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1.
Braz J Infect Dis ; 12(3): 253-6, 2008 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18833412

RESUMO

Viral Hepatitis B, C and D are a serious public health problem in Brazil and other South American countries, mainly in the Amazonian region. Despite the paucity of clinical and epidemiological studies, a high prevalence of Hepatitis viruses has often been described in this area. Genotype F of Hepatitis B and Genotype III of Hepatitis D have been found to be quite prevalent in this area and preliminary studies have implicated both genotypes in carcinogenesis and peculiar pathogenic liver mechanisms. Initial epidemiological studies have further demonstrated a high prevalence of Hepatitis C in the western Brazilian Amazon. The geographic, cultural, ethnic and environmental aspects of this region may favor hepatotropic virus dissemination, as well as rendering difficult the implementation of governmental programs in the treatment of patients and prevention of disease dissemination.


Assuntos
Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Hepatite D/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Humanos , Falência Hepática Aguda/epidemiologia , Prevalência , América do Sul/epidemiologia
2.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 12(3): 253-256, June 2008.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-493657

RESUMO

Viral Hepatitis B, C and D are a serious public health problem in Brazil and other South American countries, mainly in the Amazonian region. Despite the paucity of clinical and epidemiological studies, a high prevalence of Hepatitis viruses has often been described in this area. Genotype F of Hepatitis B and Genotype III of Hepatitis D have been found to be quite prevalent in this area and preliminary studies have implicated both genotypes in carcinogenesis and peculiar pathogenic liver mechanisms. Initial epidemiological studies have further demonstrated a high prevalence of Hepatitis C in the western Brazilian Amazon. The geographic, cultural, ethnic and environmental aspects of this region may favor hepatotropic virus dissemination, as well as rendering difficult the implementation of governmental programs in the treatment of patients and prevention of disease dissemination.


Assuntos
Humanos , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Hepatite D/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Falência Hepática Aguda/epidemiologia , Prevalência , América do Sul/epidemiologia
3.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 5(1): 1-6, jan.-fev. 2007. tab
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: lil-462391

RESUMO

Objetivos: A transmissão vertical é responsável por 35 por cento a 40 por cento dos casos novos de hepatite B, sendo a mais importante forma de transmissão nas áreas de elevada prevalência, pois é por meio dela que o vírus é mantido na população e expõe a pessoa aos quadros crônicos mais graves. O objetivo do estudo é determinar a prevalência da infecção pelo vírus da hepatite B em mães e neonatos de uma maternidade da Amazônia brasileira, assim como descrever as características clínico-epidemiológicas das gestantes portadoras do vírus da hepatite B e dos seus respectivos neonatos. Métodos: É um estudo transversal, realizado em uma maternidade do Rio Branco (Acre). Entre outubro e dezembro de 2003 foram estudadas 283 gestantes e seus recém-nascidos. As amostras foram coletadas dos vasos da placenta, por punção direta das artérias e veia. Foram pesquisados o AgHBs e anti-HBs em todos os pacientes. Resultados: A prevalência de mães AgHBs positivas foi de 2,1 por cento (6/283). O AgHBs foi encontrado em 16 por cento (1/6) das amostras dos seus neonatos. A infecção pelo VHB não se associou ao uso de drogas endovenosas, transfusão sanguínea, realização de sorologia contra a hepatite B no pré-natal e história vacinal contra o vírus da hepatite B. 83 por cento (5/6) das mães portadoras do VHB não sabiam ser portadoras da hepatite B. Conclusões: É elevada a prevalência de mães portadoras do AgHBs nesta região do Brasil, mesmo após o pré-natal. A presença de AgHBs no sangue da artéria umbilical, demostra o papel da transmissão vertical intra-uterina


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/transmissão , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/sangue
4.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 10(5): 317-321, Oct. 2006. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-440689

