Postmortem Evaluation of Cardiac Valvular Disease in Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and a Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos).

Limited data are available regarding cardiac diseases in birds of prey despite their prevalence in these avian species. Literature regarding valvular lesions in birds of prey is scarce and includes single reports of left atrioventricular valvular endocarditis in an adult, free-ranging, male bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and aortic valvular endocarditis in an adult, free-ranging, female red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, signalment, gross necropsy findings, and histologic lesions of valvular lesions in eagles. In this retrospective study, necropsy reports for 24 free-ranging and captive eagles were evaluated over a 15-year period (July 3, 2006-February 28, 2021). Six (25%; 95% confidence interval: 8.9-58.9) birds, 5 bald eagles and 1 golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), met the inclusion criteria. Five (83.3%) of the 6 birds had valvular degeneration, 2 (33.3%) had endocarditis, and Staphylococcus aureus was cultured from 1 (16.7%) of the endocarditis cases. The 6 eagles with valvular lesions were all captive adults. Four of the birds were female (66.7%), and the aortic and left atrioventricular valves were equally affected. Acute or chronic cerebral infarcts were present in all 6 birds. Valvular cardiac disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis in eagles exhibiting respiratory distress, neurologic signs, syncope, or in cases of sudden death.

Suspected Macrorhabdosis during a Concurrent Salmonellosis Outbreak in a Wild Yellow-Rumped Warbler (Setophaga coronata).

We describe necropsy lesions of three adult Yellow-rumped Warblers (Setophaga coronata) diagnosed with salmonellosis during a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium outbreak. One warbler had filamentous organisms consistent with Macrorhabdus ornithogaster at the proventricular-ventricular isthmus. There is limited information on Macrorhabdus ornithogaster infections in wild North American birds.

A multi-organ infection involving a left adrenal gland abscess in a diabetic dog.

A 14-year-old, intact male, American cocker spaniel dog was presented with a 5-day history of lethargy, inappetence, loose stools, abdominal pain, and hematuria. The dog had a 4-year history of diabetes mellitus and was in remission for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography scan revealed diffuse left adrenomegaly, splenic nodules, prostatomegaly, bilateral testicular cysts, and a hepatic mass. The dog underwent an exploratory laparotomy and a left adrenalectomy. Histopathology of the left adrenal gland was consistent with an adrenal abscess. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of an adrenal gland abscess in a dog. Key clinical message: This case highlights the potential for multi-organ infections in uncontrolled diabetic patients with non-specific clinical signs.

Une infection multi-organes impliquant un abcès de la glande surrénale gauche chez un chien diabétique. Un cocker américain mâle de 14 ans, intact, a été présenté avec de la léthargie, de l'inappétence, des selles molles, des douleurs abdominales et de l'hématurie depuis 5 jours. Le chien avait une histoire de 4 ans de diabète sucré et était en rémission pour une anémie hémolytique à médiation immunitaire. L'échographie abdominale et la tomodensitométrie ont révélé une adrénomégalie diffuse gauche, des nodules spléniques, une prostatomégalie, des kystes testiculaires bilatéraux et une masse hépatique. Le chien a subi une laparotomie exploratoire et une ablation de la surrénale gauche. L'histopathologie de la glande surrénale gauche était compatible avec un abcès surrénalien. À la connaissance des auteurs, il s'agit du premier cas signalé d'abcès des glandes surrénales chez un chien.Message clinique cléCe cas met en évidence le potentiel d'infections multi-organes chez les patients diabétiques non maitrisés présentant des signes cliniques non spécifiques.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).