Features of the Humoral Response to Infection, Vaccination, and Revaccination during COVID-19.

IgM and IgG antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 virus are detected in subjects who have recovered from COVID-19; IgM antibodies persist in a 1/3 of infected subjects up to 12 months from the moment of the disease, while IgG antibodies are present in the vast majority of cases (97%; medium and high levels antibodies were registered in 85% of cases). By the 12th month, 40% of those who recovered still have a very high level of IgG antibodies to the S-protein (>500 BAU/ml). In the feces, urine, and blood serum of patients with long-term persistent IgM antibodies, no coronavirus antigens were detected. After vaccination with the Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine, IgG antibodies to the S-protein are detected in 100% of cases and remain at a high level for 4 months, by the 5-6th month, the level of antibodies decreases. During revaccination, the level of IgG antibodies to S-protein reaches high values earlier than during primary vaccination, and remains high for 4 months (observation period). The blood sera of recovered and vaccinated patients have a high virus-neutralizing activity (at least 1:80), while its level is somewhat higher in recovered patients.

International links between Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine serotype 4 sequence type (ST) 801 in Northern European shipyard outbreaks of invasive pneumococcal disease.

BACKGROUND: Pneumococcal disease outbreaks of vaccine preventable serotype 4 sequence type (ST)801 in shipyards have been reported in several countries. We aimed to use genomics to establish any international links between them. METHODS: Sequence data from ST801-related outbreak isolates from Norway (n = 17), Finland (n = 11) and Northern Ireland (n = 2) were combined with invasive pneumococcal disease surveillance from the respective countries, and ST801-related genomes from an international collection (n = 41 of > 40,000), totalling 106 genomes. Raw data were mapped and recombination excluded before phylogenetic dating. RESULTS: Outbreak isolates were relatively diverse, with up to 100 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) and a common ancestor estimated around the year 2000. However, 19 Norwegian and Finnish isolates were nearly indistinguishable (0-2 SNPs) with the common ancestor dated around 2017. CONCLUSION: The total diversity of ST801 within the outbreaks could not be explained by recent transmission alone, suggesting that harsh environmental and associated living conditions reported in the shipyards may facilitate invasion of colonising pneumococci. However, near identical strains in the Norwegian and Finnish outbreaks does suggest that transmission between international shipyards also contributed to those outbreaks. This indicates the need for improved preventative measures in this working population including pneumococcal vaccination.

[Discriminant analysis in establishing the relationship of pathogenetic mechanisms of gestational complications in urogenital infection in pregnant women.] / Дискриминантный анализ в установлении взаимозависимости Ð¿Ð°Ñ‚Ð¾Ð³ÐµÐ½ÐµÑ‚Ð¸Ñ‡ÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑ Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð² развития Ð³ÐµÑÑ‚Ð°Ñ†Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð¾ÑÐ»Ð¾Ð¶Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ при урогенитальной инфекции Ð±ÐµÑ€ÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ .

