Estrongiloidiasis ¿la enfermedad tropical más desatendida? / Strongyloidiasis: the most neglected tropical disease?

Introducción: la estrongiloidiasis es producida por Strongyloides stercoralis, un helminto intestinal que se encuentra ampliamente distribuido en las áreas tropicales y subtropicales con cuadro clínico variado. Presentación del caso: paciente con infección por el parásito y manifestaciones pleurales, digestivas y hematológicas. El caso fue confirmado mediante endoscopia de vías digestivas altas. El paciente recibió tratamiento con derivados de los benzimidazoles (albendazol) por la difícil accesibilidad al medicamento ivermectina debido al uso en la pandemia actual por SARS COV 2 en nuestro país.

Introduction: Strongyloidiasis is caused by Strongyloides stercoralis, an intestinal helminth which is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas with varied clinical presentation. Case presentation: we present a patient with S. stercoralis infection with pleural, gastrointestinal tract and hematological manifestations. The diagnosis was confirmed by upper GI endoscopy. The patient received treatment with benzimidazole derivatives (albendazole), for ivermectin is difficult to get due to its use during the current SARS COV 2 pandemic in our country.

WALANT Technique versus Local Anesthesia with a Tourniquet in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

Objectives: Obtaining a blood-free surgical field is critical during carpal tunnel decompression (CTD) to identify anatomic structures and avoid iatrogenic injury. A tourniquet is often used to minimize bleeding and improve visualization. However, it may be associated with discomfort and intolerance when sedation is not employed. WALANT ("Wide awake local anesthesia no tourniquet") technique surgeries have become very popular and enable the patient to be involved in the procedure; in addition, the adrenaline avoids the use of the tourniquet and the discomfort it produces. We hypothesized that there is no difference in postoperative pain after CTD between local anesthetic with a tourniquet (LA-T) and WALANT technique. The objective of this paper is to report the results of CTD, comparing those performed with local anesthesia and those performed with the WALANT. Methods: In this prospective study, 60 CTS were operated in two different institutions. Patients in group 1 (30 patients) were operated under LA-T, while patients in group 2 (30patients) were operated on using lidocaine with epinephrine (WALANT). Statistical analysis was performed. Results: Postoperative pain immediately after surgery, at 4 and 24 hours, and 15, and 30 days after surgery; and degree of satisfaction did not show a significant difference between the two groups. Moreover, surgical time was slightly shorter in the LA-T group, but the difference was not significant. Conclusion: In our study, CTD performed with LA-T, and WALANT technique resulted in similar results. In cases of experienced surgeons, LA-T may be enough to perform the procedure, avoiding epinephrine's low but complex complications. In less experienced surgeons who require more surgical time, the use of WALANT may increase the intraoperative comfort of the patient.

Impact Analysis of the Brazilian Suicide Prevention Campaign "Yellow September": an Ecological Study.

INTRODUCTION: Yellow September (YS) is a Brazilian suicide prevention campaign implemented in 2015, however, its effectiveness in reducing mortality is still unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is an ecologically interrupted time series study that analyses the evolution of suicide rates in Brazil between 2011 and 2019 and its association with the implementation of YS at a national level. Data was provided by the Mortality Information System. A segmented interrupted series regression analysis was performed, using a generalized linear Poisson model, with correction for seasonal trends. RESULTS: There was an increase in the annual rates of suicide deaths between 2011 and 2019, with 4.99 and 6.41 suicides per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. The null hypothesis, that the YS did not change the historical trend of growth in suicides in Brazil after its implementation, was affirmed. However, there was an eventual significant increase of 6.2% in the risk of mortality in 2017 and of 8.6% in 2019. DISCUSSION: The results are consistent with the literature, which proposes that campaigns focused solely on publications through the media generate unsound findings regarding the effective reduction in the number of deaths by suicide. Conclusions: The lack of initiative in multisectoral actions may explain the failure of YS on changing deaths by suicide, therefore the development of new lines of action focused on training professionals and expanding the care network could make it an effective instrument in reducing mortality from suicide. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of initiative in multisectoral actions may explain the failure of YS on changing deaths by suicide, therefore the development of new lines of action focused on training professionals and expanding the care network could make it an effective instrument in reducing mortality from suicide.

