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1.
Artigo em Francês | AIM (África) | ID: biblio-1264161

RESUMO

Introduction. Les états septiques sont associés à une morbidité et une mortalité importantes, surtout dans les pays à faible revenu. L'hémoculture est l'examen de choix pour le diagnostic de ces états mais en l'absence de recommandations claires à la disposition des praticiens dans les pays comme le Bénin, la pratique réelle de cet examen est mal connue. Objectif. Evaluer la prescription et la réalisation de l'hémoculture au Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM) de Cotonou. Matériel et méthodes. Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale qui s'est déroulée de février à juillet 2014.Elle a concerné les patients hospitalisés dans sept services à forte demande d'hémocultures du CNHU-HKM et a comporté deux volets : - un volet rétrospectif sur l'évaluation de la prescription de l'hémoculture, à partir des dossiers médicauxdes patients, - un volet prospectif sur l'évaluation des conditions de réalisation des hémocultures, sur la base de l'observation directe de la réalisation du prélèvement sanguin pour hémocultures.Résultats. Les taux de prescription et de réalisation des hémocultures chez les patients étaient respectivement de 62,8% et de 82,2%. Avant le prélèvement, la désinfection de la peau au niveau de la zone de ponction était réalisée chez tous les patients mais la désinfection des mains de l'infirmier et le nettoyage des bouchons des flacons d'hémoculture n'étaient réalisés que dans 61,4% et 49,7% des cas respectivement. Par ailleurs, 47,2% des patients avaient pris au moins une dose d'antibiotiques avant le prélèvement. Conclusion. Les conditions de prescription et de réalisation des hémocultures ne sont pas optimales au CNHU-HKM de Cotonou. Des mesures urgentes sont nécessaires dans cet hôpital pour améliorer la qualité de la prescription et de la réalisation de cet examen


Assuntos
Logro , Benin , Hemocultura , Prescrições
2.
Public Health Action ; 5(2): 147-9, 2015 Jun 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26400387

RESUMO

SETTING: The three Basic Management Units (BMUs) of the National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) in Cotonou, Benin. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among tuberculosis (TB) patients in Cotonou. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of consecutively registered TB patients treated for a minimum of 2 weeks between June and July 2014 in the three BMUs, with measurement of their fasting blood glucose (FBG). A patient was considered as having DM if venous FBG was ⩾7 mmol/l or if they reported a known history of DM. RESULT: There were 159 patients assessed: 114 with new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), 5 with new smear-negative PTB, 8 with extra-pulmonary TB, 21 retreatment patients with fully susceptible bacilli and 11 with multidrug-resistant TB. Of these, respectively 31 (19%), 18 (11%) and 10 (6%) were human immunodeficiency virus co-infected, smokers and hypertensive. Eight patients (5%) had impaired fasting glucose and three (1.9%) had DM (FBG ⩾ 7 mmol/l), of whom two were already known to have the disease and one was newly diagnosed. CONCLUSION: DM may not be an important risk factor for TB in Cotonou. A larger study on TB and DM in the whole country is needed.


Cadre : Les trois Centres de Dépistage et de Traitement de la Tuberculose (TB) de Cotonou, Bénin.Objectif : Déterminer la prévalence du diabète sucré (DM) parmi les patients tuberculeux à Cotonou.Méthode : Etude transversale avec enrôlement successif de tous les patients tuberculeux traités depuis au moins 2 semaines entre juin et juillet 2014, et mesure de leur glycémie à jeun. Le diagnostic de DM était retenu sur la base d'une glycémie veineuse à jeun ⩾ 7 mmol/l ou d'un antécédent de DM rapporté par le patient.Résultat : Au total, 159 patients étaient inclus : 114 nouveaux cas de TB pulmonaire à microscopie positive, 5 nouveaux cas de TB pulmonaire à microscopie négative, 8 cas de TB extrapulmonaire, 21 cas de retraitement à germes sensibles et 11 cas de TB multirésistante. D'eux, respectivement 31 (19%), 18 (11%) et 10 (6%) étaient co-infectés, fumeurs et hypertendus. Il y avait huit patients (5%) intolérants au glucose et trois (1.9%) diabétiques, dont un nouvellement diagnostiqué.Conclusion : A Cotonou, le DM ne semble pas être un facteur de risque majeur de développement d'une TB-maladie. Une étude à l'échelle nationale s'avère nécessaire pour cerner l'ampleur de cette affection parmi les tuberculeux dans tout le pays.