The aim of the work - to establish the interconnection and interdependence of toll-like mediated pathogenetic mechanisms of urogenital infection in pregnant women from the position of epigenomics. Using discriminant analysis in 89 patients with urogenital infection in pregnant women for the first time was established a reliable evidence-based relationship and interdependence between mucosal immunity, the severity of the infectious process, clinical manifestations, symptoms of miscarriage in the background of simultaneous development of the infectious process and pregnancy. For urgent delivery (infection), urgent childbirth (infection and clinical manifestation) and premature birth, mucosal immunity determines the severity of anti-infective resistance (with increasing mucosal immunity oppression of infectious process and clinical manifestations is logged , and its decrease increases the severity of infection process and clinical manifestations); the inhibition of mucosal immunity prevails over its hyperreaction (inhibition of mucosal immunity is determined by the physiological immunodepression in response to the development of pregnancy, as well as in response to herpes virus infection when activated); the severity of the infectious process depends on the severity of clinical manifestations and symptoms of miscarriage. During miscarriage mucosal immunity provides the pathophysiological course of infectious process and the clinical manifestations and development of symptoms of misacrriage; increasing levels of mucosal immunity to hyperreaction contributes to the development of symptoms of abortion and miscarriage; not registered mutual influence of oppression, mucosal immunity and its hyperreaction; the severity of the infectious process does not depend on the severity of clinical signs and symptoms of miscarriage. In urgent childbirth (infection), the oppression of mucosal immunity does not affect the severity of clinical manifestations, symptoms of abortion and the infectious process. In urgent or premature birth, and termination of pregnancy, the oppression of mucosal immunity affects the severity of clinical manifestations, the severity of the infectious process and the symptoms of abortion; the severity of clinical manifestations and the severity of the symptoms of abortion are interrelated. In urgent birth (infection) mucosal immunity overreaction affects the severity of clinical manifestations, symptoms of miscarriage and infection; in case of term and preterm labour overreaction mucosal immunity on the severity of infection and symptoms of abortion and does not affect the severity of clinical manifestations and at the termination of a pregnancy mucosal immunity on the severity of the infectious process and does not affect the severity of clinical signs and symptoms of abortion. The levels of mucosal immunity inhibition, its hyperreaction, clinical manifestations, symptoms of pregnancy termination and the severity of the infectious process do not depend on the type of herpes simplex virus. In the absence of infection with herpes simplex virus in patients with urogenital infections of pregnant women, there is no mutual influence and the relationship between the oppression of mucosal immunity and hyperreaction of mucosal immunity, the oppression of mucosal immunity prevails over its hyperreaction. With increasing mucosal immunity oppression, increased anti-infectious resistance of the body (the decreased activity of the infectious process), and with its decrease decreased (increased activity of the infectious process). Hyperreaction of mucosal immunity influenced the severity of pregnancy termination symptoms, clinical manifestations and infectious process, and also determined the severity of pregnancy termination symptoms. The severity of the infectious process and clinical manifestations influenced the symptoms of abortion. The severity of the infectious process did not affect the clinical manifestations. During infection with herpes simplex virus type I or type I and II on the background prevalence of oppression mucosal immunity over hyperreaction mucosal immunity, the presence of relationships between them, and the impact of mucosal immunity on the severity of the infectious process and the clinical manifestations increase mucosal immunity has been shown to decrease the severity of infection and clinical manifestations (reduction of anti-infective resistance), while reducing mucosal immunity the severity of infection and clinical manifestations increased. Hyperreaction of mucosal immunity influenced the severity of pregnancy termination symptoms and determined the severity of pregnancy termination symptoms. The severity of the infectious process and clinical manifestations influenced the symptoms of abortion. The severity of clinical manifestations reflects the severity of the infectious process. In type I and type II of pregnancy, the level of mucosal immunity determines the anti-infectious resistance of the body in urogenital infection of pregnant women. Inhibition of mucosal immunity and its hyperreactions are interrelated, have an impact on each other, as a result of their integral interaction, increasing the levels of mucosal immunity leads to a decrease in the severity of clinical manifestations and the infectious process, reducing the levels of mucosal immunity contributes to the manifestation of clinical manifestations, as well as increasing the severity of the infectious process. Hyperreaction of mucosal immunity affects the severity of symptoms of abortion, infection and clinical manifestations. The infectious process and clinical manifestations determine the severity of the symptoms of abortion. In type III and type IV of pregnancy course, there is no mutual influence of mucosal immunity oppression and its hyperreaction. The levels of indicators of mucosal immunity oppression and its hyperreaction are interrelated; the increase in the severity of mucosal immunity oppression is accompanied by a decrease in clinical manifestations and severity of the infectious process and vice versa. Hyperreaction of mucosal immunity affects the severity of symptoms of abortion, infection and clinical manifestations. The infectious process determines the severity of the symptoms of abortion and clinical manifestations, acting as a leading component of gestational complications in urogenital infection of pregnant women. In the III type of pregnancy course oppression of mucosal immunity does not affect the severity of symptoms of miscarriage. In the IV type of pregnancy course, the levels of mucosal immunity oppression prevail over the indicators of mucosal immunity hyperreaction, which is due to the integral interaction of physiological inhibition of immunological reactivity of the organism in response to pregnancy and inhibition of immunological reactivity of the organism, accompanying the activation of infectious process of viral genesis. Hyperreaction of mucosal immunity determines the symptoms of abortion.