Profilaxis para sangrado gastrointestinal en pacientes del servicio de medicina interna de un hospital universitario / Gastrointestinal bleeding prophylaxis in internal medicine patients of a univeristy hospital

Introducción: Los medicamentos antiulcerosos son utilizados frecuentemente en pacientes hospitalizados, sin embargo, a menudo este uso no está indicado. Objetivo: Describir la frecuencia de prescripción e indicación de medicamentos para prevenir el sangrado gastrointestinal en pacientes hospitalizados. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte trasversal, descriptivo, prospectivo del servicio de Medicina Interna de la Sociedad de Cirugía de Bogotá- Hospital de San José de Bogotá, Colombia. Se excluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de sangrado gastrointestinal o antecedente de alergia a los medicamentos antiulcerosos. Se recolectaron datos demográficos, así como fármacos prescritos. Se determinó si la indicación del fármaco era adecuada y se identificó el tipo de error de prescripción. Resultados: Se incluyeron 179 pacientes, 102 (57%) mujeres. Promedio de edad de 61,3 años (±20,2). El principal diagnóstico de ingreso fue enfermedad infecciosa 76 (42,4%). Del total de pacientes, 165 (92,17%) recibieron medicamento para prevención del sangrado gastrointestinal. La indicación fue adecuada en 75 pacientes (41,89%). El error más frecuente fue el uso en pacientes de bajo riesgo de sangrado, 101 (97,1%). Conclusión: Un alto porcentaje de los pacientes recibió medicación para la prevención del sangrado gastrointestinal. En aproximadamente la mitad de estos no estaba indicada.

Introduction: Anti-ulcer medications are frequently used in hospitalized patients, yet their use is not usually indicated. Objective: To describe the frequency of prescription and indication of medications to prevent gastrointestinal bleeding in hospitalized patients. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive, prospective study was carried out in the Internal Medicine service of the Surgery Society of Bogota-San Jose Hospital of Bogota (Colombia). Excluded patients were those with either a gastrointestinal bleeding diagnosis or a history of allergy to anti-ulcer medications. Demographic data and information regarding prescribed medications were collected. It was determined whether the medicine indication was adequate and the type of prescription error was identified. Results: 179 patients were included in the study, 57% (102) of which were women. The average age was 61.3 (±20.2) years old. Infectious disease was the main admission diagnosis (76; 42.4%). A 92.17% (165) of the total number of patients received medications to prevent gastrointestinal bleeding. This indication was adequate for 75 (41.89%) patients. The most frequent error was their use in bleeding low-risk patients (101; 97.1%). Conclusion: A high percentage of patients received medication to prevent gastrointestinal bleeding. However, in about half of these patients it was not indicated.

Treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. A systematic review

Introduction: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a prevalent condition. An evaluation of the current literature on the appropriate management of this condition will help decrease disease progression, its complications and, thus, healthcare costs caused by hospitalizations for decompensation. Objective: to evaluate the current evidence in the literature on the efficacy and safety of HFpEF treatment in terms of mortality, frequency of hospitalizations and improvement in quality of life. Methods: a systematic review of studies in the Cochrane, Medline, LILACS, and Embase databases. Clinical trials comparing the various medications used to treat adults with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and NYHA II to IV were included. Expected results: to evaluate the various current treatments of patients with HFpEF, which will contribute to building the relatively scarce evidence on this topic, thus contributing new scientific knowledge. Conclusions: the studies of SGLT2 inhibitors have shown a reduction in the combined risks of cardiovascular death, hospitalization for heart failure and improved quality of life according to the KCCQ scale. Therapeutic benefit was seen with regard to the specific population characteristics of each patient. However, studies geared towards different horizons are needed, since the currently available management is not aimed at the various specific pathophysiological mechanisms of this heterogenous clinical syndrome. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 47. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2022.2110).

