Characteristics of Rheoencephalography and some Associated Factors on Menopausal Women.

The significant drop in estrogen levels during menopause increases the cardiovascular risks, one of which is cerebrovascular atherosclerosis. Research on rheoencephalography (REG) parameters for the early diagnosis of cerebrovascular atherosclerotic lesions is of great interest to scientists because of its ease of implementation, low cost, and non-invasiveness. The objectives of study are to evaluate the vascular tone, cerebral circulation flow in each hemisphere of the brain of menopausal women, and some associated factors through waveform characteristics and parameters in REG. A controlled cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on a group of patients including 80 menopausal women and a control group of 46 menstruating women. All patients were measured REG in the frontal-occipital leads by VasoScreen 5000 impedance REG meter. In menopausal women, the percentage of sharp waves, the percentage of clear side waves, and the average REG were all lower than in the control group (p<0.01). The mean conduction time and mean slope ratio was lower than the control group (p<0.001). The mean peak time was higher than the control group (p<0.01). The mean elasticity index (alpha/T) was higher than the control group (p<0.001). Menopausal women have increased vascular tone, the highest in the group of women 50-60 years old, menopause <5 years, having a habit of eating red meat; and decreased blood flow intensity, the highest in the group of women <50 years old. However, the difference was statistically significant only in the left hemisphere (p<0.05). Vascular hypertonia in menopausal women with central obesity was higher than in the non-obese group in both hemispheres (p<0.05). In conclusion, menopausal women had atherosclerosis in both hemispheres of the brain, which was clearly shown in the rate of increased vascular tone. Central obesity may increase the risk of vascular hypertonia 3.75 times in the right and 5.44 times in the left hemisphere.

Brunner's gland hyperplasia associated with lipomatous pseudohypertrophy of the pancreas presenting with gastrointestinal bleeding: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Brunner's gland hyperplasia (BGH) is a rare benign lesion of the duodenum. Lipomatous pseudohypertrophy (LiPH) of the pancreas is an extremely rare disease. Because each condition is rare, the probability of purely coincidental coexistence of both conditions is extremely low. CASE SUMMARY: We report a 26-year-old man presenting to our hospital with symptoms of recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a huge pedunculated polypoid lesion in the duodenum with bleeding at the base of the lesion. Histopathological examination of the duodenal biopsy specimens showed BGH. Besides, abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed marked fat replacement over the entire pancreas, confirmed by histopathological evaluation on percutaneous pancreatic biopsies. Based on the radiological and histological findings, LiPH of the pancreas and BGH were diagnosed. The patient refused any surgical intervention. Therefore, he was managed with supportive treatment. The patient's symptoms improved and there was no further bleeding. CONCLUSION: This is the first well-documented case showing the coexistence of LiPH of the pancreas and BGH.

The Role of Lung Ultrasonography in Etiologic Diagnosis of Acute Dyspnea in a Resource Limited Setting.

The aim of the current study was to describe lung ultrasonography (LUS) characteristics and to evaluate the agreement between LUS and chest radiography (CXR) in diagnosis of four conditions causing most acute dyspnea in children, namely, pneumonia, pleural effusion, pneumothorax and acute pulmonary edema in children at a teaching hospital in Vietnam. We reviewed the records of the chidren between January and June 2018, who presented to emergency department (ED) or pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) at children hospital 1 (CH1) with acute dyspnea and had final diagnosis of one of four etiologies including pneumonia, pleural effusion, pneumothorax and acute pulmonary edema. All patients underwent CXR and LUS at the time of admission. Eighty-one children with acute dyspnea including pneumonia (n=65, 80%), pleural effusion (n=9, 11%), pneumothorax (n=3, 4%) and acute pulmonary edema (n=4, 5%) were enrolled. LUS was identified among 100% of cases with pleural effusion and pneumothorax (CXR only showed 73.3% and 50%, respectively); 92.3% of cases with pneumonia (CXR showed 93.8%) and only 75% of cases with acute pulmonary edema (CXR showed 50%). When comparing LUS with CXR, we noticed a good agreeement between the 2 methods in the diagnosis of pneumonia (kappa=0.64, p<0.001). LUS was shown to be a feasible and non-invasive technique which can help clinicians to comfirm the etiology of acute pulmonary dyspnea.