The New Data on the Serotonin and FMRFamide Localization in the Nervous System of Opisthorchis felineus Metacercaria.

BACKGROUND: Trematoda Opisthorchis felineus Rivolta, 1884 is the causative agent of dangerous parasite disease-opisthorchiasis, widespread in the Russian Federation. The details of the neuroanatomical localization of the serotoninergic and FMRFamidergic neurotransmitter elements as well as their functional roles remain not studied enough in both adult and larval forms of O. felineus. The studies in this area are important in term of the development of a new pharmacological strategy of the struggle with the causative agent of opisthorchiasis affecting the neuronal signal substances and the function of its nervous system. PURPOSE: The aim of this work was the immunocytochemical study of the neurotransmitters serotonin (5-HT, 5-Hydroxitryptamine) and neuropeptide FMRFamide localization in the nervous system of the opisthorchiasis causative agent-O. felineus metacercaria. To study the relationship between the detected neurotransmitters and the muscular elements of the parasite, the muscle staining was carried out simultaneously using fluorophore-conjugated phalloidin. METHODS: The localization of 5-HTergic and FMRFamidergic nerve structures was determined by immunocytochemical method. The staining samples were analyzed using a fluorescent and confocal laser scanning microscopies. RESULTS: The new data on the presence and distribution of the serotonin-immunopositive (IP)- and FMRFa-IP components in the central and peripheral departments of the nervous system of  O. felineus metacercaria has been obtained. Besides that a number of the new anatomical details of the nervous system organization and of the innervation of the organs and tissues in the investigated parasite have been revealed. CONCLUSION: The data obtained on the presence and localization of the 5-HTergic and peptidergic (FMRFamide) components in central and peripheral departments of the nervous system of O. felineus metacercaria elaborated and expanded the existing information about the nervous system as well as the innervations of the tissues and organs in the causative agent of opistchorchiasis.

[Endometrial morphological characteristics in patients with hysteromyoma and chronic endometritis in infertility]. / Morfologicheskaia kharakteristika éndometriia u patsientok s miomoi matki i khronicheskim éndometritom pri besplodii.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize endometrial structural and functional state and receptivity in women with hysteromyoma (HM) and chronic endometritis (CE) in infertile couples. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 130 patients who had HM and/or CE in an infertile couple were examined. Group 1 included 64 women with HM and CE; Group 2 consisted of 24 patients with HM; group 3 comprised 42 patients with EC. A control group included endometrial biopsy specimens from 20 healthy women planning a pregnancy. RESULTS: Patients with HM and CE were found to develop endometrial dysfunction. Its structural signs were damage to the endometrial surface epithelium; intense stromal fibrosis with the high expression of type III and IV collagens; dysregulated processes of high angiogenesis; impaired maturation of pinopodia by the implantation window; high estrogen receptor (ER) expression in the nuclei of endometrial glandular and stromal cells; low progesterone receptor (PR) expression; and impaired secretory endometrial transformation. CONCLUSION: HM concurrent with CE is responsible for endometrial dysfunction. Its structural manifestations are mainly associated with CE.

[Efficacy of laboratory methods of diagnostic of purulent bacterial meningitis.]

According to the World Health Organization, every year about 1 million cases of purulent bacterial meningitis (PBM) are registered in the world, of which 200 thousand cases end in death. Bacterial meningitis is polyethiologic, which makes the task of determining the pathogen the main in the organization of epidemiological surveillance, treatment regimens, planning of preventive and anti-epidemic measures. The quality of laboratory diagnostics has a key influence on this. The true incidence of meningitis of different etiology can be altered at low-efficiency laboratory diagnostics. This work was carried out to assess the effectiveness of existing laboratory methods for the detection of PBM pathogens: Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis; as a part of the programme on sentinel surveillance of invasive bacterial diseases (IBD) carried out by the WHO regional office for Europe in a number of countries in Europe (Ukraine, Belarus), Transcaucasia (Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia), Asia (Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan) in the period 2010-2017. 2893 samples of clinical material (CSF and blood) obtained from patients with the meningeal syndrome were studied by four diagnostic methods: cultural method, latex-agglutination test, immunochromatographic test (BinaxNOW), PCR (conventional and real-time), used to identify the following pathogens: Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae. When identifying the causative agents of BM, PCR more effective than culture method is 5 times in detecting N. meningitidis; 3 times in the detection of S. pneumoniae; 4 times the detection of H. influenzae b. Latex-agglutination test and immunochromatographic test allow to increase the identification of pathogens of BM for N. meningitidis - by 35.6%; S. pneumoniae - by 67%; H. influenzae b - by 19.2%, it is possible to set them in the field and at the epidpoint if necessary. When working with clinical material from patients diagnosed with GBM, it is advisable for bacteriological laboratories to complement the culture method of microbiological diagnosis of latex-agglutination test, immunochromatographic test or PCR.