Introducción: la falla cardiaca con fracción de eyección preservada (FEp) es una condición prevalente. Evaluar la literatura actual sobre el manejo adecuado de esta patología, ayudará a disminuir la progresión de la enfermedad, las complicaciones derivadas de ésta y por consiguiente de los costos al servicio de salud generados por las hospitalizaciones en casos de descompensación. Objetivo: evaluar la evidencia existente en la literatura acerca de la efectividad, y la seguridad de los tratamientos de la falla cardiaca FEp en términos de la mortalidad, la frecuencia de las hospitalizaciones y la mejoría de la calidad de vida. Métodos: revisión sistemática de estudios en las bases de datos Cochrane, Medline, LILACS, Embase. Se incluyeron ensayos clínicos que compararon los diferentes medicamentos utilizados en los tratamientos de los pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de falla cardiaca con fracción de eyección preservada, con NYHA de II a IV. Resultados esperados: evaluar los diferentes tratamientos existentes en pacientes con falla cardiaca FEp, los cuales contribuirán a la construcción de la evidencia en esta temática, siendo ésta relativamente escasa, aportando nuevo conocimiento científico. Conclusiones: los estudios de los inhibidores de SGLT2 han demostrado reducción de los riesgos combinados de muerte cardiovascular, hospitalización por insuficiencia cardiaca y mejoramiento en la calidad de vida según la escala KCCQ. Se evidenció beneficio terapéutico con relación a las características poblacionales específicas de cada paciente; sin embargo, se hace necesario realizar estudios orientados a diferentes horizontes ya que el manejo disponible actual no está dirigido a los diferentes mecanismos fisiopatológicos específicos de este síndrome clínico heterogéneo. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 47. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2022.2110).

Financing of health and the fiscal dependency of Brazilian municipalities between 2004 and 2019. / Financiamento da saúde e dependência fiscal dos municípios brasileiros entre 2004 e 2019.

This article describes the evolution of municipal financing of the Unified Health System, from 2004 to 2019, considering revenues and expenses from own and non-own sources, analyzes fiscal redistribution, according to population size and average household income, and compares this evolution in two periods, characterized as economic growth (2004-2014) and recession (2015-2019). The study was based on data from the Information System on Public Health Budgets. There was real growth in municipal spending on health from 2004 to 2014 (156.3%), with a drop between 2014 and 2015, followed by a recovery between 2015 and 2019. During the recession period, there was an overall increase in the fiscal dependence of municipalities, indicated by the increase in non-own revenues, even with the decrease in the Federal Government participation in transfers. The growth of own health expenses was lower among municipalities with lower household income, while for non-own expenses it was higher in municipalities with a smaller population size. In short, the results indicate a process of increasing municipal spending on health, as well as the increased fiscal dependence of municipalities to fund health, intensified after the 2015 crisis, which especially affected small and lower income municipalities.

Este artigo descreve a evolução do financiamento municipal do Sistema Único de Saúde, de 2004 a 2019, considerando receitas e despesas de fontes próprias e não-próprias, analisa a redistribuição fiscal, de acordo com o porte populacional e a renda média domiciliar, e compara essa evolução em dois períodos, caracterizados como de crescimento econômico (2004-2014) e de recessão (2015-2019). O estudo se baseou em dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Orçamentos Públicos em Saúde. Constatou-se crescimento real dos gastos municipais em saúde de 2004 a 2014 (156,3%), com queda entre 2014 e 2015, seguida de recuperação até 2019. Na recessão, detectou-se aumento global da dependência fiscal dos municípios, indicada pelo aumento de receitas não-próprias, mesmo com a diminuição da participação da União nas transferências. O crescimento das despesas próprias em saúde foi menor entre os municípios de menor renda domiciliar, enquanto para as despesas não-próprias foi maior nos municípios de menor porte populacional. Em suma, indica-se um processo de incremento dos gastos municipais em saúde, assim como o aumento da dependência fiscal para custeio da saúde, intensificado após a crise de 2015, que atingiu especialmente os municípios de pequeno porte e de menor renda domiciliar.

Effect of Opaganib on Supplemental Oxygen and Mortality in Patients with Severe SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia

RationaleThere are few treatment options for severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Opaganib is an oral treatment under investigation. ObjectiveEvaluate opaganib treatment in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. MethodsA randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase 2/3 trial was conducted in 60 sites worldwide from August 2020 to July 2021. Patients received either opaganib (n=230; 500mg twice daily) or matching placebo (n=233) for 14 days. Main Outcome MeasurementsPrimary outcome was the proportion of patients no longer requiring supplemental oxygen by day 14. Secondary outcomes included changes in the World Health Organization Ordinal Scale for Clinical Improvement, viral clearance, intubation, and mortality at 28- and 42-days. Main ResultsPre-specified primary and secondary outcome analyses did not demonstrate statistically significant benefit (except for time to viral clearance). Post-hoc analysis revealed the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) at baseline was prognostic for opaganib treatment responsiveness and corresponded to disease severity markers. Patients with FiO2 levels at or below the median value ([≤]60%) had better outcomes after opaganib treatment (n=117) compared to placebo (n=134). The proportion of patients with [≤]60% FIO2 at baseline that no longer required supplemental oxygen ([≥]24 hours) by day 14 of opaganib treatment increased (76.9% vs 63.4%: p-value =0.033). There was a 62.6% reduction in intubation/mechanical ventilation (6.84% vs 17.91%; p-value=0.012) and a clinically meaningful 62% reduction in mortality (5.98% vs 16.7%; p-value=0.019) by day 42. No new safety concerns observed. ConclusionsPost-hoc analysis supports opaganib benefit in COVID-19 severe pneumonia patients that require lower supplemental oxygen ([≤]60% FiO2). Further studies are warranted. Trial registration numberNCT04467840

