[Phyto pharmacological correction of functional state, hormonal status and memory productivity in patients of different ages with organic changes of brain vessels.]

The course intake of the nutritional supplement «Kardisten¼ normalizes increased levels of cortisol in the blood, optimizes the activity of the vessels of the brain, improving the functional state and leading to an increase in the productivity of short-term and long-term memory, more pronounced in the group of persons up to 50. At initial organic changes in the brain vessels, «Kardisten¼ significantly reduces the level of cortisol, increases to a greater extent the productivity of memory than at atherosclerosis. «Kardisten¼ activates the natural mechanisms of increasing the functional capabilities of an organism, exerting a beneficial effect on the body of adults and the elderly people, and can be recommended for the correction of physical, mental health and preservation of active longevity.

[Biochemical parallels of cellular adaptive reactions at chronic low-intensity irradiation and action of phitoecdysteroid preparation serpisten].

Comparison of action of chronic γ-irradiation at a dose of 22.6 cGy and the serpisten substance containing phitoecdysteroids at small doses of 5 and 50 mg/kg on biochemical indicators in erythrocytes and tissues of white not purebred mice is given. It is established that in both cases there is an increase of minor fractions of cardiolipin and phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidilcholin and a share of phospholipids as part of common lipids. Course administration of serpisten to rats at the total doses of 12 and 30 mg/kg leads to an increase in tissues of thermal shock proteins of family 70 (Hsp70 and Hsc70). Similarity of action of ecdysteroid preparations and the influence of stress factors of physical nature of low intensity (gamma radiation at a small dose) have been detected in mice, which manifest themselves in some chain links of lipid peroxidation processes as well as an increase in biosynthesis of thermal shock proteins of family 70 (Hsp70 and Hsc70) in rats at administration of serpisten.

Study of behavioral parameters during learning of rats in an operant feeding task and evaluation of biochemical indexes after dietary consumption of the phytoecdysteroid extract.

Experiments on rats were performed to study the process of operant feeding learning, locomotor activity, oxygen consumption, and concentrations of corticosterone, ß-endorphin, and prostaglandin E in blood serum after dietary treatment with the phytoecdysteroid extract. Administration of phytoecdysteroids was followed by the improvement of learning and increase in oxygen consumption and locomotor activity. Locomotor activity and oxygen consumption in the majority of control rats and phytoecdysteroid-treated animals were shown to be interrelated with the total locomotor activity and goal-directed operant behavior, respectively. No significant differences were found in the concentration of hormones in blood serum from animals of the control and treatment groups.

[Phytoecdysteroids influence on the hormonal status and apoptosis in growing rats].

The impact of the 15-day consumption of Serratula coronata extract containing phytoecdysteroids on some indicators of hormonal status and activity of apoptosis in various organs of growing male Wistar rats (initial body weight 127.8 +/-2.5 sigma) has been studied. The extract from the leaves of Serratula coronata was added to the water of animals of experimental groups 2 and 3 (n = 8 in each group) daily at the dose of 5 and 15 mg phytoecdysteroids per kg of body weight respectively. Animals of the control group 1 (n = 8) received water alone throughout the experiment. Daily volume of drunk fluid was recorded. At the 15th day of the experiment animals were taken out using the decapitation under the light ether anesthesia. The content of corticosterone, prostaglandin E2 and beta-endorphin in rat blood plasma were determined by ELISA test. Plasma level of noradrenaline was determined by HPLC. DNA damage and percentage of apoptotic cells (apoptotic index) were measured in isolated cells of the thymus, heart and brain by single-cell gel electrophoresis (the comet assay). Significantly lower concentration of norepinephrine was detected in plasma of experimental animals from groups 2 and 3 (10.3 +/- 1.1 and 7.2 +/- 0.8 ng/ml, respectively) compared to the same index in the control group (20.4 +/- 3.4 ng/ml). Significant differences of other biochemical parameters for all groups of animals have not been identified. Statistical significant difference in the ratio of corticosterone/norepinephrine compared with control animals was detected for a group of rats consumed the highest dose of phytoecdysteroids. There was no statistically significant difference in DNA fragmentation and apoptosis index in animals consumed phytoecdysteroids in compare with the control group of animals. The absence of the activity of apoptosis in cells of the heart, brain and thymus of rats treated with phytoecdysteroid extract may indicate the safety of its use in the diet of the animals.

[Effect of intragastrically injection of phytoecdysteroids on some indicators of hormonal status in rats].

The experiment in vivo in growing male Wistar rats was carried out. The animals of the experimental 2-4 groups were daily intragastrically injected water solutions of the dried extract from the leaves of Seratulla coronata L. in volume of 1.0 ml, containing 2, 20 and 50 mg of phytoecdysteroids per kg of animal weight, accordingly. Animals of control group were daily injected 1.0 ml of water. The content of phytoecdysteroids in the dry extract was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The concentration of the sum of phytoecdysteroids in dry extract was 6.15%, 66% of which was 20-hydroxyecdysone and 23% was 25S-inokosteron. On the 15th day animals were taken out of the experiment by the decapitation. The content of corticosterone, prostaglandin E2 and beta-endorphin in rat blood plasma were determined by ELISA test. The pathological--anatomical analysis and weighing of the liver did not reveal any adverse changes of this organ in the animals of all groups. The average concentration of blood plasma corticosterone reduced with increasing of the dose of the extract injected to the animals, reaching significant differences relative to the control group (60.9 +/- 9.4 ng/ml) for 3 and 4 groups (22.7 +/- 6.6 and 17.6 +/- 7.3 ng/ml, accordingly). Beta-endorphin and prostaglandin E2 levels did not differ. The ratio of the mediator of stress (corticosterone) and inhibitors of stress (beta-endorphin and prostaglandin E2) has been calculated. A monotonic decrease of corticosterone/beta-endorphin and corticosterone/prostaglandin E2 ratio has been found with extract dose increasing. Taken together the results of determination of biochemical parameters of the general adaptation syndrome the dose-dependent stress-protective effect of Seratulla coronata L extract has been demonstrated.

