[Sacral magnetic stimulation in overactive bladder syndrome: comparative analysis of protocols with a frequency of 1 and 5 Hz]. / Sakral'naya magnitnaya stimulyatsiya pri sindrome giperaktivnogo mochevogo puzyrya: sravnitel'nyi analiz protokolov s chastotoi 1 i 5 Gts.

Peripheral magnetic stimulation (pMS) has shown its effectiveness in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms, such as symptoms of an overactive bladder (OAB). The perineal region (pelvic floor) and the sacral roots area (projection S3 of the root) are used as the locus of stimulation. The published literature presents protocols with different parameters of stimulation, while each of them reliably demonstrates clinical efficacy, however, no comparative studies have been found to select priority stimulation modes when analyzing available sources. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of different frequency - 1 and 5 Hz - modes of sacral MS in patients with symptoms of OAB. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A single blind prospective randomized comparative clinical study included 59 patients with OAB symptoms. The patients were divided by simple randomization into the group 1 (n=30), which received MS 3 times a week for 5 weeks with a frequency of 1 Hz per sacral root area (S2-S4), and the group 2 (n=29), in which stimulation was performed at a frequency of 5 Hz, while the remaining parameters and duration of therapy were identical to group 1. RESULTS: Sacral pMS with different frequency modes (1 and 5 Hz) is reliably equally effective against the clinical symptoms of OAB, which is confirmed by the absence of significant intergroup differences. In patients receiving MS with a frequency of 5 Hz, there was a more pronounced increase in maximum cystometric capacity, normalization of the maximum and average urine flow velocity and regression of the residual urine volume (p<0.001, p=0.007, p=0.011 and p=0.012 compared with group 1). The greatest difference in indicators was observed in the increase in the maximum cystometric capacity - +31±25 ml at MS with a frequency of 1 Hz and +109±96 ml at MS with a frequency of 5 Hz (p<0.001). MS is a safe procedure and is well tolerated by patients. CONCLUSION: pMS when exposed to the area of S2-S4 roots for 20 minutes 3 times a week with a course for 5 weeks is reliably effective against the clinical symptoms of OAB at different frequency modes (1 and 5 Hz). At the same time, MS with a frequency of 5 Hz may have an advantage over stimulation of 1 Hz in terms of its effect on urodynamic parameters (maximum cystometric capacity, peak and average urine flow velocity and residual urine volume), which may be associated with a large inhibitory effect on detrusor.

[Consumption of dentures fixing agents and their impact on the oral mucosa of the prosthetic bed]. / Osobennosti potrebleniya sredstv dlya fiksatsii zubnykh protezov i ikh vliyanie na slizistuyu obolochku proteznogo lozha.

The aim of the study was to assess the state of the mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed, the features of fixation of removable dentures taking into account the sex and age of the patients, as well as the determination of the feasibility of using dentures fixing agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical and sociological study was conducted involving 283 (130 men and 153 women) patients aged from 45 to 92 years. All patients had acrylic removable dentures on one or both jaws. If patients had complaints about insufficient fixation of the denture, they were recommended to use a prosthesis fixing cream for daily use. After 14 days, patients were examined again for the dynamics of complaints, as well as changes in the mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed. RESULTS: Regardless of gender and age group patients using partial and complete dentures rarely (in 4.3% of cases) used dentures fixing agents, although 40.8% had poor fixation and (or) stabilization of removable acrylic partial and full dentures, and in 51.9% of cases inflammatory changes of the mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed were detected. Correction of removable dentures, as well as daily use of a denture fixation cream, made it possible within two weeks to reduce by 72.5% of patients complaints about poor fixation and (or) stabilization of removable dentures, as well as to eliminate existing inflammatory changes in 86.4% of patients.

[Organization and maintenance features of IncP-7 naphthalene degradation plasmid pFME5 basic replicon].

A basic replicon of the naphthalene degradation plasmid pFME5 (80 kb, IncP-7) has been constructed and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence of pFME5mini is almost identical to replicons of the pND6-1 subgroup, which was separated based on the reA-oriV homology in our previous work. The basic replicon of pFME5 is capable of replication and stable maintenance exclusively in Pseudomonas species. An analysis of the deletion mutation indicated that, in contrast to the parWAB region, the parC gene is not essential for the stability of pFME5mini and can be a common feature of IncP-7 replicons. We revealed that par-defective mutants of pFME5mini were slowly eliminated from the bacterial population in a nonselective medium compared to their pCAR1-based counterparts. Designed primers specific to the repA and parC genes can be used to detect IncP-7 plasmids, while primers specific to two variants of parA can be used for intragroup classification.