Financiamento da saúde e dependência fiscal dos municípios brasileiros entre 2004 e 2019 / Financing of health and the fiscal dependency of Brazilian municipalities between 2004 and 2019

Resumo Este artigo descreve a evolução do financiamento municipal do Sistema Único de Saúde, de 2004 a 2019, considerando receitas e despesas de fontes próprias e não-próprias, analisa a redistribuição fiscal, de acordo com o porte populacional e a renda média domiciliar, e compara essa evolução em dois períodos, caracterizados como de crescimento econômico (2004-2014) e de recessão (2015-2019). O estudo se baseou em dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Orçamentos Públicos em Saúde. Constatou-se crescimento real dos gastos municipais em saúde de 2004 a 2014 (156,3%), com queda entre 2014 e 2015, seguida de recuperação até 2019. Na recessão, detectou-se aumento global da dependência fiscal dos municípios, indicada pelo aumento de receitas não-próprias, mesmo com a diminuição da participação da União nas transferências. O crescimento das despesas próprias em saúde foi menor entre os municípios de menor renda domiciliar, enquanto para as despesas não-próprias foi maior nos municípios de menor porte populacional. Em suma, indica-se um processo de incremento dos gastos municipais em saúde, assim como o aumento da dependência fiscal para custeio da saúde, intensificado após a crise de 2015, que atingiu especialmente os municípios de pequeno porte e de menor renda domiciliar.

Abstract This article describes the evolution of municipal financing of the Unified Health System, from 2004 to 2019, considering revenues and expenses from own and non-own sources, analyzes fiscal redistribution, according to population size and average household income, and compares this evolution in two periods, characterized as economic growth (2004-2014) and recession (2015-2019). The study was based on data from the Information System on Public Health Budgets. There was real growth in municipal spending on health from 2004 to 2014 (156.3%), with a drop between 2014 and 2015, followed by a recovery between 2015 and 2019. During the recession period, there was an overall increase in the fiscal dependence of municipalities, indicated by the increase in non-own revenues, even with the decrease in the Federal Government participation in transfers. The growth of own health expenses was lower among municipalities with lower household income, while for non-own expenses it was higher in municipalities with a smaller population size. In short, the results indicate a process of increasing municipal spending on health, as well as the increased fiscal dependence of municipalities to fund health, intensified after the 2015 crisis, which especially affected small and lower income municipalities.

Currículo informal singular: eletividade na formação médica durante a pandemia / Singular informal curriculum: electiveness in medical training during the pandemic

Resumo: Introdução: A interrupção das atividades de ensino imposta pela pandemia de Sars-CoV-2 ofereceu uma oportunidade ímpar de analisar os hábitos de estudo extracurriculares dos estudantes de Medicina, buscando compreender como a inexistência de um direcionamento institucional temático impactou a formação médica durante esse período de isolamento social. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrência, as temáticas e as principais fontes dos estudos durante o período de suspensão de aulas na pandemia. Método: Trata-se de um estudo analítico e descritivo com dados colhidos a partir de um questionário virtual aplicado a estudantes de Medicina de uma instituição de ensino superior. Resultado: A partir da suspensão total das aulas, dos 310 participantes, 152 (49,0%) discentes alegaram ter estudado temas relacionados à área de ciências da saúde e 93 (30,0%) estudaram temas não relacionados à área de ciências da saúde. Estatisticamente, houve preferência exclusiva por uma área outra (p < 0,001), indicando dois perfis de estudo no período. Os interesses temáticos mais abundantes foram aqueles abordados em eventos médicos virtuais, como congressos ou simpósios, bem como os relacionados à Covid-19. Entre os temas mais citados, destacaram-se: fisiologia, clínica médica e geral ou especializada, anatomia, idiomas, finanças e filosofia. Conclusão: A despeito da suspensão das atividades acadêmicas curriculares, os estudantes buscaram novos aprendizados de acordo com suas demandas intelectivas, denotando o desenvolvimento de um currículo informal singularizado.

