[Determination of polioksin B in the air environment and in washouts from skin of operators by HPLC].

Polyoxin B being an effective inhibitor of synthesis of chitin of the cell wall of many phytopathogenic fungi, is recommended as a fungicide for control of phytopathogenic organisms that cause damage to crop. For the determination of the exposure of employees working with pesticides there was developed the method of the measurement of concentrations of polyoxin B in air of working area, atmospheric air of populated areas and washouts from the operators ' integuments, based on high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector (detection wavelength of270 nm), including sampling air environment in the sorption tube ORBO-44, filled with sorbent XAD-2, extraction of the sorbent with polyoxin by a mixture of carbinol-water (in a ratio of 95:5,on volume), washout from the surface of the skin with ethyl alcohol by way of washing, concentrating, quantitative chromatographic analysis. Lower limits of the quantification ofpolyoxin B in the air ofworking area - 0.2 mg/m at the aspiration of 2 dm of air, atmospheric air - 0.016 mg/m at the aspiration of 25 dm of air, in washouts from the operators' integuments - 0.4 pg/wash, the linear range of the defined concentrations accounted for of 0.2 - 2.4 pg/cm, the total error of measurement of the concentrations of polyoxin B in air is 17%; in washouts from the operators' integuments - 16%. The developed method was approbated for the determination of polyoxin in samples of air of working zone, atmospheric air within the sanitary gap, washouts from the operators ' integuments and air drift samples taken under processing of roses in the hothouse and in the monitoring of the phytosanitary condition of the plants every other day after treatment.

[The method of multicomponent determination of herbicides of various chemical classes in water].

In the work there are considered results of the development of the multicomponent method of measurement of concentration of herbicides of various chemical nature under their joint presence in the water. There was justified the optimality of application of HPLC-DAD (the working wavelength of 240 nm) for the determination of levels of 10 active ingredients of herbicides of class of sulfonylurea (metsulfuron-methyl, nikosulfuron, sulfometuron-methyl, thifensulfuron-methyl, triflusulfuron-methyl), imidazolinone (imazapyr, imazethapyr), 2,6-Bis[(4,6-dimethoxy-2- pyrimidinyl)oxy]benzoic acid (bispyribac acid), triazol-pyrimidines (Penoxsulam), a benzoylpyrazole compound (Topramenzone). For the concentrating and cleaning of samples of water there were used cartridges for solid-phase extraction of Oasis HLB - the macro porous copolymer made on the basis of the balanced ratio of 2 monomers - lipophilic divinylbenzene and hydrophilic N-vinylpirrolidone. The range of the detected concentrations in water was volatile between 0.0005 and 0.005 mg/L, values of standard deviation vary in the range of 1.8-3.9%. Chlorine-containing acidic herbicides were analyzed by the method of GC-ECD and GC-MS (IE) after preliminary converting of compounds into flying derivatives with the use of diazomethane. Satisfactory extraction of substances from a water sample may be achieved by classical extraction in the system "liquid-liquid" with the application of Methyl tert-butyl ester. For cleaning of the derivatized sample there were used cartridges for solid-phase extraction on the basis of silica gel. The range of the determination of 9 active ingredients referring to classes of phenoxy-acetic acid (2,4- D, MCPA), pyridinecarboxylic (aminopyiralid, picloram, clopyralid), benzoic acids (dicamba), benzothiadiazinone (bentazone), biphenyl ester (acifluorfen) and a chloroacetamide (acetochlor) - 0.0001-0.001 mg/L, SD values vary in the range of 1.8-33%.

[Micromorphological features of Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quel. and P. ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. strains in pure and binary culture with yeasts].

Micromorphology of oyster mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) Quel. and P. pulmonarius (Fr.) Quel. was studied in pure and binary culture with yeasts (Cryptococcus laurentii 1629, Rhodotorula minuta 2790, Sporidiobolus salmonicolor (see text for symbol) 31A-11, Candida krusie 3452, Pichia holstii 3438). The cultures were cultivated on malt-agar and water agar. Various mycelial structures were described: strands, rings, thin searching mycelium, clamps, crystals, head-like offshoots, mycelial fragments, chlamydospores, and coralloid hyphae. Vegetative mycelia interact in different ways (forming anastomoses, strands, system of thin anucleate hyphae) within the same culture. Head-like offshoots of mycelial cells, previously regarded as spores of asexual reproduction, appeared to lack nuclei and to be filled with polyphosphates. Coralloid hyphae, which induce yeast cell lysis after direct contact, were detected only in binary culture with yeasts under condition of nitrogen deficit. The same way of feeding is typical for carnivorous mushrooms.

[DNA quantification in nuclei of cultivated mushroom with DAPI staining]. / Kolichestvennoe opredeleniie DNK v iadrakh shampin'ona dvusporovogo pri okrashivanii reaktivom DAPI.

Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach is actively cultivated amphithallic basidiomycete, in which various strains are primary homothallic, heterothallic or secondary homothallic. Countings of relative nuclear DNA content by means of DAPI stain and its comparison in different strains can help to understand the mushroom's life cycle features. The authors for the first time observed change of nuclear phases in basidia of A. bisporus strains with different types of life cycle and revealed that DNA content in diploid nuclei is about 1.3 times higher than in haploid ones. The method is highly sensitive and can be used for quantitative measurings of nuclear DNA even in objects with nuclei of about 1 mkm in diameter.

[Acid-base equilibrium, blood gases and glycolysis during modeling of the factors of extravehicular activities]. / Kislotno-shchelochnoe ravnovesie, gazy krovi i glikoliz pri modelirovanii faktorov vnekorabel'noi deiatel'nosti.

The effect of factors simulating extravehicular activities (lower barometric pressure, 100% oxygen breathing, physical load on the upper body, head-down body position) on blood gas composition, acid-base equilibrium, and glycolysis end-products was investigated in 17 test subjects. It was found that 5-hour exposure did not change physiological responses to test workloads, when compared to the baseline studies. In the simulation studies, changes in acid-base equilibrium of venous blood were more significant than those of mixed capillary blood. The variations of the parameters under study reflected primarily the effect of hyperoxia on metabolic processes. The head-down position affected the level of variations in gas composition and acid-base equilibrium of venous blood. These changes were transient and rapidly returned to the norm after termination of the exposure.