[IncP-7 plasmids' classification based on structural diversity of their basic replicons].

The structural diversity of basic replicons and repB gene of the IncP-7 plasmids' collection was firstly assessed on the basis of PCR, restriction analysis and partial sequencing. It has been revealed that DNA fragment containing gene for UvrD-like helicase RepB is a part of all known P-7 replicons, but often serves as hot place for diverse IS-elements invasion. The first system of P-7 plasmids' classification has been worked out on the basis of determined repA-oriV-par WABC nucleotide divergency. Most degradation plasmids established to be belonging to large beta-subgroup, streptomycin resistance plasmid Rms148 (IncP-7 archetype)--to alpha-subgroup, carbazole degradation plasmid pCAR1 and NAH/SAL-plasmids from pY-line (Yamal oil deposits)--to gamma-subgroup and CAP-plasmid pBS270 with potentially reduced P-7 replicon--to delta-subgroup. It has been observed that the type of IncP-7 basic replicon molecular organization does not correlate with fixed phenotypic character in most cases, that is plasmids encoding different phenotypic markers could be members of the same P-7 subgroup.

[The new gene encoding TrfA-type replication initiator has been found on caprolactam/salicylate degradation plasmid pBS270].

The mini-replicon of pseudomonads' caprolactam/salicylate degradation plasmid pBS270 (105 kb, contains incompatibility determinants of P-7 group) has been obtained and its nucleotide sequence has been determined. The new gene encoding TrfA-like replication initiator has been found on this replicon. Poor homology of this replication initiator with known proteins of TrfA-family allows us to classify obtained replicon as IncP-1-like. The pBS270mini reveals chimeric nature.

[scpA the new salicylate hydroxylase gene localized on salicylate/caprolactam degradation plasmids].

Both caprolactam and salicylate biodegradation by Pseudomonas salicylate/caprolactam degraders is controlled by large conjugative plasmids (SAL/CAP). Some of these plasmids determined to be the members of IncP-7 group. The new salicylate 1-hydroxylase gene (scpA) on SAL/CAP-plasmids has been detected and partially sequenced. Gene scpA was equally related to closest homologs nahG (NAH7), salA (P. reinekei MT1) and nahU (pND6-1), but identity of scpA to these genes did not exceed 72-74%. Synthesis of salicylate 1-hydroxylase ScpA was not induced by salicylate. This enzyme had wide substrate specificity and exhibited highest specific activity with 4-methylsalicylate and nonsubstituted salicylate. Besides pseudomonad's salicylate degradative conjugative plasmids without "classical" nah2-operon and harboring only salicylate 1-hydroxylase gene nahU have been firstly described.

[The structure of replication initiation region of Pseudomonas IncP-7 streptomycin resistance plasmid Rms148].

Pseudomonads' IncP-7 plasmids make significant contribution to the environmental biodegradative potential and sometimes harbour antibiotic resistance genes. More than 30 years plasmid Rms148 is used as archetypal P-7 plasmid in microbiological incompatibility tests. However, the structure of its basic replicon was not described up to now, as well as phylogenetic relationships between all known plasmids within the IncP-7 group were not studied. In the frames of this work we have constructed two primer pairs to amplify main components of P-7 replication initiation region, and subsequent screening of repA intragenic polymorphism was made using laboratory collection of IncP-7 plasmids. Minimal replicon of Rms148 was constructed and its nucleotide sequence was determined to be identical to repA-oriVof known P-7 plasmids on 81-83% and forming separate branch on appropriate phylogenetic tree. Additionally, repA seems to be more conservative between group members compared with putative oriV region. Deduced amino acid sequence and predicted secondary and tertiary structures of Rms148 RepA protein allow us to make assumption about similar to unclassified cryptic plasmid pPS10 model of replication initiation for IncP-7 group members.

[Cellular aspects of regulation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappabeta) transcriptional activity in sensory neurons in vitro].

Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) controls the expression of multiple anti/proapoptotic genes, including those in the nervous cells. Intranuclear deacetylation and acetylation events are implicated in the regulation of NF-kappaB transcriptional activity. The goal of the work was to demonstrate the transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB in the sensory neurons in vitro and to find out whether NF-kappaB activity could be controlled by modification of acetylation processes, using a transgenic line of NF-kappaB reporter mice in which activation of NF-kappaB drives the expression of the lac-z gene. We show that the expression of the reporter gene was absent in transgenic neurons cultured in normal growth medium or stimulated by TNF-alpha. However, NF-kappaB transcriptional activity in most neurons was induced by in vitro exposure to Trichostatin A, which is a specific inhibitor of histone deacetylases. Taken together our results show that the transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB is limited in sensory neurons due to a transcriptional repression mechanism mediated by histone deacetylases.

[Transcriptional activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) in posttraumatic sensory neurons (histochemical study)].

Nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) is a ubiquitous nuclear transcription factor that regulates the expression of a number of genes involved in cell survival, immune and inflammatory processes. It has been hypothesized that after nerve injury, the release of specific cytokines may provide a stimulus for activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB in adult dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons exerting the protective effect on the sensory neurons. However, the complexity of this transcription factor has led to some misleading conclusions about NF-kappaB signalling in injured DRG neurons. The goal of the present study is to find out whether NF-kappaB is involved in the transcriptional regulation of genes in adult primary sensory neurons after peripheral nerve transection. In this series of experiments, we used a transgenic line of NF-kappaB reporter mice in which activation of NF-kappaB drives the expression of the lac-z gene. We show that the expression of beta-galactasidase (beta-gal) is not detected in injured DRG neurons and contralateral neurons. However, a strong beta-gal expression was detected in the muscle at the injury site. It may reflect the repressive influence of additional signalling cascades on NF-kappaB activity in sensory neurons.

Posttraumatic activity of signal pathways of nuclear factor κB in mature sensory neurons.

The aim of this study was to clear out whether injury to the peripheral nerve leads to activation of nuclear factor κB in mature spinal ganglia. Analysis of matrix RNA of nuclear factor κB-dependent genes (monocyte chemoattractant protein MCP-1 and inhibitor of nuclear factor κB IκBα) showed different levels of expression of these genes in the spinal ganglia in vivo after axotomy and in vitro after TNF-α stimulation. On the other hand, DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor κB increased in the spinal ganglia 6 h after axotomy and after 10-min incubation of sensory neuron culture with TNF-α. These data attest to possible involvement of nuclear factor κB in the posttraumatic regulation of gene transcription in spinal ganglion cells.

Development and characterization of Thy*IκBα-SI transgenic mice.

We developed and characterized a new transgenic model where NF-κB activity is inhibited only in mature neurons. Transgenic mouse strain Thy*IκBα-SI was created using trans-dominant super inhibitor NF-κB (IκBα-SI), which is a multimutant form of IκBα inhibitory protein cloned into specific neutral Thy-1.2 cassette. Detailed molecular analysis showed that the transgene and its product (IκBα-SI protein) are expressed in the nervous system of transgenic mice. In situ hybridization showed that Thy*IκBα-SI in the nervous system is expressed exclusively in neurons. The developed model provides wide opportunities for studying functional role of NF-κB in mature neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system in vivo.

[Bone marrow as an organ of erythrocyte destruction in hematological disorders].

Bone marrow of patients with hematological diseases contains a great number of erythroclasic clusters characterized by exocytic lysis of the constituent erythrocytes by cluster-forming myelocaryocytes including erythrocaryocytes. The content of erythroclasic clusters with exocytic lysis of erythrocytes varied from 21% of total erythroclasic clusters in bone marrow of patients with aplastic anemia to 81% in bone marrow of patients with an active phase of acute lymphoblastic leukemia showing high intensity of hemolysis in the bone marrow. Most intensive lysis of erythrocytes in erythroclasic clusters took place in the bone marrow of patients in an active stage of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. At the time of the investigation tens of thousands of erythrocytes were undergoing destruction in erythroclasic clusters in one mcl of bone marrow of such patients. These findings confirm the idea of the bone marrow as an organ of erythrocyte destruction.

[Effect of naphthalene biodegradation plasmids on physiological characteristics of rhizospheric bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas].