[Preventability of perinatal losses by the example of the large industrial cities Chelyabinsk and Novosibirsk]. / Predotvratimost' perinatal'nykh poter' v Cheliabinske i Novosibirske.

Perinatal mortality rate is an indicator that characterizes the quality of medical care, as well as the social and economic situation in the region. OBJECTIVE: to audit perinatal losses in large regional centers of the Russian Federation with a population of over 1 million inhabitants, such as Chelyabinsk and Novosibirsk. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A comprehensive postmortem examination of 309 cases of perinatal losses in 2016 was made, which was supplemented with an assessment of preventability according to the Scandinavian-Baltic classification. RESULTS: The rate of preventable deaths in Chelyabinsk and Novosibirsk amounted to 91 and 81.5% of cases, respectively; the deaths were due to stillbirths at more than 28 weeks' gestation and to dead newborns in almost half of cases. The proportion of intranatal deaths was shown to increase in Chelyabinsk; the number of neonatal deaths at more than 33 weeks' gestation rose in Novosibirsk. CONCLUSION: Supplementing the traditional clinical and postmortem analysis with an assessment of the preventability of perinatal loss makes it possible to ensure a unified approach to evaluating these conditions and the comparability of autopsy results in different subjects of the Russian Federation and to determine regional reserves for reducing perinatal mortality rates.

[Frequency, spectrum, and functional significance of TP53 mutations in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma].

A comparative analysis of oncogene mutations shows that variations in their frequency, spectrum, and hot-spot locations depends on the type of tumor and the ethnic origin of the population studied. The current version of the IARC TP53 Mutation Database lacks information about the frequency and spectrum of TP53 mutations in patients with DLBCL in Russia. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and functional significance of TP53 mutations in patients with DLBCL in Novosibirsk. The TP53 coding sequence and the adjacent intron regions were analyzed by direct sequencing in the tumor material from 74 patients with DLBCL. Mutations of the TP53 coding sequence were found in 18 (24.3%) patients. These data are consistent with the frequency of TP53  mutations observed in other studies. The spectrum of nucleotide substitutions found in DLBCL specimens corresponded to that described in the IARC TP53 Mutation Database. According to bioinformatic data and to reported experiments in vitro, most of the mutations detected result in the production of functionally inactive p53. Our results show that DLBCL progression is accompanied by the functional selection for mutations in TP53 exons 5-8.

[Length telomere leukocytes as ageing markers and risk factors for age-related diseases in humans].

The purpose of the research was studying of leukocyte telomere length association with age, sex, risk factors for age-related diseases in Russian people of pre-retirement and retirement age. By quantitative real-time PCR method we studied the leukocyte telomere length in 398 men (56,3±7,2 years) and 365 women (56,6±7,1 years) selected from a population sample of 45-69 year-old residents of the Oktyabrsky and Kirovsky districts of Novosibirsk (9 400 people). The selection was formed in the course of work on the international project HAPIEE. As a result, an inverse correlation of telomere length with age (r=-0,159, р<0,001), with the ratio waist / hips (r=-0,107, p=0,003) was found out. The average length of telomeres in women significantly more than in men, p=0,031.The correlation of telomere length in males with weight (r=0,140, p=0,005), waist size (r=0,111, p=0,027) was found out. In women, there is an inverse correlation of telomere length with a waist size (r=-0,127, p=0,015), the ratio of waist / hips (r=-0,141, p=0,007). The length of telomeres is an inverse correlation with correlation with quantity of the cigarettes smoked (r=-0,121, р=0,024). The length of telomeres leukocytes correlates with age, smoking, and a number of phenotypical signs. In men with the family anamnesis burdened by malignancies leucocytes telomere length was found to be greater than in men without such anamnesis.

