A systemic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adult clients in Ethiopia.

Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for premature mortality and excessive morbidity in the world. It is a growing public health problem in developing countries including Ethiopia. It is a silent killer. Information on the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors is to be considered vital to focus on early diagnosis and improve prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases. However, on the prevalence and contributing factors of hypertension in Ethiopia, there is a dearth of information. Thus, this review aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of hypertension and its contributing factors among Ethiopia's adult population. Objective: The main objective of this study was to provide pooled evidence on the prevalence of hypertension among the adult population in Ethiopia. Methods and material: This systematic review and meta-analysis were searched through MEDLINE/ Pub Med, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar by using different search terms on the prevalence of hypertension and Ethiopia. Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument was used for critical appraisal of studies. The analysis was done using STATA 14 software. The Cochran Q test and I2 test statistics were used to test the heterogeneity of studies. Egger's test was used to show the publication bias. The pooled prevalence of HDP and the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval were presented using forest plots. Results: A total of 22 studies with 14,202 participants were included in this review and the overall estimated prevalence of hypertension among the adult population in Ethiopia was 28.02% (95% CI (23.89%, 32.15%). Age 4.37(2.71, 6.04), sex (AOR=2.54, 95% CI: 1.00-4.09), family history of hypertension (AOR=3.05, 95% CI, 1.89, 4.21), inactive physical exercise (AOR=2.67, 95% CI: 1.38, 3.97), being obese (AOR=3.94, 95CI:2.83, 5.06), khat chewing (AOR=3.73, 95% CI: 2.65, 4.80), salt consumption (AOR=4.20, 95% CI: 1.55, 6.86) were significantly associated factors. Subgroup meta-analysis done by region showed that a higher in Tigray region 52.19(46.54, 57.66), and the lower was observed in Harare region1 2.71 (9.54, 15.87). Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension among the adult population in Ethiopia is high. Healthcare professionals and other stakeholders should give attention to the early detection of hypertension in Ethiopia to reduce the burden of the disorder.

Health-related quality of life and associated factors among cancer patients in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Cancer is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in every part of the world, regardless of human development. Cancer patients exhibit a wide range of signs and symptoms. Being diagnosed with cancer has a variety of consequences that can affect one's quality of life. The term "health-related quality of life" refers to a multidimensional concept that encompasses a person's whole health. The availability of data on the prevalence of poor quality of life among cancer patients in Ethiopia is critical in order to focus on early detection and enhance cancer treatment strategies. In Ethiopia, however, there is a scarcity of information. As a result, the aim of this study was to determine the pooled estimated prevalence of quality of life among cancer patients in Ethiopia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis were searched through MEDLINE, Pub Med, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar by using different search terms on the prevalence of health-related quality of life of cancer patients and Ethiopia. Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument was used for critical appraisal of studies. The analysis was done using STATA 14 software. The Cochran Q test and I2 test statistics were used to test the heterogeneity of studies. The funnel plot and Egger's test were used to show the publication bias. The pooled prevalence of health-related quality of life of cancer with a 95% confidence interval was presented using forest plots. RESULTS: A total of 12 studies with 3, 479 participants were included in this review and the overall pooled estimates mean score of health-related quality of life among cancer patients in Ethiopia was 57.91(44.55, 71.27, I2 = 98.8%, p≤0.001). Average monthly income (AOR:3.70;95%CI:1.31,6.10), Stage of cancer (AOR:4.92;95% CI:2.96,6.87), Physical functioning(AOR:4.11;95%CI:1.53,6.69), Social functioning(AOR:3.91;95% CI:1.68,6.14) were significantly associated with quality of life. Subgroup meta-analysis of health-related quality of life of cancer patients in Ethiopia done by region showed that a higher in Addis Ababa 83.64(78.69, 88.60), and lower in SNNP region16.22 (11.73, 20.71), and subgroup analysis done based on the type of cancer showed that higher prevalence of health-related quality of life among cancer patients was breast cancer 83.64(78.69, 88.60). CONCLUSION: This review showed that the overall health related quality of life was above an average. Furthermore, average monthly income, cancer stage, physical, and social functioning were all significant determinants in cancer patients' QOL.as a result, this review suggests that quality of life evaluation be incorporated into a patient's treatment routine, with a focus on linked components and domains, as it is a critical tool for avoiding and combating the effects of cancer and considerably improving overall health. In general, more research is needed to discover crucial determining elements utilizing more robust study designs.

Burden of undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among adult populations in Wolaita Sodo Town, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is defined as two or more measurements of systolic blood pressure equal to or greater than 130 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure equal to or greater than 80 mm Hg. At the community level, symptoms of hypertension are not often detected in the early stages and it leads to many people being left undiagnosed with the disease. Undiagnosed hypertension increases the risk of complications like heart failure, kidney failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, and premature death. There is a paucity of studies concerning the burden of undiagnosed hypertension in Ethiopia including the study area. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the burden of undiagnosed hypertension among adults in Wolaita Sodo Town, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia,2021. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A community-based cross-sectional study involving 662 study participants was conducted at Wolaita Sodo Town from May 3 to July 3, 2021. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the total number of participants. The data was entered using Epidata version 3, and analyzed by SPSS version 25 respectively. Binary logistic regression was used to check for a possible association. P-values < 0.05 and 95% CI were used on multi-variable analysis as the threshold for the significant statistical association. RESULTS: A total of 644 have participated in the study giving a response rate of 97.3%. The mean (± SD) age of the study participants was 39.18 (± 10.64) years. This finding showed that the burden of undiagnosed hypertension was 28.8% (95% CI: 24.7-33.2%). Body mass index with overweight (AOR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.17-6.86), the presence of unrecognized diabetic mellitus (AOR = 1.31 95% CI: 1.11-2.15) habit of alcohol drinking (AOR = 2.91, 95% CI: 1.31-4.48), triglyceride (AOR = 3.48 95% CI: 1.22-9.95), age 31-43 years (AOR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.02-2.01) were significantly associated factors with undiagnosed hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of undiagnosed hypertension findings was high. Body mass index with overweight, unrecognized diabetic mellitus the habit of alcohol drinking, triglyceride, and age 31-43 years were the factors with undiagnosed hypertension. These findings suggested that preventing risk factors and screening for hypertension at the community level should be encouraged for early detection, and monitoring of the burden of hypertension with ages more than 30 years old, high body mass index, and undiagnosed diabetic mellitus in the population.