[Reconstruction surgical procedures for iatrogenic injuries to the ureter. Examples of uncommon, however successful approaches to their management]. / Rekonstrukcní operace po iatrogenním poskození mocovodu--príklady méne obvyklých avsak uspesných resení.

The authors present several less usual reconstructions of ureters after the primary iatrogenic lesions. The appropriate ureteric capacity to drain the urine after previous injury is quite demanding and hence before the definitive decision is made the wholesome health status of the patient is to be considered and all possible solutions should be weighted. The efficient primary urinary diversion above the lesion is unavoidable. The genuine reconstruction could be deferred by several weeks or months in the view that in some cases the least invasive (endourologic) methods can completely avoid the need of open surgery in difficult adhesions after previous major surgery.

[Hormone therapy in advanced and generalized carcinoma of the prostate]. / Hormonální lécba u pokrocilého a generalizovaného karcinomu prostaty.

The prostate grows and functions within a multihormonal environment. It consists of androgens, oestrogens, gonadotrophins, gonadotrophin-releasing hormones and gestagens. Growth factors are produced under the influence of androgen stimulation. We show all possibilities of androgen deprivation of advanced and metastatic prostate cancer.

[Ureterocystoplasty--ureteral augmentation of the urinary bladder]. / Ureterocystoplastika--ureterální augmentace mocového mechýre.

The method of choice in the surgical treatment of neurogenic dysfunctions of the lower urinary pathways is to use the ureteral wall for augmentation of the urinary bladder. The advantage of the method is that it rules out risks and complications encountered in techniques using an excluded intestinal or gastric segment (mucus formation, metabolic disorders, malignant transformation, uroinfection, urolithiasis). The author presents the case-history of a 28-year-old man with a neurogenic bladder due to surgery of meningomyelocele during childhood.

[Problems with indications for extracorporeal lithotripsy in urolithiasis]. / Indikacní problémy extrakorporální litotrypse urolitiázy.

Extracorporeal lithotripsy is a modern noninvasive method for the treatment of urolithiasis. The morphological and functional state of the urinary pathways, the localization of concrement and their size and number call in 35% of the patients for additive and auxiliary operations. Such comprehensive treatment can be provided by departments where all methods for the treatment of lithiasis are readily available. Repeated lithotripsy and combined therapeutic methods of more complicated conditions protract hospitalization and reduce the number of patients. The authors tested in more than 2500 lithotripsies the possibility to apply this treatment in the great majority of lithiases. However, because of the limited capacity they had to reduce the spectrum of indications to a minimum. Retardation of treatment by a protracted waiting period could damage the patient and it is then better to indicate another therapeutic approach; or to provide adequate treatment. We hope that patients who will need treatment after a year's time, will have the opportunity to be treated sooner by lithotriptors which should be installed before long in other departments.