Abstract: Introduction: The interruption of teaching activities imposed by the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic offered a unique opportunity to analyze the extracurricular study habits of medical students, seeking to understand how the lack of a thematic institutional targeting impacted on medical training during the period of social isolation. Objective: This study aimed to evaluation of the occurrence, themes, and main sources of studies during the period of suspension of classes in the pandemic. Method: Analytical and descriptive study with data collected from a virtual questionnaire applied to medical students of a higher education institution. Result: From the complete suspension of local activities, of the 310 participants, 152 (49.0%) students claimed to have studied topics related to the health sciences and 93 (30.0%) studied topics not related to the health sciences area. Statistically, there was an exclusive preference for one area to another (p < 0.001), indicating two study profiles in the period. The most abundant thematic interests were those addressed in virtual medical events, such as conferences or symposia, as well as those related to Covid-19. It stands out as the most cited themes: physiology, medical and general or specialized clinic, anatomy, languages, finance and philosophy. Conclusion: Despite the suspension of academic activities, students sought new learning habits according to their intellectual demands, denoting the development of a singularized informal curriculum.

Pronóstico de los pacientes hospitalizados por Covid-19 que utilizaban inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina o antagonistas del receptor de angiotensina II / Prognósis of patients hospitalized due to Covid-19 who were taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers

Introducción: existe controversia acerca de la seguridad del uso de inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (iECA) o antagonistas de los receptores de angiotensina II (ARA II) en pacientes con COVID-19, debido a que la ECA-2 sirve de entrada del virus a la célula. Objetivo: evaluar la asociación del antecedente del uso de iECA o ARA II con el ingreso a UCI o la muerte intrahospitalaria. Metodología: cohorte prospectiva multicéntrica que incluyó pacientes adultos hospitalizados por coronavirus COVID-19 en tres hospitales de Bogotá, Colombia, entre abril y noviembre 2020. Se realizó un análisis univariado evaluando la asociación de los iECA y ARA II con el ingreso a UCI o la muerte intrahospitalaria. Resultados: se incluyeron 592 pacientes de los cuales 225 (38.0%) cursaban con hipertensión arterial, 108 (18.2%) diabetes y 50 (8.4%) enfermedad cardiovascular crónica, 160 (27.0%) ingresaron a UCI y 107 (18.1%) fallecieron, 32% tenía el antecedente de uso de iECA o ARA II. En el análisis univariado no se obtuvo ninguna asociación con ingreso a UCI o muerte intrahospitalaria, uso de inhibidores de la ECA OR= 1.017 (IC95% 0.887 - 1.152, p=0.800), OR=1.072 (0.952 - 1.19, p=0.968) respectivamente; uso de ARA II OR= 0.998 (IC95% 0.913-1.086, p=0.968), OR=1.045 (IC95% 0.969 - 1.122, p=0.235), respectivamente. Conclusiones: el antecedente del uso de los iECA o ARA II no se asoció con el ingreso a UCI o la muerte intrahospitalaria en pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19.

Introduction: controversy remains about the safety of using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with COVID-19, since ACE2 receptor mediates the entry of the virus into the cell. Objective: to evaluate the association of past history of ACEIs or ARBs use with admission to the ICU or in-hospital death. Methodology: prospective multicenter cohort that included adult patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 coronavirus in three hospitals in Bogota, Colombia, between April and November 2020. A univariate analysis was performed evaluating the association of ACEIs and ARBs with ICU admission or in-hospital death. Results: 592 patients were included of whom 225 (38.0%) had hypertension, 108 (18.2%) diabetes and 50 (8.4%) chronic cardiovascular disease, 160 (27.0%) were admitted to the ICU and 107 (18.1%) died, 32% had a history of prior ACEIs or ARBs use. In the univariate analysis no association was found with ICU admission or in-hospital death, ACEIs use OR= 1.017 (CI95% 0.887 - 1.152, p=0.800), OR=1.072 (0.952 - 1.19, p=0.968) respectively; use of ARBs OR= 0.998 (CI95% 0.913-1.086, p=0.968), OR=1.045 (CI95% 0.969 - 1.122, p=0.235), respectively. Conclusions: a history of prior ACEIs or ARBs use was not associated with admission to the ICU or in-hospital death in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19.

