Levels of 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoenzymes in normal and pathological sera.

The levels of 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase isoenzymes (5'-NPD; EC 3.1.4.1) in sera of 54 healthy donors and 201 inpatients were measured. Isozymes were separated electrophoretically and designated as 5'-NPD-0, -I, -II, -III, -IV and -V in the reverse order of their electrophoretic mobility. In healthy donors all isozymes except 5'-NPD-V were detectable. In pathological sera isozymes 0 to V were elevated in 26.0%, 20.5%, 14.0%, 30.5%, 7.0% and 15.0% of the cases, respectively. Decreased values were found in 6-7%, with the exception of 5'-NPD-IV showing decreased activities in 23.5% of the patients. This average distribution pattern was found in many disorders. However, in diseases of the liver and the pancreas a remarkable accumulation of cases with elevated levels of all isozymes, except 5'-NPD-IV, was observed. All isozymes, except 5'-NPD-IV, showed many significant correlations with other laboratory parameters indicating liver disease. Isozyme IV was not related to these parameters but exhibited a strong correlation with serum albumin. 5'-NPD-II was unproportionally often increased in patients with liver cirrhosis and was the only isozyme with on the average higher levels in women than in men.

Catalytic activity concentrations of diadenosine tetraphosphate hydrolase in normal and pathological sera.

The levels of diadenosine tetraphosphate hydrolase, a nucleotide pyrophosphatase (EC 3.6.1.9), were measured in human sera with a bioluminescence method. 40 sera of healthy donors and 207 samples obtained from inpatients of a medical clinic were analysed. About two thirds of the patients showed increased hydrolase levels, as compared to the normal donors. Elevated levels were not specific for a certain disease, and they were found in quite different disorders. There was no indication for a dependency of enzyme activity on age or sex of the patients. The comparison of diadenosine tetraphosphate hydrolase with seven other laboratory parameters revealed a highly significant correlation with gamma-glutamyl transferase, suggesting that the liver may be a source of elevated serum activities. There was evidence that the gastrointestinal tract and the pancreas may also be regarded as possible organ sources of the hydrolase.

[Dosage of calcium and phosphate in parenteral feeding]. / Untersuchungen zur Dosierung von Kalzium und Phosphat bei parenteraler Ernährung.

In a carbohydrate combination solution containing 12.5 mEq/1 calcium and 12 mmol/1 phosphate the concentrations of calcium and phosphate were kept constant during parenteral infusion therapy with carbohydrate, at a rate of 0.5 g/kg/h and amino acids at a rate of 0.1 g/kg/h. Balance for calcium and phosphate was positive. Calcium excretion was slightly above the levels determined in oral nutrition. A slight modification of calcium supplement by changing the concentration of the solution to 10 mEq/1 is suggested.

[Peptone-stimulated gastric secretion and antacids. Effect of antacids with various content of calcium, magnesium and aluminiumions on the peptone-induced secretion of gastric juice, double-blind study]. / Peptone-stimulierte Magensäure-Sekretion und Antazida. Die Wirkung von Antazida mit unterschiedlichem Gehalt an Kalzium-, Magnesium- und Aluminium-Ionen auf die Peptone-induzierte Magensäure-Sekretion, Doppelblind-Studie.

A double-blind-trial was performed to prove the effect of antacids containing Mg (OH)2, Al (OH)3 and CaCO3 on peptone-stimulated gastric secretion (intragastric titration). A high efficacy of antacids given after meals was demonstrated. After application of antacids no significant rise in serum gastrin levels during intragastric titration was found. Serum calcium and magnesium levels remained unchanged. Peptone-stimulated gastric secretion was not influenced by application of different antacids within a period of 2 hours.

[Carbohydrate administration and electrolyte balance in patients under intensive care]. / Kohlenhydratzufuhr und Elektrolytbilanz bei Intensiv behandlungspatienten

A twenty-four percent solution of carbohydrates 0.2 g/kg/h consisting of fructose, xylit and glucose in a 2:1:1 ratio and an aminoacid solution 0.03 g/kg/h were given to 13 patients of the internal medicine intensive care unit. There was an unimportant loss of carbohydrates, only, with but few exceptions, i.e. a loss of 11% in 3 patients. The results demonstrate that the carbohydrates of the combined solution become utilized independent of each other. The balance of water, sodium, potassium and magnesium were not only negative but also positive. The elimination of calcium was between 1-19 mval/24 h, of phosphate between 0.6-8.7 mval/24 h.