[Problem of adaptation of patients with the syndrome of early childhood autism]. / K probleme adaptatsii bol'nykh s sindromom rannego detskogo autizma.

Sixty-seven children with early childhood autism received therapeutic and corrective treatment in a day-time clinic. In 37 cases socialization of children proved possible, and following treatment, they were transferred to specialized, logopedic, and general kindergartens and schools. The authors advocate the advisability of setting up day-time clinics in the framework of childhood psychiatric hospitals and of organization of separate groups for children with early childhood autism in the framework of specialized kindergartens.

[Possibilities of preventing childhood schizophrenia]. / O vozmozhnostiakh profilaktiki detskoi shizofrenii.

The authors consider poorly studied questions of childhood schizophrenia prophylaxis (primary, secondary, individual, and social). At present it is virtually impossible to speak about primary and individual prophylaxis of childhood schizophrenia as an endogenic disease. Preventive measures of reduction of birth rates in groups of patients and individuals at a high risk of the disease should be considered as social prophylaxis aimed at decreasing the prevalence of this disease in the population and complicated by relevant deontological problems. Secondary (therapeutic) prophylaxis of infantile schizophrenia holds promise, due to the fact that the predictions of its outcome are not altogether gloomy and prophylactic treatment runs a favourable course in more than half the cases. Prospects of secondary (therapeutic) prophylaxis of childhood schizophrenia are steadily improving due to the breakthroughs of modern therapy.

[Association of schizophrenic and convulsive manifestations in children]. / O sochetanii shizofrenicheskikh i sudorozhnykh proiavlenii u detei.

The authors studied 25 preschool children with schizophrenia and schizophreniform states associated with residual-organic damage to the brain who also presented various convulsive manifestations. Patients with this combination were far less numerous than patients with convulsive manifestations without schizophreniform symptoms and with schizophrenia without convulsive manifestations. With regard to paroxysmal phenomena per se, no significant differences were discovered in patients with the schizophreniform symptomatology versus patients with convulsive manifestations without symptoms of schizophrenia. The study showed that in the majority of cases, the patients had infantile schizophrenia against an organically altered background. In schizophreniform conditions that resulted from residual symptoms of the organic damage to the brain, the epileptiform syndrome was more stable. The schizophreniform symptomatology in some cases was associated with temporal lobe epilepsy. Differentiation of "schizoepilepsy" as a separate nosological entity was found to be unsubstantiated. Administration of neuroleptics induced enhancement of paroxysmal manifestations in some patients.

[Comparative age aspect of studies of schizophrenia in children and adolescents]. / Sravnitel'no-vozrastnoi aspekt izucheniia shizofrenii u detei i podrostkov.

Questions of a comparative age-associated approach to the study of schizophrenia in children and adolescents are discussed. The nosological unity of childhood and adolescent schizophrenia with that of adults is emphasized. Age-associated modification of schizophrenia in children and adolescents with respect to epidemiological data, psychopathological differences and the forms of the disease course are considered. Special attention is drawn to the typical combination of symptoms of genuine schizophrenic defect in childhood schizophrenia with the signs of disorders of development emerging due to the schizophrenic process. Differential-diagnostic criteria for childhood and adolescent schizophrenia are given, depending upon the age of onset and disease course.

[Experience with epidemiologic studies of childhood schizophrenia]. / Opyt épidemiologicheskogo izucheniia detskoi shizofrenii.

An epidemiological study of the adult schizophrenic population (5039) of 3 Moscow districts has shown that 31,3% of the individuals have fallen ill before the age of 18, out of them 23,4% at the age of 12--17 years. The intensity of schizophrenia manifestation in the pubertal period was the highest. A comparison of the sex ratio at the onset of the disease at different periods of childhood and puberty has shown that the younger the boys are, the higher is the morbidity rate among them. In the initial stage of the disease at the age of 0--17 years malignant schizophrenia prevails threefold and slowly progressive schizophrenia almost twofold as compared to the patients who fell ill after 18 years of age. At the onset of the disease in adults as compared to childhood and adolescence there prevail relatively medium progressive and attack-like forms (shift-like and periodical). It was also noted that malignant schizophrenia is more common among males and periodical forms among females. A comparison of the relative frequency of forms depending upon the onset enables one to claim that the morbidity rate (all forms) undoubtedly depends upon the age, particularly upon the pubertal, while its forms are related to the sex and not to the pubertal age.

[Differential diagnosis of slowly progressive schizophrenia in children]. / Nekotorye voprosy differentsial'nogo diagnoza maloprogredientnoi shizofrenii u detei.

Slowly progressive schizophrenia in children is marked in 45.5% of all the cases. This form of development usually cannotes a favourably developing variant of continuous and attack-like schizophrenia, characterized by a gradual increase of psychopath-like (schizoid) personality changes. For this reason it is necessary to differentiate the diagnosis of schizophrenia with the dynamics of psychopathy in children. The paper contains data of some criteria of a differential diagnosis of slowly progressive schizophrenia in relation to early childhood autism, psychic infantilism, obsessional neurosis, pathologically developing age crises and cyclothymia in children.

[Kanner's syndrome and childhood schizophrenia]. / Sindrom Kannera i detskaia shizofreniia

The examination of 32 children with Kanner's syndrome of early infantile autism permits to assume that this syndrome in some of the cases is expressed only by inborn anomalies which correspond to constitutional psychopathy in adults. In most of the cases this syndrome forms the initial expression of child schizophrenia. In separate cases disorders very similar to Kanner's syndrome may be seen after the first olliterated attack during early childhood (up to 3 years). A comparative study of the same indices of development of 268 children with an early onset of schizophrenic process in spite of some differences confirms that Kanner's syndrome is very close to childhood schizophrenia. An analysis of genealogical data shows genetical relations of Kanner's syndrome with child schizophrenia.