds are observed in the crystal structure, as well as π-π stacking with a centroid-centroid distance of 3.623 (2) Å. The planarity of the two ring systems is illustrated by very small deviations of all the atoms from these planes [largest deviations = 0.003 (3) and 0.010 (3) Šfor the phenyl and fused-benzene rings, respectively]. The dihedral angle between these two planes is 77.65 (9)°.

2-(Ammonio-meth-yl)pyridinium sulfate monohydrate.

In the crystal of the title hydrated molecular salt, C(6)H(10)N(2) (2+)·SO(4) (2-)·H(2)O, N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into layers parallel to the ab plane. C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds are observed both within these layers and between mol-ecules and ions in adjacent layers.

5-(Trifluoro-meth-oxy)isatin.

THE TITLE COMPOUND [SYSTEMATIC NAME: 5-(trifluoro-meth-oxy)-1H-indole-2,3-dione], C9H4F3NO3, crystallized with two mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. Inter-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules to form layers parallel to the ab plane. In addition, π-π stacking inter-actions are observed with a centroid-centroid distance of 3.721 (1) Å. The near planarity of the two isatin ring systems is illustrated by by the maximum deviations of 0.023 (1) and 0.025 (1) Šfor the N atom in each case.

(µ(1)-Methano-lato-κ(1)O)-µ(1)-methoxo-κ(1)O-(µ(2)-2-amino-1-methyl-5H-imidazol-4-one-κ(2)N:N')-hexa-carbonyl-dirhenium(I).

In the title compound, [Re(2)(CH(3)O)(2)(CO)(6)(C(4)H(6)N(3)O)], the two Re(I) atoms are linked by a methoxo and methanolato bridge, as well as by a creatinine ligand that coordinates in a bidentate fashion. Three fac-carbonyl ligands occupy the rest of the slightly distorted octa-hedral geometry around each Re(I) atom. The bridging methanolato and methoxo ligands are bent out of the Re(2)O(2) plane by 49.2 (4) and 47.8 (3)° respectively. This is normally associated with a methanolato-bridging-type coordination rather that the more planar methoxo-type bridging. Furthermore, the creatinine bridging molecule is very slightly distorted from the Re(2)N(2)C plane, indicating that the pyrazolo N atom bonded to the Rh(I) atom is not protonated. Charge balance can thus only be attained if one assumes a positional disorder for the methanolato/methoxo H atom. All attempts to locate disordered protons around these O atoms were unsuccessful. Four hydrogen bonds, one N-H⋯O and three C-H⋯O, are observed in the structure. The mol-ecules pack in a head-to-head and tail-to-tail fashion when viewed along the c axis, in alternating columns.

Dipotassium diaqua-bis(methyl-enedi-phospho-nato-κO,O')cobaltate(II).

In the title complex, K(2)[Co(CH(4)O(6)P(2))(2)(H(2)O)(2)], the asymmetric unit contains two K(+) cations and two half-anions in which the Co atoms lie on inversion centers. The Co(II) ions assume an octa-hedral CoO(6) coordination geometry. In the crystal, a three-dimensional network is formed through O-H⋯O hydrogen-bond inter-actions as well as inter-molecular inter-actions between the K(+) cations and neighbouring O atoms.

Di-µ-iodido-bis-[acet-yl(4-methyl-2,6,7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo-[2.2.2]octa-ne)(N-nitroso-N-oxidoaniline-κO,O')rhodium(III)].

The title compound, [Rh(2)(C(6)H(5)N(2)O(2))(2)(C(2)H(3)O)(2)I(2)(C(5)H(9)O(3)P)(2)], contains a binuclear centrosymmetric Rh(III) dimer bridged by iodide anions, with respective Rh⋯Rh and I⋯I distances of 4.1437 (5) and 3.9144 (5) Å. The Rh(III) atom is in a distorted octa-hedral RhCI(2)O(2)P coordination with considerably different Rh-I distances to the bridging iodide anions. There are no classical hydrogen-bonding inter-actions observed for this complex.

Carbon-yl(N-nitroso-N-oxido-1-naphtylamine-κO,O')(triphenyl-phosphine-κP)rhodium(I) acetone solvate.

The title compound, [Rh(C(10)H(7)N(2)O(2))(C(18)H(15)P)(CO)]·(CH(3))(2)CO, is the second structural report of a metal complex formed with the O,O'-C(10)H(7)N(2)O(2) (neocupferrate) ligand. In the crystal structure, the metal centre is surrounded by one carbonyl ligand, one triphenyl-phosphine ligand and the bidentate neocupferrate ligand, forming a distorted square-planar RhCO(2)P coordination set which is best illustrated by the small O-Rh-O bite angle of 77.74 (10)°. There are no classical hydrogen-bond inter-actions observed for this complex.

[Diagnostic alertness to patients having a personality disorder with changing symptoms]. / Diagnostische alertheid bij een persoonlijkheidsstoornis met veranderd symptomenbeeld.

The diagnosis of mood disorders in patients with a personality disorder is complex because there may be a significant overlap of symptomatology between both disorders. A 33-year-old man with a borderline personality disorder, for which he had been treated for several years with marginal success, developed a depression that was not recognised and treated until late. Besides the similarity between the two disorders, emotional and personal factors on the part of the physician played an important role in the failure to diagnose the depression. In such complex situations, the use of practice guidelines may be helpful because these prescribe professional attitudes that, in this case, would probably have prevented the non-recognition of the depression.