RESUMO

In the village of Cavunge, located in a dry tropical, semiarid rural region of the state of Bahia, Brazil, a sentinel study on viral hepatitis is underway. We report on the first part of the study. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of serological markers for hepatitis A, B and C in the village. Cross sectional study. Blood samples were tested for serological markers of hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV) and C (HCV) through ELISA-III assay. In HBsAg and anti-HCV carriers, HCV-RNA and HBV-DNA were checked by PCR. The prevalence of anti-HAV IgG was 83.3 percent (1,210/1,452), being higher among residents from the village (87.4 percent) than in residents from the rural area (79.5 percent); it also higher among individuals older than 10 years of age. The prevalence of HBsAg was 2.6 percent (38/1,476), 9.3 percent anti-HBc (137/1,476) and 10.5 percent (155/1,476) anti-HBs of. In more than half (58.1 percent; 90/155) of anti-HBs carriers, this was the only serological marker found. In 3.7 percent of the population, (55/1,476), anti-HBc was the only serological marker found. All HBV carriers were infected by genotype A. Only 0.4 percent (6/1,536) presented anti-HCV antibodies and only one of them was viremic, being infected with genotype 1. The prevalence of patients with antibodies against hepatitis A virus in the village of Cavunge was high, but the prevalence of B virus was moderate, with only genotype A among HBV carriers. The prevalence of C virus was very low, contrasting with the situation in large Brazilian urban centers.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Hepatite A/diagnóstico , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/sangue , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Genótipo , Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Prevalência , População Rural
5.
J Gastroenterol Hepatol ; 21(5): 863-8, 2006 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16704537

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B is endemic in the Amazon region. METHODS: Serological markers for hepatitis B virus (HBV) were determined in 266 household members for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive women (G1) and 395 household members for HBsAg-negative women (G2), randomly selected in Acre State Women's Medical Care Program, in order to evaluate the prevalence of HBV in this population. Before blood sample collection an epidemiological questionnaire was applied. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of HBV carriers (HBsAg) and exposed individuals (anti-HBc, IgG) was, respectively, 21.1% and 60.5% in G1 and 2.8% and 27.4% in G2 (P < 0.0000001). The frequency of HBsAg was higher among siblings from group G1 (75%) compared to the absence of any HBsAg-positive sibling in G2 (P < 0.00006). The HBV markers in other family members was as follows: G1 parents, 27.3% vs 4.5% (P < 0.03), sexual partners, 21.1% vs 2.5% (P < 0.04), and offspring, 10.4% vs 1.5% (P < 0.04). A low prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBc (IgG) was observed for the last offspring of G2 mothers compared to the high prevalence among children of G1 mothers (0% vs 18.2%, P < 0.01 and 2.3% vs 59.1%, P < 0.0000005, respectively), with children younger than 1 year being the most affected. The frequency of the habit of sharing toothbrushes and the presence of at least one HBsAg carrier were higher in G1 than in G2 (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.000002), respectively. Genotypes A, D and G were found to be predominant by Innolipa test. There were cases that reacted to more than one genotype. CONCLUSION: Intrafamilial transmission of HBV is evident in the present study and is possibly associated with the presence of more than one HBV carrier in the family and the shared use of toothbrushes among household contacts. Genotype analysis confirms intrafamilial transmission.


Assuntos
Vírus da Hepatite B , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Família , Feminino , Hepatite B/imunologia , Hepatite B/transmissão , Vírus da Hepatite B/imunologia , Vírus da Hepatite B/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/imunologia , Prevalência
6.
Braz J Infect Dis ; 10(5): 317-21, 2006 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17293918

RESUMO

In the village of Cavunge, located in a dry tropical, semiarid rural region of the state of Bahia, Brazil, a sentinel study on viral hepatitis is underway. We report on the first part of the study. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of serological markers for hepatitis A, B and C in the village. Cross sectional study. Blood samples were tested for serological markers of hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV) and C (HCV) through ELISA-III assay. In HBsAg and anti-HCV carriers, HCV-RNA and HBV-DNA were checked by PCR. The prevalence of anti-HAV IgG was 83.3% (1,210/1,452), being higher among residents from the village (87.4%) than in residents from the rural area (79.5%); it also higher among individuals older than 10 years of age. The prevalence of HBsAg was 2.6% (38/1,476), 9.3% anti-HBc (137/1,476) and 10.5% (155/1,476) anti-HBs of. In more than half (58.1%; 90/155) of anti-HBs carriers, this was the only serological marker found. In 3.7% of the population, (55/1,476), anti-HBc was the only serological marker found. All HBV carriers were infected by genotype A. Only 0.4% (6/1,536) presented anti-HCV antibodies and only one of them was viremic, being infected with genotype 1. The prevalence of patients with antibodies against hepatitis A virus in the village of Cavunge was high, but the prevalence of B virus was moderate, with only genotype A among HBV carriers. The prevalence of C virus was very low, contrasting with the situation in large Brazilian urban centers.