Physical Activity Level and Muscular Power of Physical Education Students / Nível de Atividade Física e Potência Muscular de Estudantes de Educação Física

Being physically active is an indispensable condition for health and quality of life. In addition, literature has presented promising studies on muscle power associations with other parameters of health-related physical fitness. However, there is still little evidence to assess the level of physical activity and muscle power. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the level of physical activity and muscular power of physical education students of a course in Rio de Janeiro. In order to reach the proposed goal, 37 physical education students of both sexes, with a mean age of 26.13 years, participated in responding the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and performing the horizontal impulse jump test for muscular power. As a result, it was observed that 86% of men were classified as very active and active. For women, 63,63% were identified as very active and active. For power, mean values of 2.02 ± 0.16 for men and 1.48 ± 0.27 for women were obtained. Therefore, it was concluded that both males and females are physically active, although males represent a greater quantitative muscle power, which is largely inferior to previously published studies. (AU).

Ser ativo fisicamente constitui condição indispensável para a saúde a qualidade de vida. Além disso, a literatura tem apresentado estudos promissores sobre as associações da potência muscular com outros parâmetros da aptidão física relacionada à saúde. No entanto, ainda são poucas as evidências que buscaram avaliar nível de atividade física e potência muscular. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o nível de atividade física e a potência muscular de estudantes de educação física de um curso no Rio de Janeiro. Para atingir ao objetivo proposto 37 estudantes de educação física, de ambos os sexos, com média de idade de 26,13 anos participaram ao responder ao Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) e executar o teste de salto de impulsão horizontal para potência muscular. Como resultado, foi observado que 86% dos homens foram classificados como muito ativos e ativos. Já para mulheres 63,63% foram identificadas como muito ativas e ativas. Para potência obteve-se os valores de média de 2,02 ± 0,16 para homens e 1,48 ± 0,27 para mulheres. Portanto, concluiu-se que tanto o sexo masculino quanto o feminino são ativos fisicamente, embora os homens representem um maior quantitativo a potência muscular mostrou-se inferior, em grande parte, aos estudos anteriormente publicados. (AU).

Asociación entre hiponatremia, mortalidad y estancia hospitalaria en pacientes con falla cardíaca descompensada / Association between hyponatremia, mortality and hospitalization in patients with acute decompensated Heart Failure / Associação entre hiponatremia, mortalidade e internação hospitalar em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca descompensada

Introducción. La hiponatremia es la alteración electrolítica más frecuente en pacientes con falla cardíaca crónica, que afecta hasta el 28% de pacientes en el ingreso hospilatario. Se ha demostrado que es un predictor independiente de mortalidad, estancia prolongada y rehospitalización. El objetivo es describir la frecuencia de hiponatremia en pacientes con falla cardíaca descompensada y su relación con la estancia hospitalaria y mortalidad. Metodología. Cohorte prospectiva en pacientes hospitalizados por el servicio de Medicina Interna en un hospital de cuarto nivel de Bogotá, Colombia, con diagnóstico de falla cardíaca descompensada entre abril de 2011 y marzo de 2012. Se midió el sodio al ingreso, a las 72 horas y al día séptimo de hospitalización. Se evaluó la relación de la hiponatremia al ingreso con la estancia hospitalaria y la mortalidad intrahospitalaria a 30 días. Resultados. Se incluyeron 162 pacientes, con promedio de edad de 72 años, 52.5% hombres. Cuarenta y uno (25.3%) presentaron hiponatremia al ingreso. Entre los pacientes que presentaron sodio normal al ingreso, 6 presentaron hiponatremia a las 72 horas y 2 a los 7 días. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria en la población total fue 9.2%, en el grupo de hiponatremia 12.2%, y 8.2% en los que no la tuvieron (p= 0.45). El promedio de estancia hospitalaria fue superior en los pacientes con hiponatremia, 6.6 vs. 8.4 días (p= 0.12). Discusión. La incidencia de hiponatremia al ingreso en este grupo de pacientes fue semejante a la reportada en la literatura. Conclusiones. Existe una tendencia hacia una mayor mortalidad y estancia hospitalaria en pacientes con hiponatremia, aun cuando no fue estadísticamente significativa. Cómo citar. Diaztagle-Fernández JJ, Chaves-Saltiago WG, Sprockel-Díaz JJ, Acevedo-Velasco AD, Rodríguez-Benítez FH, Benavides-Solarte MF, et al. Asociación entre hiponatremia, mortalidad y estancia hospitalaria en pacientes con falla cardíaca descompensada. MedUNAB. 2019;22(3), 294-303. doi: 10.29375/01237047.3497