[Effects of DNA quality on the measurement of telomere length].

Existing evidence on the association of telomere length with life expectancy and the risk of various age related diseases is discordant. This inconsistency in the data may be due to methodological factors, e.g., the differences in the techniques for measuring telomere length, cell harvesting, DNA isolation, and material. One of the general requirements to experiments concerned with the measurement of telomere length is the high quality of DNA samples under study. The current review considers the most common errors during the measurement of telomere length associated with the improper quality of the biological material.

[Quantitative and qualitative composition of axilla microbiota in practically healthy individuals].

AIM: Characteristics of quantitative and qualitative composition of cultured microorganisms isolated from axilla skin of practically healthy individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 77 practically healthy individuals aged 18 to 40 years were examined. Species identification of microorganisms was carried out byculture-morphologic, tinctorial and biochemical properties using time-of-flight mass spectrometer and rpoB gene amplification with subsequent direct sequencing. RESULTS: Quantitative evaluation of microbial composition of axilla skin microbiota in most of the practically healthy individuals varied in the 4-5 lg CFU/ml interval, whereas seeding of skin by this microbiota at the level of 8 lg CFU/ml was not detected. 158 strains of 24 microorganism species were identified in this biotope. Most of these strains (68.9%) belonged to Corynebacterium genus, 21.6% of strains--to Staphylococcus genus, 7.6% of strains--to Micrococcus genus and 1.9% of strains--Candida albicans. 16 species of corynebacteria were isolated with predomination of C. tuberculostearicum (40.3%), C. amycolatum (18.4%) and C. ureicelerivorans (14.8%) strains. The microbial landscape in most of the examined individuals (77.9%) was presented by microorganism association. CONCLUSION: Quantitative and qualitative species composition of cultured microorganisms isolated from axilla skin biotope of practically healthy individuals was characterized for the first time.

[Morphofunctional characteristics of impaired endometrial receptivity in chronic endometritis].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate endometrial receptivity in women with chronic endometritis (CE), by studying the nature of secretory transformations, the number of mature pinopodia in the surface epithelium, the expression of steroid hormone receptors and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Endometrium morphology was analyzed in 76 patients with CE (a study group) and 20 gynecologically healthy women (a control group) who sought family planning advice and examined using the uniform scheme. Morphological examination of the endometrium obtained by Pipelle biopsy on days 7-8 after ovulation involved histological and immunohistochemical studies: the number of mature pinopidia and the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR) were determined, by estimating the PR/ER ratio and the marker of LIF receptivity in the endometrial epithelium and stroma. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In the women with CE, the level of surface epitheliocytes with pinopodia was significantly lower than that in the comparison group (mean 37.5 +/- 2.1; p < 0.01). There was an increase in ER expression in the integumentary and glandular epithelium (mean 102.5 +/- 6.8 scores; p < 0.01) and stromal cells (110.2 +/- 8.3 scores; p > 0.05). In the control group, the intensity of PR expression was, on the contrary, significantly lower in both the integumentary epithelium and glandulocytes (mean 104.7 +/- 5.5 scores; p < 0.01) and stromal cells (178.5 +/- 11.3 scores; p < 0.01). In the study group, the PR/ER ratio was less than 2 in all cases: the mean PR/ER ratio was 1.1 +/- 0.09 for surface epitheliocytes and glandulocytes and 1.6 +/- 0.1 for stromal cells. In CE, the intensity of LIF expression was dramatically reduced and equal to 0.95 +/- 1.3 scores (p < 0.01). The found regularities suggest that CE is accompanied by an almost 4-fold decrease in LIF expression, which is evidence for significantly suppressed endometrial receptivity and may be regarded as a prognostic marker of failed implantation. CONCLUSION: The patients with CE were found to have an endometrial receptivity disorder involving the damaged surface epithelium of the uterine mucosa, pinopodia immaturity by the implantation window, decreased LIF expression, and ER hyperexpression. This may give rise to reproductive dysfunction in women with CE.

