[Predictive capability of Cys112Arg single nucleotide polymorphisms of the apolipoprotein E gene in assessing the risk of immediate and early post-traumatic seizures].

This study is aimed at investigating epileptic seizures, one of the consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Immediate and early post-traumatic seizures, as well as late post-traumatic epileptic seizures or post-traumatic epilepsy, can have different pathogenetic bases. The following key risk factors associated with post-traumatic epilepsy are known: duration of unconsciousness, gunshot wounds, intracranial hemorrhage, diffuse axonal injury, prolonged (more than 3 days) post-traumatic amnesia, acute subdural hematoma with surgical evacuation, immediate and early post-traumatic epileptic seizures, fracture of the skull bones. The role of genetic factors in post-traumatic seizures is poorly understood due to the complexity and multiple causal mechanisms. This paper addresses the role of genetic factors in the occurrence and severity of epileptic events in patients with TBI. In particular, we investigated the role of the Cys112Arg single nucleotide polymorphism of the apolipoprotein E gene. Apolipoprotein E is known for its role in the transport and metabolism of lipids and, therefore, the development of cardiovascular diseases; it is also associated with Alzheimer's disease and has recently been studied in the context of association with epilepsy. The study shows an association between this polymorphism and the risk of immediate and early epileptic seizures in patients with severe TBI.

[Neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of central neuropathic pain]. / Neirovospalenie v patogeneze neiropaticheskogo bolevogo sindroma.

The problem of chronic pain is a significant question of nowadays medicine due to its high prevalence and treatment ineffectiveness in most cases. It has been proved by means of neuroimaging methods that chronic pain is always associated with glial activation in central nervous system, leading to the disturbance of glial cells participation in the eregulation of neuron microenvironment and neurotransmitter exchange. As a result, interneuronal communication in nociceptive pathways is interrupted and pathological neuroplasticity processes develop, causing the formation of pathological circuits, selfregilated by means of positive feedback. Thus, intervention that is directed to neuroinflammation suppression can by pathogeneticaly approved and effective method to treat chronic pain. In this review basic mechanisms of the inflammation initiation and maintaining in central nervous system in chronic pain are considered, pathological self-regulated circuits with neurons and immune cells are described and current chronic pain medications with antiinflammatiry and antinociceptive properties are listed.

[Early predictive biomarkers of posttraumatic epilepsy]. / Rannie prediktivnye biomarkery posttravmaticheskoi epilepsii.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects about 50 million people in the world every year. Posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a significant complication of TBI of any severity. PTE occurs in 20% of patients with TBI. Treatment of patients with PTE is particularly difficult due to obvious tendency towards drug resistance. Currently, there are no validated predictive biomarkers for PTE. Development of a system of validated predictive markers would improve PTE prediction quality and therapeutic approach for these patients. This review is devoted to the current data on the most perspective predictive biomarkers of PTE for clinical practice.

[Dementia with Lewy bodies in a patient with oromandibular dystonia]. / Dementsiya s tel'tsami Levi u patsientki s oromandibulyarnoi distoniei.

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is characterized by a combination of progressive cognitive, motor impairments and autonomic dysfunction. Motor impairments in DLB may manifest themselves with mild parkinsonian signs as well as with classic parkinsonism. A case of a female patient, who developed LBD 5 years after being diagnosed with oromandibular dystonia, is presented.

[Segawa's syndrome]. / Sindrom Segavy.

The authors present a case-report of Segawa's syndrome. Clinical characteristics, genetic background and treatment options with special emphasis on a differential diagnosis are discussed.

Isolation and Characterization of Human Myoblast Culture In Vitro for Technologies of Cell and Gene Therapy of Skeletal Muscle Pathologies.

We analyzed cultures of 5 independent myoblast lines from human skeletal muscles. It was shown that the content of desmin-positive cells in cultures at early passages exceeds 90%. Typical morphofunctional signs of myogenic differentiation disturbances were identified and their dynamics was studied. Signs of alternative adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of cells were revealed. Based on these data, limitations for the use of myoblast cultures of certain passages for biomedical research and cell therapy were evaluated.

[Traumatic brain injury: neurologic and psychiatric aspects]. / Travmaticheskoe povrezhdenie mozga: nevrologicheskie i psikhopatologicheskie aspekty.

Traumatic brain injury is among the leading social-medical problems that causes preventable deaths, health deterioration and disability in young individuals. It is manifested by neurologic and psychiatric disorders, firstly by neurocognitive impairment. Therapeutic interventions in traumatic brain injury include correction of cerebral disorders in the acute phase of trauma, treatment of neurocognitive impairment and symptomatic treatment of mental disorders. The efficacy of treatment of neurocognitive deficits associated with brain injury is still unsatisfactory, which determines the need to find new medicines and therapeutic approaches.

[Angiogenesis mechanisms in the formation of structural changes of brain tissue in patients with progressive cerebrovascular disease]. / Mekhanizmy angiogeneza v formirovanii strukturnykh izmenenii tkani golovnogo mozga u bol'nykh s progressiruiushchimi formami tserebovaskuliarnykh zabolevanii.

AIM: To study the correlation between expressiveness of focal changes of brain tissue and VEGF and MCP-1 levels in plasma and blood serum of patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Markers of inflammation (MCP-1, CRP) and angiogenesis (VEGF) in serum and blood plasma of 35 patients with CCI depending on expressiveness of structural changes of brain substance according to MRI were investigated. RESULTS: The increase in MCP-1 and CRP content in blood serum and simultaneous decrease in VEGF level in serum and blood plasma were correlated with the increase in the number of focal changes of substance of the brain in patients with CCI.

[Mechanisms of development of chronic cerebral ischemia in arterial hypertension]. / Mekhanizmy formirovaniya khronicheskoi ishemii golovnogo mozga pri arterial'noi gipertenzii.

AIM: To study a relationship of arterial hypertension (AH) severity with the cerebral blood flow and structural changes in the brain matter, processes of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense, parameters of homeostasis, indicators of endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A complex study of 84 patients with AH, aged from 43 to 64 years, was carried out. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The severity of atherosclerotic damage increased with the increasing of the AH degree. There were the sings of cerebral atrophy, changes in the white matter of brain hemispheres accompanied by the increase of oxidative stress and insufficient antioxidant activity, appearance of procoagulation shifts in the homeostasis system, along with the moderate activity of fibrinolysis, increase in the level of proinflammatory cytokines and markers of apoptosis, endothelin-1, decrease in nitrogen oxide concentration.

[Markers of an inflammation and angiogenesis in chronic cerebrovascular diseases]. / Markery vospaleniya i angiogeneza pri khronicheskikh tserebrovaskulyarnykh zabolevaniyakh.

AIM: To study the diagnostic significance of additional vascular lesion markers in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Markers of inflammation (МСР-1, CRP) and angiogenesis (VEGF in blood serum and plasma) were studied in 50 patients with CCI and 60 healthy people. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: It was shown that the development of immunoinflammatory processes in patients with CCI is accompanied by the decrease in the content of vascular endothelial growth factor in the serum and blood plasma.