Assuntos
Hepatite A/diagnóstico , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/sangue , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Genótipo , Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Prevalência , População Rural
7.
J Hepatol ; 43(5): 854-62, 2005 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16098625

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The molecular mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis remain largely unknown. Previous studies suggest that activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is important during hepatocyte transformation but the role of Frizzled receptor (FZD) in this process has not been defined. Here we investigate activation of this pathway by FZD using transgenic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) murine models. METHODS: We employed single (c-myc, SV40-Tag) and established double [insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1/c-myc) and hepatitis Bx protein (X/c-myc)] transgenic lines and all developed HCC. Expression of 9 FZD was measured by real time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Phosphorylation and cellular accumulation of beta-catenin were assessed in both dysplastic tissue and tumors. We investigated the effect of a dominant negative (DN) FZD7 on TCF transcriptional activity in a SV40 derived HCC cell line. RESULTS: FZD7 was highly overexpressed at the mRNA and protein level(s) in HCC and occurred in dysplasia. Upregulation of FZD7 was associated with reduced phosphorylation of beta-catenin and led to nuclear accumulation in HCC tumors. Ectopic expression of a DN FZD7 construct decreased TCF transcriptional activity in tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that upregulation of FZD7 receptors in association with activation of the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is a common molecular event in HCC.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Oncogenes , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , beta Catenina/metabolismo , Animais , Fracionamento Celular , Receptores Frizzled , Hepatócitos/citologia , Hepatócitos/fisiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Fosforilação , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , beta Catenina/genética
8.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop ; 38(4): 290-3, 2005.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16082473

RESUMO

The association of hepatitis C virus infection and the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis mansoni has been claimed to result in the concomitant evolution of the two pathologies, with a poor prognosis due to aggravated liver disease. Recently, however, some authors have begun to reject the hypothesis of a higher susceptibility of hepatosplenic schistosomal patients to HCV. The aim of the present transverse study carried out between July and August 1990 was to determine the possible association between SM and HCV markers in residents of Catolândia, Bahia State. Anti-HCV markers were assayed by ELISA-II and RIBA-II in serum samples obtained from 1,228 residents (85.8%). The anti-HCV antibody (ELISA-II) was positive in six (0.5%) individuals, eight (0.6%) cases were inconclusive and 1,214 (98.9%) were negative. However, only in one ELISA-positive serum sample (0.08%) were antibodies confirmed by RIBA-II, while two other samples assayed by RIBA-II were indeterminate. These three patients presented the hepatointestinal form of SM during the follow-up period (1976 to 1996). In conclusion, no association was observed between HCV and SM in the endemic area studied, especially among patients with the hepatosplenic form of the disease.


Assuntos
Doenças Endêmicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Hepacivirus/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite C/sangue , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Esquistossomose mansoni/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Distribuição por Sexo
9.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 38(4): 290-293, jul.-ago. 2005. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-411499

RESUMO

Alguns autores passaram a rejeitar a hipótese da maior susceptibilidade dos equistossomóticos com a forma clínica hepatosplênica ao vírus da hepatite C, justificando que a associação foi descrita em pacientes hospitalizados ou acompanhados em serviços de saúde e, conseqüentemente, mais expostos à transmissão destes vírus, durante os procedimentos diagnóstico e/ou terapêuticos. Desse modo, o objetivo foi verificar se há ocorrência de associação da esquistossomose mansônica e marcador do VHC em moradores de Catolândia (Bahia, Brasil). Neste estudo transversal, os anticorpos anti-VHC foram pesquisados (ELISA-II) em 1.228 (85,8%) moradores, com os seguintes resultados: Seis (0,5%) soropositivos, oito (0,6%) inconclusivos e 1.214 (98,9%) soronegativos. Todavia, somente em um soro ELISA-positivo (0,08%) os anticorpos foram confirmados pelo RIBA-II e dois outros (ELISA-II positivos) apresentaram RIBA-II indeterminado esses três casos, durante período de seguimento (1976 1996), sempre tiveram a forma hepatointestinal da esquistossomose mansônica. Em conclusão a hipótese de associação entre a esquistossomose mansônica e o VHC nesta área endêmica foi rejeitada, especialmente entre os portadores da esquistossomose mansônica com a forma clínica hepatosplênica.