[Comparative analysis of informative-diagnostic properties of mucosa immune-reactivity parameters].

AIM: Study the features of immune-reactivity expression in mucosa depending on their topicity and etiopathogenesis of the pathological process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 30 clinically healthy children and 77 children with acute and recurrent diseases of respiratory tract: 51--with acute and 15--with chronic bronchitis; as well as 132 women: 41--with active stage of acute urogenital chlamydia infection, 29--with recurrent chronic process, 30--with non-recurrent form and 32 clinically healthy women were analyzed. Saline and urogenital tract mucosa discharge was analyzed for IgG, sIgA and secretory component, IL-1beta, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, IFNgamma, TNFalpha and GM-CSF, TLR-2, TLR-3, TLR-4, TLR-8 gene expression levels as well as content of lysozyme, total protein and leucocytes. RESULTS: Solidity, universality and practically single-stage triggering of mucosa immune reaction mechanisms to intervention by foreign agents regardless of their localization was confirmed. A dependence of immune-reactivity expression on the form of pathologic process, its localization and qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the infectious agents was clearly seen. The highest level of clinical-laboratory and immunological parameters is inherent for patients with acute processes in urogenital tract (cervical canal and urethra), especially cause by mixed infections. CONCLUSION: Immune diagnostic parameters of mucosa among which TLR system is especially notable have high information properties allowing not only diagnostics of inflammatory process but also differentiating its form and character our course.

Role of polymorphic loci in HLA-region rs2647012 and rs805288 in the development of non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas in Western Siberia.

The data of genome-wide association analysis suggest that human 6p21.3 chromosomal region (localization of HLA genes) contains polymorphic loci influencing the risk of developing non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. We analyzed association of rs2647012 and rs805288 loci with the risk for non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas in the population of Western Siberia. Allele and genotype frequencies were determined in the group of 298 patients and in the control group including 551 individuals. Subgroups of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (86 patients) and follicular lymphoma (25 patients) were analyzed separately. An association of rs2647012 А/А genotype with increased risk of the disease (OR = 2.78, p = 0.002) was detected in the subgroup of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Analysis of the association of polymorphic loci rs917997 in IL18RAP gene and rs187238 in IL18 gene with the risk for non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas in Novosibirsk population.

We analyzed the association of polymorphic variants of rs917997 (G/A) locus in IL18RAP gene and rs187238 (G/C) locus in IL18 gene with the risk of malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in Novosibirsk population. Allele and genotype frequencies of the above loci were determined in patients (243 persons) and control group (371 persons) and compared using χ(2) test. None of the analyzed loci showed statistically significant association with the risk of malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

[Linkage disequilibrium and haplotypes of rs1042522, rs1625895 and rs17878362 gene TP53 markers in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma].

Association of rs1042522, rs17878362 and rs1625895 markers with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma risk is not well studied. Large number of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma entities, as well as a small effect of each of the polymorphisms on the lymphomas risk, leads to the analyses of these markers in each of histological subtypes of lymphoma and to study the polymorphisms in the haplotype groups. The goal of this work was to analyze the frequency, haplotypes and linkage disequilibrium of rs1042522, rs1625895 and rs17878362 in the patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and in control group. The differences in the structure of LD between rs17878362, rs1042522 and rs1625895 TP53 gene in the population of the Siberian region were shown. Haplotype approach wasmore informative in the analyses of association of the gene TP53 polymorphisms and the diffuse large B-cell lymphomas risk in case-control study than the study of each polymorphism. The association of haplotype wArgG with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma risk, and the protective effect of haplotypes wProG or dupProG were identified. The difference in the effects of the haplotype TP53 was noted depending on the homozygous or heterozygous diplotype.

[Giant chorioangioma of the placenta].

The paper describes a case of giant (123 x 109 x 70-mm) placental chorioangioma that is a capillary hemangioma in structure, which led to significantly impaired placental-fetal blood flow to give rise to non-immune hydrops and right heart failure in the fetus at 33 weeks' gestation; obvious polyhydramnios developed. This served as an indication for preterm one-stage cesarean delivery. A premature live girl was born with a weight of 2430 g, a height of 44 cm, Apgar score 6-7. Dynamic echographic monitoring makes it possible to record increased placental tumor sizes and fetal abnormalities and to make a timely decision on delivery, which promotes perinatal death prevention. At 11-month follow-up, the child's physical and mental developments were for age.

