[The immunomodulating effect of vilozen and splenin in the treatment of patients with acute and chronic toxic-allergic hepatitis]. / Immunomoduliruiushchii èffekt vilozena i splenina pri lechenii bol'nykh ostrym i khronicheskim toksiko-allergicheskim gepatitom.

65 patients with acute hepatitis and 116 patients with chronic hepatitis of toxico-allergic nature were examined. 20 patients with acute hepatitis and 40 patients with chronic form of the disease were prescribed in addition to conventional treatment 2-4 ml i.m. of splenin daily, 20 mg of vilosen daily in 3-4 divided doses in the form of 1% solution intranasally and the same quantity--sublingually. The drugs were administered for 10-15 days. Co-administration of splenin and vilosen was established to hasten normalization of clinical indices and immune homeostasis restitution thus advocating the use of the drugs as a part of therapeutic complex in the treatment of acute and chronic toxico-allergic hepatitis.

[Seasonal characteristics of the effectiveness of vitamin E and sodium selenate in tetracycline-induced liver damage]. / Sezonnye osobennosti effektivnosti vitamina E i selenita natriia pri porazhenii pecheni tetratsiklinom.

The seasonal characteristics of the efficacy of vitamin E and sodium selenite in tetracycline affections of the liver were studied on 128 noninbred male albino rats. It was shown that in comparison to vitamin E sodium selenite more actively retarded activation of lipid peroxidation in the liver and activation of alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in the blood serum in autumn and winter. A more pronounced inhibition of the increased levels of the dienic conjugates and alanine aminotransferase was observed in spring and summer and malonic dialdehyde and aspartate aminotransferase in summer by tocopherol acetate as compared to sodium selenite. The level of the thiol-disulfide equilibrium on the separate use of the drugs in spring and summer was higher than the control one. However, it did not reach the control level in autumn and winter. The combined use of sodium selenite and vitamin E prevented the toxic effect of tetracycline on the liver in autumn, spring and summer. Still, in the winter no such prevention was observed. The mechanisms of the seasonal differences in the tetracycline effect on the liver and the efficacy of the antioxidants in such affections are discussed.

[Effectiveness of vitamin E and sodium selenate in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage depending on the season]. / Effektiveness vitamina E i selenita natriia pri porazhenii pecheni chetyrekhkhloristym uglerodom v zavisimosti ot sezona goda.

Seasonal features of the efficacy of antioxidants for liver poisoning with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were revealed in 175 random-bred male rats. Liver function was appraised according to the bile secretion characteristics (bile secretion rate, the level of bile acids, cholesterol and bilirubin in bile). It was discovered that CCl4 hepatotoxicity was the highest during spring and summer. Vitamin D was more efficacious in spring and summer, whereas sodium selenite in autumn and winter. The use of combined vitamin E and sodium selenite prevered the toxic action of CCl4 on the liver in autumn, winter and spring and minimized it in summer. The mechanisms of seasonal differences in the action of CCl4 on the liver and antioxidant efficacy for damage in question are discussed. The conclusion was made about an important role of the time factor in the prophylaxis and treatment with antioxidants of liver toxic damages.

[Liver-protective effect of tocopherol acetate and selenium-containing preparations in tetracycline antibiotic lesions of the liver]. / Gepatozashchitnyi éffekt tokoferola atsetata i selensoderzhashchikh preparatov pri porazhenii pecheni tetratsiklinovymi antibiotikami.

It was shown on 99 male albino rats that vitamin E, sodium selenite and Astragalus. L. infusion used separately lowered the toxic effect of tetracycline on the liver, while the use of vitamin E in combination with sodium selenite or Astragalus L. infusion prevented such an effect of the antibiotic. This was evident from the decreased levels of lipid peroxidation products, i.e. diene conjugates and malonic dialdehyde in the blood and liver, and a simultaneous increase in the ratio of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in these biosubstrates. Parallelism of the changes in these indices of the blood and liver was observed. It is suggested that lipid peroxidation plays an important part in the pathogenesis of liver affection with tetracyclines. The combined use of vitamin E and selenium-containing drugs is considered advisable for the prophylaxis and treatment of such affections.

[Seasonal characteristics of the hepatotoxicity of tetracycline]. / Sezonnye osobennosti gepatotoksichnosti tetratsiklina.

Seasonal characteristics of the liver response to repeated tetracycline administrations in doses inducing significant affections of the liver were studied in 84 male albino rats. The most pronounced inhibition of bile secretion, synthesis and secretion of bile acids, excretion of cholesterol and secretion of bilirubin, especially its non-conjugated fraction, was observed in autumn and winter. In spring and summer, these changes were less pronounced. The decrease in the total content of bile acids in autumn and winter was mainly due to the decrease in the level of the tauro-acids, while in spring and summer, it was mainly due to the decrease in the level of bile acids conjugated with glycine. It was concluded that hepatotoxicity of tetracycline was significantly influenced by the seasonal characteristics.

[Content of SH- and --S--S-groups in the blood and liver homogenates in acute poisoning with tetracycline antibiotics]. / Soderzhanie SH- i --S--S-grupp v krovi i gomogenatakh pecheni pri ostroi intoksikatsii tetratsiklinovymi antibiotikami.

It was shown in experiments with albino rats that intoxication with tetracyclines and especially with chlortetracycline and tetracycline lowered the levels of sulfhydryl groups in the blood and liver homogenates of the animals, while the levels of the --S--S-groups increased. Tetracycline is characterized by a lower hepatotoxic action and did not affect the levels of sulfhydryl groups. It is suggested that impairment of lipid metabolism, inhibition of bile production and suppression of tissue respiration and oxidative phosphorylation due to oxidation or binding of SH-groups of enzymes and low molecular substances were the main links in the pathogenesis of liver fatty degeneration induced by tetracycline antibiotics.

[Vitamin E and selenium-containing preparations in the prevention treatment of tetracycline-induced lesions of the liver]. / Vitamin E i selenosoderzhashchie preparaty v profilatktike i lechenii tretratsiklinovykh porazhenii pecheni.

Studies on albino rats showed that high doses of tetracycline-induced damages of the liver evident from increased activity of serum enzymes (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase) and inhibition of bile secretion, synthesis and secretion of bile acids and cholesterol excretion. Administration of vitamin E, sodium selenite, infusion of Astragalus L. and especially vitamin E combinations with sodium selenite markedly or completely arrested the occurrence of hepatotoxic properties of tetracycline. It is suggested that the use of vitamin E combinations with selenium-containing preparations is advisable in the prophylaxis and treatment of tetracycline-induced damages of the liver.

[Effect of tetracycline antibiotics on lipid peroxidation]. / Vliianie tetratsiklinovykh antibiotikov na perekisnoe okislenie lipidov.

The experiments with albino rats showed that tetracyclines used in high doses (up to 0.5 g/kg bw) increased peroxidation of lipid unsaturated fatty acids of the liver cell membranes. This was evident from the increased content of malonic dialdehyde and diene conjugates in the homogenates of the liver and blood. The prooxidant effect was most characteristic of chlortetracycline and, to a less measure, of tetracycline and oxytetracycline. It is suggested that increased lipid peroxidation plays a definite role in the pathogenesis of the liver tetracycline affections.