[20-Hydroxyecdysone--plant adaptogen: an anabolic effect, possible use in sports nutrition].

In the review the presentation about plant adaptogens--biologically active compounds is given. Its administration can help to achieve non-specific state of high resistance. The hypothetical mechanism of action: adaptogens are prostressors, reducing excessive increase of stress mediators in the following stress exposure. The features of adaptogenic effect of phytoecdysteroids, polyhydroxylated sterols, which are analogs of hormones of molting and metamorphosis of arthropodas, and are structurally similar to glucocorticoids on the example of the most widely studied phytoecdysteroid--20-hydroxyecdysone--are described. The results of studies of anabolic action of 20-hydroxyecdysone in experiments on laboratory animals and the possible explanation (existing in the modern scientific literature) of the mechanism of this phenomenon are discussed. Scientific publication testifying on the application of phytoecdysteroids to remove chronic fatigue syndrome, reducing nerve and muscle fatigue, improve memory and attention processes are presented. The prospects of using the 20-hydroxyecdysone in the composition of food supplements and specialized products for athletes are discussed.

[The influence of ecdysteroid fraction from Serratula coronata on transmembrane ionic currents of snail neurons].

Changes of the transmembrane potassium, calcium, and sodium ion currents in isolated neurons of Lymnaea stagnalis snail under the action of ecdysteroid fraction (serpisten) from Serratula coronata L. applied from outside in 0.01 -1000 microg/ml concentrations have been studied using the voltage-clamp technique. It is established for the first time that serpisten non-selectively activates the potassium and calcium ion currents (the currents amplitude increases by 2 - 15%) and reduces nonspecific membrane leakage currents in the entire range of concentrations. The sodium ion current also increased by 4 - 7% under the action of Serpisten in low concentrations (0.01 -10 microg/ml) in comparison with control, but this current decreased by 5 -10% at serpisten concentrations of 100 and 1000 microg/ml. The effects were reversible. The kinetics of currents was not changed under the action of serpisten.

20-hydroxyecdysone as a human lymphocyte and neutrophil modulator: In vitro evaluation.

20-hydroxyecdysone (1 microM) was found to activate in vitro T-cell CD2 presentation, which is suppressed both in secondary immunodeficient persons and pharmacologically by increasing intracellular cAMP levels. The compound was found to act like a synthetic psycho-immunomodulator 1-oxy-4-oxoadamantane (1 microM) and to exceed the effects of the thymomimetic agent levamisol (1 microM). In addition, 20-hydroxyecdysone (1 microM) was also revealed to modulate the fluoride-stimulated respiratory burst of human neutrophils in the same manner as water soluble antioxidants. Arch.

[The ecdysteroid fraction of the above-ground portion of Serratula coronata L. in the spontaneous E-rosette formation reaction and the agar migration test in vitro]. / Ekdisteroidnaia fraktsiia nadzemnoi chasti Serratula coronata L. v reaktsii spontannogo E-rozetkoobrazovaniia i agarmigratsionnom teste in vitro.

Reaction of E-rosette formation and agar migration test in vitro showed that small concentrations (7.5.10(-13) -7.5.10(-8) M) of phytosteroid ecdysterone (20-hydroxyecdysone) induce the activation of human lymphocytes. The effect of higher concentrations (7.5.10(-7) -7.5.10(-5) M) is less pronounced (two-phase effect).

The interaction of block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and their polymer-protein conjugates with lipids.

The interaction of block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with lipid structures-monolamellar and multilamellar vesicles from egg yolk lecithin and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine-was studied by differential scanning calorimetry, light scattering, and electron spin resonance. Copolymers with different ratios of hydrophilic: hydrophobic portions, numbers of polymers, and arrangements or positions of the blocks, as well as conjugates of polymers with proteins, were used. Peculiarities in the macromolecular structure of the copolymers influence the character of their interactions with lipids. The effects of copolymers which become incorporated into the lipid bilayer are compared with that of polyethyleneglycol which influences lipid structure in an indirect manner.

[Oblique-transverse approach to the extrahepatic bile ducts]. / Kosopoperechnyi dostup k vnepechenochnym zhelchnym protokam.

A new access to extrahepatic bile ducts is proposed which keeps the lateral abdominal muscles and intercostal vascular-nervous plexuses intact. The spatial conditions of the access were studied experimentally in 108 corpses. The clinical assessment was tested in 102 operations in comparison with the Kocher access. The oblique-transversal access was found to have advantages from the clinico-physiological viewpoint as well (the development of the postoperative period, restoration of the external respiration function and the function of the abdominal wall muscles).