Marco de referencia: Las tres Unidades Básicas de Tratamiento en el Programa Nacional contra la Tuberculosis de Beni, en Cotonou.Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de diabetes (DM) en los pacientes con diagnóstico de tuberculosis (TB) en Cotonou.Método: Fue este un estudio transversal de los pacientes registrados de manera consecutiva y que recibieron tratamiento como mínimo durante 2 semanas, de junio a julio del 2014, en las Unidades Básicas de Tratamiento, a quienes se practicó una glucemia plasmática en ayunas. Se definió el diagnóstico de DM como una glucemia en ayunas ⩾ 126 mg/dl (o 7 mmol/l) o la referencia por el paciente de un diagnóstico conocido de DM.Resultados: Se evaluaron 159 pacientes, de los cuales 114 casos nuevos de TB pulmonar con baciloscopia positiva, 5 casos con baciloscopia negativa, 8 casos de TB extrapulmonar, 21 casos en retratamiento antituberculoso con bacilos normosensibles y 11 casos de TB multidrogorresistente. De estos pacientes, 31 presentaron coinfección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (19%), 18 eran fumadores (11%) y 10 eran hipertensos (6%). Se detectaron ocho pacientes con una glucemia basal alterada (5%) y tres con DM (1,9%), de los cuales dos ya conocían el diagnóstico.Conclusión: Al parecer la DM no constituye un factor mayor de riesgo de contraer la TB en Cotonou. Es necesario llevar a cabo un estudio más amplio a escala nacional sobre ambas enfermedades.

3.
Public Health Action ; 3(2): 160-5, 2013 Jun 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26393021

RESUMO

SETTING: Centre National Hospitalier de Pneumo-Phtisi-ologie, Cotonou, Benin. OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion of individuals needing treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among patients previously treated for TB. DESIGN: A retrospective cross-sectional study of all patients previously treated for TB in Cotonou from 2003 to 2011. RESULTS: Of 956 patients on retreatment, 897 (94%) underwent culture and/or a line-probe assay. For different reasons, 594 (66%) underwent drug susceptibility testing for rifampicin (RMP), of whom 95 (16%) had RMP resistance (68 multidrug-resistance [MDR] and 27 other RMP resistance) and therefore needed treatment for MDR-TB. These represent 39% of patients who failed/relapsed after standardised retreatment, and 20% of those who failed, 19% of defaulters and 11% of relapses after first-line treatment. Residence outside of Benin was associated with a higher risk of RMP resistance (RR 3.13, 95%CI 2.19-4.48, P < 0.01). From 2003 to 2011, the prevalence of RMP resistance decreased from 25% to 5% among patients living in Benin. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence was 25%; no association was found between HIV and RMP resistance. Of patients failing treatment, 48% were fully susceptible, 22% were monoresistant and 8% polyresistant. CONCLUSION: The majority of patients who fail retreatment or first-line treatment in Cotonou do not require empirical treatment for MDR-TB.

4.
Rev Mal Respir ; 29(5): 714-8, 2012 May.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22682598

RESUMO

Described by Reich and Johnson in 1992 [2], the Lady Windermere syndrome occurs exclusively in non-smoking women over the age of 60 years, without significant pre-existing pulmonary disease. It comprises bronchial dilatation, typically in the middle lobe and lingula, together with secondary infection by atypical mycobacteria (Mycobacterium avium in the first cases). Among the 17 cases of atypical mycobacterial infection that we have seen in the past 14 years, there were seven cases of this syndrome. It was associated with cough, sputum, sometimes haemoptysis, febrile episodes and deterioration of general health. The diagnostic criteria and treatment were defined by the American Thoracic Society. The pathophysiological hypothesis proposed by Reich and Johnson was that voluntary suppression of the cough led to congestion of the bronchi and secondary infection with atypical mycobacteria. Currently it is thought more likely that the following factors are involved: progressive increase in dilatation of small bronchi, delayed diagnosis, morphological abnormalities of the thorax, hormonal factors, immune deficiency, genetic neutrophil dysfunction, and even heterozygous forms of cystic fibrosis.


Assuntos
Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/diagnóstico , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/microbiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Infecções Respiratórias/microbiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Coinfecção/diagnóstico , Coinfecção/microbiologia , Coinfecção/patologia , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Pneumopatias/diagnóstico , Pneumopatias/microbiologia , Pneumopatias/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecções por Mycobacterium não Tuberculosas/patologia , Radiografia Torácica , Infecções Respiratórias/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Síndrome
5.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis ; 15(1): 67-70, 2011 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21276299

RESUMO

SETTING: The main tuberculosis (TB) centre in Benin, West Africa, where only 2% of adult pulmonary TB cases are sputum smear-negative, all other pulmonary cases being smear-positive. OBJECTIVES: To assess the burden of smear-negative, culture-positive pulmonary TB among TB suspects in Cotonou, and to estimate the total number of non-smear-positive TB cases at country level. DESIGN: For 1 year, one morning sputum culture was performed for every TB suspect (cough lasting >3 weeks, as defined in Benin's national guidelines) with three negative sputum smears (fluorescence technique). RESULTS: Of 214 TB suspects for whom culture was performed, only 22 smear-negative, culture-positive cases were identified. During the same period, 831 sputum smear-positive cases were diagnosed. Culture therefore contributed only 2.6% of the total number of bacteriologically proven cases. CONCLUSION: These results show the relatively low input of culture in TB diagnosis among chronic coughers in Cotonou, Benin, and demonstrates that the expected number of non-smear-positive TB cases in Benin is probably much lower than the World Health Organization's current annual estimates.


Assuntos
Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Tosse/epidemiologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Escarro/microbiologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Benin/epidemiologia , Tosse/tratamento farmacológico , Tosse/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Fatores de Tempo , Tuberculose Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/microbiologia , Adulto Jovem
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