Double-shelled, rattle-architecture covalent organic framework: harnessing morphological manipulation for enhanced synergistic multi-drug chemo-photothermal cancer therapy.

Morphological modulation in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with particular emphasis on the correlation between structure and target applications in biomedical fields, is currently in its early stage of evolution. Herein, a multifunctional rattle-architecture imine-based COF with a mobile core of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and an outer polydopamine (PDA) shell, tailored for cancer treatment, has been developed to effectively integrate dual responsive release capabilities with the potential for multiple therapeutic applications. The engineered COF displays outstanding crystallinity, a suitable size and precisely controlled morphological characteristics. By leveraging COF and PDA attributes, the successful co-delivery of hydrophilic doxorubicin (DOX) and hydrophobic docetaxel (DTX) within discrete compartments is achieved responsive to both pH and near-infrared triggers. Designed nanocarrier outperforms prior COFs with a superior 83.7% DOX loading capacity, thanks to its expansive internal space and porous shell. Taking advantage of the inclusion of Au core and the concurrent presence of COF and PDA outer shells, the nanocarrier exhibits a significant photothermal-conversion capability. The rattle-architecture double-shelled Au@RCOF@PDA were functionalized with poly(ethylene glycol)-folic acid (PEG-FA) to confer the system with active-targeting capability and enhanced biocompatibility. Through in vitro and in vivo evaluations, the designed system demonstrates an exceptional synergistic anti-tumor effect, along with favorable biosafety and histocompatibility. This study not only sheds light on the remarkable merits offered by regulating the morphology of COF-based systems in cancer therapy but also highlights the potential for synergistic therapeutic approaches in advancing cancer treatment strategies.

Facile synthesis of hollow spherical g-C3N4@LDH/NCQDs ternary nanostructure for multifunctional antibacterial and photodegradation activities.

Heterojunction nanostructure construction and morphology engineering are considered to be effective approaches to improve photocatalytic performance. Herein, ternary hierarchical hollow structures consisting of cobalt-aluminum-layered double hydroxide (CoAl-LDH) nanoplates grown on hollow carbon nitride spheres (HCNS) and decorated with N-doped carbon quantum dots (NCQDs) were prepared using a templating method and a subsequent solvothermal process. The obtained HCNS@LDH/NCQD composites presented an improved performance in photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline and inactivation of E. coli compared with pure HCNS and LDH under visible light illumination. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the designed photocatalyst could be attributed to the following reasons: (1) A special hollow structure provides more active sites and has multiple capabilities of light reflection by helping with a high specific surface area that improves the harvesting efficiency of solar light and (2) the strong synergistic effect among the constituents, which promotes separation and transfer of charge carriers and broadens the photo-response range.

An ultrasensitive fluorescence sensor for determination of trace levels of copper in blood samples.

A novel SBA-15-based fluorescent sensor, SBA-PI: mesoporous SBA-15 structure modified with iminostilbene groups, was designed, synthesized, and characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), low-angle X-ray diffraction techniques (low-angle XRD), and N2 adsorption-desorption techniques. The SBA-PI as a sensor with a selective behavior for detection of Cu2+ comprises iminostilbene carbonyl as the fluorophore group. The SBA-PI sensor displays an excellent fluorescence response in aqueous solutions and the fluorescence intensity quenches remarkably upon addition of Cu2+. Other common interfering ions even at high concentration ratio showed either no or very small changes in the fluorescence intensity of SBA-PI in the absence of Cu2+. A limit of detection of 8.7 × 10-9 M for Cu2+ indicated that this fluorescence sensor has a high sensitivity and selectivity toward the target copper (II) ion. The fabricated Cu2+ sensor was successfully applied for the determination of the Cu2+ in human blood samples without any significant interference. With the selective analysis of Cu2+ ions down to 0.9 nM in blood, the sensor is a promising and a novel detection candidate for Cu2+ and can be applied in the clinical laboratory. A reversibility and accuracy in the fluorescence behavior of the sensor was found in the presence of I¯ that was described as a masking agent for Cu2+. Graphical abstract.