RESUMO
Findings from the analyses of the dose-response relationship are reviewed with regard to different effects of acute radiation exposure. The analyses have been performed based on the dosimetry and clinical data for the nuclear workers acutely exposed to gamma rays or gamma rays and neutrons as a result of radiation accidents at the Mayak Production Association (Russia). The statistically significant risk curves for morbidity and mortality from acute radiation syndrome (ARS), as well as risks of the onset of vomiting at the prodromal phase and agranulocytosis, have been obtained. The Weibull model appropriately describes the corresponding risk curves. Estimates of the dose thresholds have been obtained for ARS morbidity (â¼0.7 Gy) and mortality (â¼6-7 Gy), vomiting at the prodromal phase (â¼1.5 Gy), and agranulocytosis (â¼3.5 Gy). The statistically significant power dependence between the onset of vomiting at the prodromal phase and the onset of agranulocytosis, as well as the dose dependence for the onset of agranulocytosis, has been revealed.
Assuntos
Síndrome Aguda da Radiação/epidemiologia , Síndrome Aguda da Radiação/etiologia , Exposição Ambiental/efeitos adversos , Síndrome Aguda da Radiação/patologia , Síndrome Aguda da Radiação/fisiopatologia , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doses de Radiação , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
To study early (deterministic) and long-term effects of radiation exposure, the "Clinic" medical-dosimetric database for the Mayak Production Association worker cohort has been established at the Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI). This paper describes the principles of organization, structure and prospects of future utilization of this database.
Assuntos
Bases de Dados como Assunto , Reatores Nucleares , Exposição Ocupacional , Doses de Radiação , Liberação Nociva de Radioativos , Contaminação Radioativa do Ar , Humanos , Modelos Biológicos , Federação RussaRESUMO
Results of dose-response analyses for different clinical symptoms of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) are reported here. The analyses were performed on dosimetric and clinical data from a group of ARS patients (59 cases) exposed to gamma and neutron or gamma radiation alone due to nuclear accidents at Mayak Production Association (Mayak PA). Findings suggested the possibility of prediction of injury severity within the first hours or days after acute exposure based on clinical symptoms and signs such as the onset of vomiting, neutrophil count abnormalities in the peripheral blood within the first 2-3 hours after acute exposure, and lymphocyte count abnormalities in the peripheral blood within the first 24-48 h after acute exposure.
