A Radiative Chemical Process for the Methylene Blue Degradation by Natural Convective Nanofluid Flow over an Upright Cone.

An upstraight cone with nonisothermal surface velocity, temperature, and concentration was investigated using a numerical solution approach to simulate MHD, MB dye, and various nanofluid flows. Numerical evaluation of the flow field equation was carried out using an excellent finite difference method after it has been converted into a dimensionless form. Different heat transfer occurrences were observed depending on temperature, velocity, and concentration when using several types of nanofluids (TiO, Ag, Cu, and Al2O3Z3). The amount of MB dye that was degraded by the synthesized nanofluids under the influence of sunlight irradiation was 81.40 percent as a catalyst (carbon nanodots). The parametric analysis of various features of flow fields has been shown using graphs. It was observed that heat is generated from the cone during the sun light irradiation reaction, heat is transferred to MB dye containing nanofluids, and heat interacts with nanofluids and is involved in the chemical reaction with the assistance of electrons. As MB dye degrades in the absence of catalysts (carbon nanodots), it is only 52 percent effective. MB dye is degraded at 81.40 percent, then becomes stable, and takes 120 minutes to degrade in nanofluids containing MB dye with catalysts (carbon nanodots).

Fishery resource management with migratory prey harvesting in two zones- delay and stochastic approach.

In this work, we looked at a two-zone aquatic habitat where both prey and predators can access the zones. The prey alternates between two zones at random. The growth of prey in the absence of a predator is believed to be logistic in each zone. The inner steady state is determined. Around the interior steady state, the deterministic model's local and global stability is investigated. Furthermore, a stochastic stability study is performed in the neighbourhood of a positive steady state, using analytical estimates of population mean square fluctuations to investigate the system's dynamics in the presence of Gaussian white noise.

Vibration of symmetrically layered angle-ply cylindrical shells filled with fluid.

Vibrational behaviour of symmetric angle-ply layered circular cylindrical shell filled with quiescent fluid is presented. The equations of motion of cylindrical shell in terms of stress and moment resultants are derived from the first order shear deformation theory. Irrotational of inviscid fluid are expressed as the wave equation. These two equations are coupled. Strain-displacement relations and stress-strain relations are adopted into the equations of motion to obtain the differential equations with displacements and rotational functions. A system of ordinary differential equation is obtained in one variable by assuming the functions in separable form. Spline of order three is applied to approximate the displacement and rotational functions, together with boundary conditions, to get a generalised eigenvalue problem. The eigenvalue problem is solved for eigen frequency parameter and associate eigenvectors of spline coefficients. The study of frequency parameters are analysed using the parameters the thickness ratio, length ratio, angle-ply, properties of material and number of layers under different boundary conditions.

Inhibition of Redox Behaviors in Hierarchically Structured Manganese Cobalt Phosphate Supercapacitor Performance by Surface Trivalent Cations.

The stability and performance of supercapacitor devices are limited by the diffusion-controlled redox process occurring at materials' surfaces. Phosphate-based metal oxides could be effectively used as pseudocapacitors because of their polar nature. However, electrochemical energy storage applications of Mn-Co-based phosphate materials and their related kinetics studies have been rarely reported. In this work, we have reported a morphology-tuned Mn x Co3-x (PO4)2·8H2O (MCP) spinel compound synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method. Detailed physical and chemical insights of the active material coated on the nickel substrate are examined by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, field-emission transmission electron microscopy, and high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. Physiochemical studies reveal that the well-defined redox behavior usually observed in Co2+/Ni2+ surface-terminated compounds is suppressed by reducing the divalent cation density with an increased Co3+ and Mn3+ surface states. A uniform and dense leaflike morphology observed in the MnCo2 phosphate compound with an increased surface area enhances the electrochemical energy storage performance. The high polar nature of P-O bonding formed at the surface leads to a higher rate of polarization and a very low relaxation time, resulting in a perfect square-shaped cyclic voltagram and triangular-shaped galvanostatic charge and discharge curve. We have achieved a highly pseudocapacitive MCP, and it can be used as a vital candidate in supercapacitor energy storage applications.

Phase transition kinetics and surface binding states of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite.

We have presented a detailed analysis of the phase transition kinetics and binding energy states of solution processed methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) thin films prepared at ambient conditions and annealed at different elevated temperatures. It is the processing temperature and environmental conditions that predominantly control the crystal structure and surface morphology of MAPbI3 thin films. The structural transformation from tetragonal to cubic occurs at 60 °C with a 30 minute annealing time while the 10 minute annealed films posses a tetragonal crystal structure. The transformed phase is greatly intact even at the higher annealing temperature of 150 °C and after a time of 2 hours. The charge transfer interaction between the Pb 4f and I 3d oxidation states is quantified using XPS.