Specific growth rate, duration of the lag phase, stability of plasmids, and activities of the key enzymes involved in naphthalene biodegradation were studied in rhizospheric pseudomonades carrying structurally similar plasmids pOV17 and pBS216. It was demonstrated that these plasmids determined various levels of catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activities. The structural rearrangements in the plasmid pBS216 could "switch off" the genes of catechol oxidation meta-pathway. It was shown that certain combinations of biodegradation plasmids and bacterial hosts, such as Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1391(pBS216), P. chlororaphis PCL1391(pOV17), and P. putida 53a(pOV17), were considerably more efficient than natural variants in their growth characteristics and stability of the biodegradation activity, having a potential for bioremediation of soils polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

Effect of bacterial endotoxin on secretion and synthesis of vasopressin during saline load in rats.

Secretion and synthesis of vasopressin was studied in adult male Wistar rats receiving lipopolysaccharide in a dose of 250 microg/100 g body weight and subjected to moderate osmotic stimulation (2% NaCl perorally for 6 days). Lipopolysaccharide stimulated secretion of vasopressin into the blood. It should be emphasized that the content of vasopressin mRNA in gigantocellular nuclei of the hypothalamus decreased, which probably reflected intensification of its translation. The observed changes and slight increase in transcription of the vasopressin gene (determined by the content of heterogeneous nuclear RNA) provide intensive secretion of this neurohormone into the blood.

[Evolutionary aspects of a stress reaction]. / Evoliutsionnye aspekty stressornoi reaktsii.

Interconnections between the integrative systems, such as nervous, endocrine, and immune ones, are clearly seen during a stress response. The sources of such a cooperation should be sought at the earliest stages of evolution of multicellular organisms. The paper deals with the main points of the formation of a stress response and the development of the systems involved in this process. Based on the data available in the literature and their own findings, the authors conclude that just primitive multicellular organisms, such as coelenterates, have hemolymph cells (chemocytes) that combines the properties of all regulatory systems of more highly organized species. However, the need for such cells no longer arises afterwards. Glucocorticoids, one of the major stress hormones, show up during the development of a stress response relatively late--in fish. While in fish, the production of ACTH and glucocorticoids in the pituitary cells is under urotensin control, this function belongs to corticotropin-releasing hormone of pituitary origin in more advanced animals. The predominant value of corticotropin-releasing hormone simultaneously occurs with the development of the pituitary portal vascular system. Such transformations lead to the formation of the hierarchically arranged neuroendocrine axes that are responsible for showing a stress response, on the one hand, and to the development of qualitatively new interactions between the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems, on the other.

[Vasopressin and inflammation]. / Vasopressin i vospalenie.

At least three vasopressinergic brain systems are involved in inflammatory reaction. The first one is VP neurons of the bed nucleus of stria terminalis, projecting to antipyretic center in the preoptic forebrain region. The second system is neurons of the parvocellular subnucleus of the hypothalmic paraventricular nucleus. VP from these neurons reaches portal blood through the external zone of the median eminence. VP potentiates the effect of corticotropin releasing hormone on ACTH cells in the anterior pituitary. Synergetic modulation of pituitary-adrenal axis by these neurohormones maintains synthesis and release of glucocorticosteroids. The latter plays crucial role as endogenous immunosuppresants. The third VP system is magnocellular hypothalamic neurons that release vasopressin into general circulation. Systemic VP is capable of compensating the water lost caused by symptoms of inflammation. The review is devoted to analysis of current information concerning physiology and interactions between these systems during acute and chronic inflammation. The special reference has been made on the magnocellular neurons and the role of circulating vasopressin in the renal function regulation.

[Mechanism of ovarian follicle selection for ovulation]. / Mekhanizmy selektsii ovarial'nykh follikulov dlia ovuliatsii.

Mechanisms of ovarian follicles selection for ovulation remain incompletely deciphered. Studying mechanisms of transmission of hormonal stimulatory and inhibitory signals to follicular histion somatic cells may assist in progress in this area of knowledge. The present study was aimed to detect a-subunits of G proteins (common, stimulatory, inhibitory) involved in transmission of hormonal signals to intracellular effectors and phospholipase C, initiating phosphatidyl inositol mechanism of hormonal stimuli transmission, in cryostat sections of follicles using indirect immunolabeling. A-common subunit to labeling index of granulosa layer cells correlating with the phase of follicle development was identified. A direct relationship between phospholipase C activity in granulosa layer cells of antral follicles and their size was demonstrated as well. The perspective of research in this area and their significance for the development of the theory of follicle selection is discussed.