Introduction. Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in patients with chronic heart failure affecting up to 28% of patients at admission. It has been shown to be an independent predictor of mortality, extended length of hospital stay and rehospitalization. The objective is to evaluate the presence of hyponatremia in patients with decompensated heart failure and describe its relationship with length of hospital stay and mortality. Methodology. A prospective cohort study in patients hospitalized at internal medicine service at a high level of complexity hospital in Bogotá, Colombia diagnosed with decompensated heart failure between April 2011 and March 2012. Sodium was measured on admission, 72 hours and at the seventh day of hospitalization. We evaluated the association between hyponatremia at hospital admission, mortality at 30 days and length of hospital stay. Results. 162 patients were included with an average age of 72 years, 52.5% male. Forty-one (25.3%) had hyponatremia at admission. Among the patients with normal sodium at admission, 6 had hyponatremia at 72 hours and 2 at the seventh day. Inhospital mortality in the total population was 9.2%, in the hyponatremia group 12.2%, and 8.2% in those who did not have it (p = 0.45). The average length of hospital stay was higher in patients with hyponatremia, 6.6 vs 8.4 days (p = 0.12). Discussion. The incidence of hyponatremia at admission in this group of patients was similar to that reported in the literature. Conclusions. The results showed a trend towards higher mortality and hospital stay in patients with hyponatremia, even though it was not statistically significant. Cómo citar. Diaztagle-Fernández JJ, Chaves-Saltiago WG, Sprockel-Díaz JJ, Acevedo-Velasco AD, Rodríguez-Benítez FH, Benavides-Solarte MF, et al. Asociación entre hiponatremia, mortalidad y estancia hospitalaria en pacientes con falla cardíaca descompensada. MedUNAB. 2019;22(3), 294-303. doi: 10.29375/01237047.3497

Introdução. A hiponatremia é o desequilíbrio hidroeletrolítico mais frequente em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca crônica, que afeta até 28% dos pacientes internados. Demonstrou ser um preditor independente de mortalidade, permanencia prolongada e re-internação. O objetivo é descrever a frequência de hiponatremia em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca descompensada e sua relação com internação hospitalar e mortalidade. Metodologia. Coorte prospectiva em pacientes internados pelo serviço de Medicina Interna em um hospital de quarto nível em Bogotá, Colômbia, com diagnóstico de insuficiência cardíaca descompensada, entre abril de 2011 e março de 2012. Foi medido o sódio na admissão, às 72 horas e no sétimo dia de internação. Foi avaliada a relação de hiponatremia na admissão com internação e a mortalidade hospitalar aos 30 dias. Resultados. Foram incluídos 162 pacientes, com idade média de 72 anos, 52,5% homens. Quarenta e um (25,3%) apresentaram hiponatremia na admissão. Entre os pacientes que apresentaram sódio normal na admissão, seis apresentaram hiponatremia às 72 horas, e dois aos sete dias. A mortalidade hospitalar na população total foi de 9,2%, no grupo de hiponatremia 12,2% e 8,2% naqueles que não apresentaram (p = 0,45). O tempo médio de internação foi maior nos pacientes com hiponatremia, 6,6 vs. 8,4 dias (p = 0,12). Discussão. A incidência de hiponatremia na admissão nesse grupo de pacientes foi semelhante à relatada na literatura. Conclusões. Existe uma tendência de maior mortalidade e permanência hospitalar em pacientes com hiponatremia, mesmo que não tenha sido estatisticamente significante. Cómo citar. Diaztagle-Fernández JJ, Chaves-Saltiago WG, Sprockel-Díaz JJ, Acevedo-Velasco AD, Rodríguez-Benítez FH, Benavides-Solarte MF, et al. Asociación entre hiponatremia, mortalidad y estancia hospitalaria en pacientes con falla cardíaca descompensada. MedUNAB. 2019;22(3), 294-303. doi: 10.29375/01237047.3497