[Intronic polymorphisms of аntionkogene TP53 in patients with indolent variants of Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas].

The frequency of distribution of alleles and genotypes of single nucleotide substitution G13494A in intron 6 and duplications dup16bp in intron 3 of the gene TP53 in 56 patients with indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and variants in the controls was studied. The increase of the frequency of G-allele and G/G genotype of intron 6 of the gene TP53 in lymphoma patients compared with controls (91 and 84 % vs. 79 (p<0,01) and 63 % (p<0,01), respectively) was determined. It was found that individuals carrying the rare A-allele (i.e., having A/G or A/A genotype), had the risk of disease 3,23 times (OR=3,23; [95 % CI 1,50; 6,92], p<0,05) higher than the general population. No significant differences in the distribution of alleles and genotypes of dup16bp intron 3 of the TP53 gene between cases and controls were identified. The results indicate that the oligonucleotide G13494A substitution in intron 6 proapoptotic gene TP53 in older individuals may have a modulating effect on the risk of indolent lymphoma.

[Molecular-genetic and phylogenetic characteristic of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from patients with meningitis and carriers].

AIM: Analyze genetic and phylogenetic interrelations between S. pneumoniae strains isolated from meningitis patients and carriers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 23 S. pneumoniae isolates (9 from bacterial meningitis patients, 9 from nasopharynx of bacterial carriers, 5 strains from museum collection of Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology) were studied. S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619, S. mitis ATCC 49456 served as control strains. S. pneumoniae serotype determination was carried out in latex-agglutination reaction and quelling reaction. Multiplex PCR according to WHO protocols was used for molecular-genetic study and pneumolysin (ply), autolysin (lytA), surface cellular adhesin A (psaA) and capsule polysaccharide (cpsA) gene determination. Multilocus sequence-typing was carried out according to WHO scheme for 7 "housekeeping" segments--aroE, gdh, gki, recP, spi, xpt and ddl. Computer programs from available internet resources were used for data processing and dendrogram building. RESULTS; The S. pneumoniae isolates analyzed were established to belong to 19 sequence types that may be combined into 4 subclusters. Results of molecular-genetic and serologic typing were completely comparable. CONCLUSION: Attribution of isolates from the same serotype and serogroup to different sequence-types gives evidence on the ongoing changes within serotype and as a result changes in allele profile of circulating S. pneumoniae isolates. Membership of isolates in separate subclusters gives evidence on close evolution relationship between isolates obtained from patients with bacterial meningitis and carriers. Certain isolates had not previously been registered in Russia and were probably imported from the territories of other countries.

[The phylogenetic position of Chlamydia strains isolated from monkeys and humans with Chlamydial pathology in the family Chiamydiaceae. Genotypic and phenotypic properties of this pathogen].

Based on the results of the comparative analysis concerning relatedness and evolutional difference of the 16S - 23S nucleotide sequences of the middle ribosomal cluster and 23S rRNA I domain, and based on identification of phylogenetic position for Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Chlamydia trichomatis strains released from monkeys, relatedness of the above stated isolates with similar strains released from humans and with strains having nucleotide sequences presented in the GenBank electronic database has been detected for the first time ever. Position of these isolates in the Chlamydiaceae family phylogenetic tree has been identified. The evolutional position of the investigated original Chlamydia and Chlamydophila strains close to analogous strains from the GenBank electronic database has been demonstrated. Differences in the 16S - 23S nucleotide sequence of the middle ribosomal cluster and 23S rRNA I domain of plasmid and non-plasmid Chlamydia trachomatis strains released from humans and monkeys relative to different genotype groups (group B- B, Ba, D, Da, E, L1, L2, L2a; intermediate group - F, G, Ga) have been revealed for the first time ever. Abnormality in incA chromosomal gene expression resulting in Chlamydia life and development cycle disorder and decrease of Chlamydia virulence can be related to probable changes in the nucleotide sequence of the gene under consideration.