Generalización en el manejo del dinero mediante un entrenamiento en relaciones de equivalencia / Generalization of money-handling though training in equivalence relationships

El procedimiento de igualación a la muestra y el aprendizaje por equivalencias se ha utilizado en múltiples tareas educativas y de lenguaje. En este estudio se presenta una aplicación de las relaciones de equivalencia en el manejo del dinero con varios tipos de monedas de euro. Han participado 16 niños en total (8 en Grupo Experimental y 8 en grupo control) de 5 años de edad. Se realizaron evaluaciones pre y post en ambos grupos de las conductas prerrequisitas, la identificación y el manejo de las diferentes monedas de euro. El Grupo Experimental realizó un entrenamiento en una tarea de equivalencias con igualación a la muestra con fotos de monedas de euro equivalentes entre sí; y el grupo control no realizó tal entrenamiento. Los resultados mostraron una equivalencia con gran variabilidad en los niños del Grupo Experimental. Sin embargo, en este grupo se produjo un cambio mayor estadísticamente significativo, y una generalización más elevada tanto en la identificación como en el manejo de monedas de euro. Se discuten las implicaciones educativas y las características del procedimiento aquí utilizado para conseguir las equivalencias (AU)

This research used a matching-to-sample procedure and equivalence learning process with language and verbal tasks. In the study, an application of the equivalence relationship of money was used with several kinds of euro coins presented. The sample consisted of 16 children (8 in the experimental group and 8 in the control group) aged 5 years. The prerequisite behaviors, the identification of coins and the practical use of different euro coins, were assessed in the pre and post phases for both groups. The children in the experimental group performed an equivalence task using the matching-to-sample procedure. This consisted of a stimulus sample and four matching stimuli, using a series of euro coins with equivalent value in each set. The children in the control group did not undergo this training process. The results showed a large variability in the children’s data of the equivalence tests. The experimental group showed the greatest pre and post changes in the statistically significant data. They also showed a greater generalization in the identification of money and in the use of euro coins than the control group. The implications for educational training and the characteristics of the procedure used here for coin equivalence are discussed (AU)

[Generalization of money-handling though training in equivalence relationships]. / Generalización en el manejo del dinero mediante un entrenamiento en relaciones de equivalencia.

This research used a matching-to-sample procedure and equivalence learning process with language and verbal tasks. In the study, an application of the equivalence relationship of money was used with several kinds of euro coins presented. The sample consisted of 16 children (8 in the experimental group and 8 in the control group) aged 5 years. The prerequisite behaviors, the identification of coins and the practical use of different euro coins, were assessed in the pre and post phases for both groups. The children in the experimental group performed an equivalence task using the matching-to-sample procedure. This consisted of a stimulus sample and four matching stimuli, using a series of euro coins with equivalent value in each set. The children in the control group did not undergo this training process. The results showed a large variability in the children's data of the equivalence tests. The experimental group showed the greatest pre and post changes in the statistically significant data. They also showed a greater generalization in the identification of money and in the use of euro coins than the control group. The implications for educational training and the characteristics of the procedure used here for coin equivalence are discussed.

Novedades en el Tratamiento Conductual de Niños y Adolescentes / Development of Behavior Therapy with Children and Adolescents

Este trabajo expone cinco nuevas formas de tratamiento conductual en niños, adolescentes y sus padres. Se describe la Terapia de Interacción Padres-hijos como una terapia nueva dedicada al manejo de conductas. Además, se describen las aplicaciones en este ámbito de la Psicoterapia Analítica Funcional y la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso (ACT) que forman parte de la tercera generación de Terapia de Conducta. También se analizan dos terapias que han recibido una influencia clara de esta nueva ola de terapia, la Terapia Familiar Integrativa y la Terapia de Desactivación Modal. Finalmente, se concluye y analiza lo que aportan cada una (AU)

This paper outlines five new types of behavior therapy with children, adolescents and their parents. The Parent-Child Interaction Therapy is described as a new therapy for behavior management. Then, Functional Analytic Psychotherapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) are described as third generation applications of behavior therapy. Two additional therapies that have been influenced by this new wave of therapy are also discussed –the Integrative Family Therapy and the Mode Deactivation Therapy. As a conclusion, contributions of all these therapies are summarized (AU)