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Endêmicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Hepacivirus/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite C/sangue , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Esquistossomose mansoni/epidemiologia , Distribuição por Idade , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , Prevalência , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Distribuição por Sexo
10.
J Hepatol ; 42(5): 736-43, 2005 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15826724

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is known to be chemoresistant to anticancer drugs due to the multidrug resistant (MDR) transporters expression. Here, we compared in vitro and in vivo the anti-tumor efficacy of doxorubicin-loaded polyisohexylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles (PIHCA-Dox) versus free doxorubicin (Dox). These nanoparticles are known to overcome the MDR phenotype. METHODS: We first determined in vitro the 50% inhibition concentration (IC(50)) of these drugs on different human hepatoma cell lines. Secondly, the efficacy of the drugs in vivo was determined on the X/myc transgenic murine model of HCC by histological counting of apoptotic tumorous hepatocytes and by TUNEL labeling. We characterized by semi-quantitative RT-PCR the MDR-related gene (mdr1, mdr3, mrp1) expression pattern in this model. RESULTS: In vitro, IC(50) was reduced with PIHCA-Dox versus Dox for Huh7 (1.7-fold reduction; P<0.001), HepaRG (4.5-fold reduction; P<0.01), HepG2 (1.5-fold reduction; P<0.001), and HepG2.2.15 (1.5-fold reduction; P=0.059). In vivo, HCC in transgenic mice overexpressed the mdr1 and mdr3 genes and the antitumor drugs efficacy was greatly enhanced after injection of PIHCA-Dox (9.0+/-5.0%; n=15) versus Dox (4.6+/-3.3%; n=13; P=0.01) for apoptotic bodies count. CONCLUSIONS: These promising data showing a higher anti-tumor efficacy on HCC of PIHCA-Dox versus Dox, warrant further studies in both animals and humans.


Assuntos
Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Cianoacrilatos , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Genes myc/genética , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Transgênicos , Proteína 2 Associada à Farmacorresistência Múltipla , Proteínas Associadas à Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos/genética
11.
GED gastroenterol. endosc. dig ; 24(2): 57-61, mar.-abr. 2005. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-427872

RESUMO

The association of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis mansoni (SM) has been claimed to result in the concomitant evolution o the two pathologies, with a poor prognosis due to aggravated liver disease. Recently, however, some authors have begun to reject the hypothesis of a higher susceptibility of hepatosplenic schistosomal patients to HCV. The aim of the present transverse study carried out between July and August 1990 was to determine the possible association between SM and HCV markers in residents of CatoLândia, in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Anti-HCV markers were assayed by ELISA-II and RIB-II in serum samples obtained from 1,228 residents (85.8 por cento).The anti-HCV antibody (ELISA II) was positive in six (0,5por cento) individuals, eight (0.6por cento) cases were inconclusive, and 1,214(98.9por cento) were negative. However, only in one ELISA-positive serum sample (0.08por cento) were antibodies confirmed by /RIBA-II, while two other samples assayed by RIBA-II were indeterminate. These three patients presented the hepatointestinal form of SM during the follow-up period (1976 to 1996),In conclusion, no association was observed between HCV and SM in the endemic area studied especially among patients with the hepatosplenic form of the disease


Assuntos
Criança , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Adolescente , Estudos Transversais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Hepatite C , Esquistossomose mansoni
12.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 37(4): 213-6, out.-dez. 2000. graf, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-286402

RESUMO

The genomic diversity of HCV embraces 6 genoptypes and at least 52 subtypes with clinical and epidemiological correlations. There is a paucity of studiens assessing HCV genotypes and biomolecular epidemiology in Brazil. We studied genotypes distribution and epidemiological aspects in 232 HCV carriers, 133 ( 57,9 per cent) males and 99 (42,1 per cent) females, followed in the liver disease referral unit in Salvador, BA, northeastern Brazil. All of them were anti-HCV positive by 3rd generation ELISA assay, and HCV infection showed that 93 (40 per cent) had past blood transfusion, 14 (6 per cent) intravenous drug use, 19 (8 per cent) inhalation of cocaine, 28 (12 per cent) tattooing, 15 (7 per cent) were health care workers, 5 (2 per cent) had reused disposable syringes, 5 (2 per cent) had multiple risk factors and in 53 (23 per cent) no risk factor was determined.Genotypes 1a was observed in 75 (32 per cent), 1b in 72 (31 per cent), 3a in 61 (26 per cent), 2b in 14 (6 per cent): 5 (2.5 per cent) had mixed genotypes and 5 (2.5 per cent) were undetermined. Patients with genotype 1 had a higher mean age (P<0.05) and no particular risk factors were associated with a specific genotype. Genotype 1 largely predominates in northeast Brazil followed by genotype 3 which, in this population, does not seem to be related to intravenous drug abuse, in contrast to some European studies. Although 80 porcentage of the Salvador population comprise African-Brazilians, no Africa genotype was identified, which way mean that HCV was introduced into this region via European immigration. This study demonstrated some peculiarities of HCV epidemiology in Brazil and strongly suggests that HCV introduction to this region was probably related to European immigration.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , População Negra/genética , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Emigração e Imigração , Genótipo , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco
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