[Immunochemical characteristics of the population structure of antibody-producing cells in experimental influenza]. / Immunokhimicheskaia kharakteristika struktury populiatsii antiteloobrazuiushchikh kletok pri éksperimental'nom grippe.

The authors presented the results of population study of specific IgG-antibody-forming cells (AFC) in the pool of mice splenocytes performed in the time-course of simulated influenza with the help of experimental mathematical approach which permitted making a detailed observation of the functional structure of the population and analysing the changes in the spectrum of the AFC subpopulations in the time-course of viral disease. Mathematical simulation of the main stage of immunopointed identification of AFC on +nitrocellulose filters (NCF) permitted the verification of the ratio between the characteristic features of the spots on the NCF and the number and affinity of cell-secreting IgG antibodies. New data are obtained on the formation of the population of +virus-specific IgG-AFC which are featured by discreteness of the AFC +affinity ++ spectrum, cyclic changes in their activity and shifts in the stages of the AFC subpopulation activity. The authors substantiated the necessity to revise the existing theoretical models of the formation of humoral immune response to viral infections.

[Humoral cycle as a mechanism providing autoregulation of the processes of the immune system (theoretical model)]. / Gumoral'nyi tsikl kak mekhanizm, obespechivaiushchii avto- reguliatsiiu protsessov immunnoi zashchity (teoreticheskaia model').

The author presents a hypothesis on a possible mechanism of autoregulation of the immune response maturation in simulated influenza. A theoretical model describing a cyclic process of so-called "humoral cycle" which provides a directed selection of immunocompetent cells' clones and physiologic limitation of cytotoxic reactions. Possible features of humoral cycle function are considered in the concrete experimental examples. The author demonstrated possible mechanisms of immunological barrier violation in synthesis of big amounts of high affinity + antibodies to antigens of causative agent. Possible application of the theoretical model suggested in immunological studies is considered.

[Study of biological equilibrium in the body in viral infection of different degree of severity (on the model of influenza)]. / Biologicheskoe ravnovesie v organizme pri virusnoi infektsii raznoi tiazhesti (na modeli grippa).

The authors made a comparative analysis of the contribution to the outcome of the disease by realization of information of viral genome and host responses in the time-course of simulated lethal and nonlethal mice influenza. They studied the effect of ionol, pathogenetic antioxidant, prevention and depicted absolutely new features of the diseases severity and outlined possible points of effective drug application. The suggested scheme of the time-course measurement of viral involvement of the host body and the formation of its responses could be recommended in the study of mechanisms of the viral infection development and the activity of antiviral agents.

Molecular forms of ceruloplasmin in hepatolenticular degeneration and their interaction with human erythrocyte ceruloplasmin receptor.

Immunochemical methods were used to show that the sera of homozygous and heterozygous carriers of the Wilsonian gene contain, together with normal ceruloplasmin (CP), a CP-like protein that differs from CP in its enzymatic, immunological, and physicochemical properties. The CP-like protein was isolated from the sera of patients with hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD) by means of affinity chromatography, and monospecific antibodies to this protein were obtained. The presence of an 80 kDa immunoreactive polypeptide specific to the CP-like protein was demonstrated by immunoblotting with antibodies to normal CP and monospecific antibodies to the CP-like protein. Analysis of the ratios of the molecular forms of CP in homozygous and heterozygous carriers of the Wilsonian gene indicated that this ratio reflects the dosage of the mutant gene. The kinetic parameters of the interaction of these proteins with the CP-specific receptor on the erythrocyte membranes from healthy individuals and from patients with Wilson's disease (HLD) were determined. The CP receptor on erythrocyte membranes in HLD patients is not altered and its interaction with normal CP has the same kinetic parameters as the binding of normal CP to the erythrocyte receptors from healthy individuals. The CP-like protein also retains the ability to bind to the CP-specific receptor but the ligand-receptor complex is less stable than in the case of normal CP. The possible mechanism of the molecular heterogeneity of CP in the Wilsonian mutation is discussed.

[The role of fibronectin in the streptococcal adhesion process]. / Rol' fibronektina v protsesse adgezii streptokokkov.

The work shows that fibronectin obtained from human plasma is capable of binding with streptococci of different groups with almost equal effectiveness. Fibronectin bound to bacterial cells inhibits the adhesion of group A streptococci onto vaginal cells, but it produces no effect on the adhesion of group B streptococci. The binding constant of fibronectin 125I is equal to 10(6) -M-1, which indicates that the level of the specificity of interaction is not sufficiently high.

[Study of general principles of humoral immune response in viral infection by sample analysis of the properties of specific immunoglobulins]. / Issledovanie obshchikh zakonomernostei gumora'lnogo immunnogo otveta pri virusnoi infektsii posredstvom diskretnogo analiza svoistv spetsificheskikh immunoglobulinov.

Humoral immunity in murine experimental influenza was specified using experimental mathematical modelling intended for further systemic analysis of dynamics of immunological processes. The methodology of the proposed approach was based on the choice of affinity as an indicator of the function of specific antibodies, and on the concept of discrete functional structure of the immune system. The data were obtained by calculating affinity and antibody heterogeneity indices and by evaluating the distribution of functions by affinity. The successions of active antibody subpopulations with affinities varying in the course of infection and the presence in the plasma of protein fractions capable of low-affinity binding with influenza virus in non-infected animals were demonstrated. The relationship between the detected plasma protein populations and corresponding antibody-producing cells was confirmed. The mathematical modelling results were verified by physicochemical and immunochemical methods. The mechanisms by which the observed phenomena may be realized were considered from the viewpoint of the current theory of immunity.

[Differentiated study of specific antibody populations as a possible way to increase the prognostic value of indicators of humoral immunity in influenza]. / Differentsirovannoe izuchenie populiatsii spetsificheskikh antitel kak vozmozhnyi pu't povysheniia prognosticheskoi znachimosti poka- zatelei gumora'lnogo immuniteta pri grippe.

The article overviews the literature and original research data on the ways to increase the informative value of assessed parameters of the humoral immune response to viral disease formation. The need to analyse the heterogeneity of specific IgG class antibodies by their affinity index and to determine the level of circulating specific immune complexes is discussed. It is demonstrated that the value of the humoral immunity studies in influenza-virus infection may be significantly increased by investigating not only the accumulation of circulating immunoglobulins of various classes but the antibody affinity within its class and by assessing the proportions of circulating and immune-complex-bound antibodies. This allows for considering the humoral immunity as a constituent of the interrelated and interdependent immunity mechanism complex.