RESUMO
We performed a prospective, double-masked, placebo-controlled, six-period, cross-over study in which normal subjects were randomly assigned to treatment and compared three different formulations of apraclonidine hydrochloride (the present commercially available formulation, and formulations with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose or lysolecithin). We also evaluated the efficacy of a 16-microliters and 30-microliters drop size. The magnitude and duration of decrease in intraocular pressure was comparable for all formulations. Most subjects tolerated all formulations well with only a few reporting any side effects. The best-tolerated formulation was 0.5% apraclonidine hydrochloride delivered with a 16-microliters drop size. Dry mouth developed frequently with the commercially available 1% apraclonidine solution. Blurred vision complicated the use of the formulation containing hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. Both dry mouth (P less than .05) and blurred vision (P = .004) were statistically significant side effects.
Assuntos
Agonistas alfa-Adrenérgicos/administração & dosagem , Clonidina/análogos & derivados , Pressão Intraocular/efeitos dos fármacos , Agonistas alfa-Adrenérgicos/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Clonidina/administração & dosagem , Clonidina/efeitos adversos , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Formulários Farmacêuticos como Assunto , Humanos , Derivados da Hipromelose , Lisofosfatidilcolinas/administração & dosagem , Lisofosfatidilcolinas/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Metilcelulose/administração & dosagem , Metilcelulose/efeitos adversos , Metilcelulose/análogos & derivados , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Placebos , Estudos Prospectivos , Transtornos da Visão/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
We investigated the effect of dexamethasone on gentamicin prophylaxis of pseudophakic bacterial endophthalmitis in a rabbit model. In 20 eyes treated with gentamicin and either dexamethasone or dexamethasone vehicle, there were no cases of either clinical or culture-positive endophthalmitis.
Assuntos
Extração de Catarata/efeitos adversos , Dexametasona/uso terapêutico , Endoftalmite/prevenção & controle , Infecções Estreptocócicas/prevenção & controle , Animais , Gentamicinas/administração & dosagem , Gentamicinas/uso terapêutico , Lentes Intraoculares , CoelhosRESUMO
One hundred thirty cases of ulcerative keratitis occurring from 1985 to 1989 at Sinai Hospital of Baltimore were reviewed. Positive corneal cultures were obtained from 40% of cases. The most common isolates were Staphylococcus epidermidis (28%), S. aureus (16%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa was the most common in contact lens wearers. Antibiotic pretreatment did not affect the rate of positive cultures significantly. Bilateral conjunctival and eyelid margin cultures also were examined. An association was found between corneal and ipsilateral conjunctival isolates (P = .05). Gram stains were consistently negative. Most patients were treated successfully as outpatients. The value of simultaneous conjunctival and eyelid margin cultures and Gram stains was questioned.
