DFT study on some polythiophenes containing benzo[d]thiazole and benzo[d]oxazole: structure and band gap.

The content of this paper focuses/shed light on the effects of X (X = S in P1 and X = O in P2) in C11H7NSX and R (R = H in P3, R = OCH3 in P4, and R = Cl in P5) in C18H9ON2S2-R on structural features and band gaps of the polythiophenes containing benzo[d]thiazole and benzo[d]oxazole by the Density Function Theory (DFT) method/calculation. The structural features including the electronic structure lattice constant (a), shape, total energy (Etot) per cell, and link length (r), are measured via band gap (Eg) prediction with the package of country density (PDOS) and total country density (DOS) of material studio software. The results obtained showed that the link angle and the link length between atoms were not changed significantly while the Etot was decreased from Etot = - 1904 eV (in P1) to Etot = - 2548 eV (in P2) when replacing O with S; and the Etot of P3 was decreased from Etot = - 3348 eV (in P3) when replacing OCH3, Cl on H of P3 corresponding to Etot = - 3575 eV (P4), - 4264 eV (P5). Similarly, when replacing O in P1 with - S to form P2, the Eg of P1 was dropped from Eg = 0.621 eV to Eg = 0.239 eV for P2. The Eg of P3, P4, and P5 is Eg = 0.006 eV, 0.064 eV, and 0.0645 eV, respectively. When a benzo[d]thiazole was added in P1 (changing into P3), the Eg was extremely strongly decreased, nearly 100 times (from Eg = 0.621 eV to Eg = 0.006 eV). The obtained results serve as a basis for future experimental work and used to fabricate smart electronic device.

Carob Kibble: A Bioactive-Rich Food Ingredient.

Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is well known for its valuable locust bean gum obtained from the carob seeds. Separation of seeds from the pod leaves behind the carob kibble which is a good source of dietary fiber, sugars, and a range of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and pinitol. Bioactive compounds present in carob kibble have been found to be beneficial in the control of many health problems such as diabetes, heart diseases, and colon cancer due to their antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. Carob kibble has substantial potential to be used as a food ingredient. This article focuses on the composition, health benefits, and food applications of carob kibble.

Immobilization of intact liposomes on solid surfaces: a quartz crystal microbalance study.

Immobilization of model cell membranes (liposomes) on sensing devices is useful for the detection, evaluation, and analysis of interaction between cell membranes and proteins or other biological materials. The method to immobilize the liposomes on the solid surface was investigated by using the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) method, focusing on the density of immobilized liposomes and their stability. The different liposomes were applied onto the planar surface of the QCM electrode by varying the immobilization method. The results showed that the immobilized liposomes depended not only on the immobilization method but also on the properties of the liposomes. The liposome with low membrane fluidity likely showed intact immobilization on a solid surface. An electrostatic interaction also affected the amount of immobilized liposomes on the functionalized quartz crystal. By using the amino-coupling method, intact liposomes could be immobilized on a solid surface and immobilized liposomes could stabilize for 10 h with frequency changes less than 5%.