Research on heart failure in Colombia 1980-2015: a systematic review / La investigación en falla cardíaca en Colombia 1980-2015: una revisión sistemática

Abstract Introduction: Heart failure is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. In Colombia, the state of research on the subject is unknown. Objective: To describe the original publications on heart failure in Colombia. Materials and methods: Systematic review. Digital search in Embase, PubMed, LILACS and Scielo, using the MeSH terms: "heart failure", "Colombian", "Colombia", "Latin America", "developing countries". Manual search of 58 journals identified in Publindex. Original research that evaluated adult Colombians with heart failure and published between 1980 and 2015 were included. Results: 2 684 articles were identified, of which 35 met the inclusion criteria. 30 (85.7%) were published since 2009, 30 (85.7%) were conducted in Bogotá and Medellín, 11 (31.4%) had n>200, 19 (54.2%) were descriptive and 5 (14.2%) quasi-experimental. Moreover, 9 (25.7%) described general populations, 9 (25.7%) addressed the issue of self-care, 3 (8.8%) cardiac rehabilitation, 3 (8.8%) perception of the disease and 3 (8.8%) prognostic factors. Conclusions: The amount of published original research on heart failure is low, and most of them were carried out recently. Descriptive design was the most frequent, while the most frequently addressed topics were self-care and population descriptions.

Resumen Introducción. La falla cardíaca es una de las enfermedades con mayor prevalencia a nivel mundial. En Colombia no se conoce con certeza el estado de la investigación en torno al tema. Objetivo. Describir las publicaciones originales en falla cardíaca en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Revisión sistemática. Búsqueda electrónica en Embase, PubMed, LILACS Y SciELO, con términos MeSH: "heart failure", "colombian", "Colombia", "Latin America", "developing countries". Búsqueda manual en 58 revistas identificadas en Publindex. Se incluyeron investigaciones originales, publicadas entre 1980 y 2015, que evaluaron población adulta colombiana con falla cardíaca. Resultados. Se identificaron 2 684 artículos: 35 cumplieron criterios de inclusión; 30 (85.7%) fueron publicados a partir del 2009; 30 (85.7%) se realizaron en Bogotá y Medellín; 11 (31.4%) tuvieron n>200; 19 (54.2%) fueron descriptivos y 5 (14.2%) cuasiexperimentales; 9 (25.7%) describieron poblaciones generales; 9 (25.7%) abordaron el tema del autocuidado, 3 (8.8%), la rehabilitación cardíaca, 3 (8.8%), la percepción de enfermedad y 3 (8.8%), los factores pronósticos. Conclusión. El número de investigaciones originales publicadas sobre falla cardíaca es escaso; la mayoría se realizó en los últimos años. El diseño descriptivo fue el más común. Los temas abordados con mayor frecuencia fueron el autocuidado y las descripciones poblacionales.

Seguimiento del cumplimiento del tratamiento en casa del paciente que egresa con diagnóstico de falla cardíaca / Follow-up of compliance with home treatment of the patient who leaves hospital with a diagnosis of heart failure

Resumen Introducción: según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, las enfermedades cardiovasculares constituyen una de las principales causas de mortalidad. Latinoamérica es una de las regiones que tiene una de las cargas más altas de factores de riesgo cardiovascular y una de las principales causas documentadas del fracaso en el control de estas enfermedades es el incumplimiento del tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico. Objetivo: evaluar el cumplimiento al tratamiento con el test de Morisky Green, así como la funcionalidad familiar y las redes de apoyo con instrumentos como el Apgar familiar y el ECO-MAPA a los 30 días del alta hospitalaria, y de las recomendaciones no farmacológicas a los 90 días. Métodos: se hizo seguimiento prospectivo a una cohorte. Treinta días después del egreso hospitalario, se hizo una visita domiciliaria, para evaluar el cumplimiento del tratamiento utilizando el test de Morisky Green y se reforzaron medidas para el tratamiento no farmacológico. A los 90 días del egreso, se llamó para evaluar el cumplimiento a las recomendaciones que se impartieron en la visita domiciliaria. Resultados: se analizaron 54 pacientes. La adherencia por el test de Morisky Green evaluada a los 30 días fue de 72% (n=39), a los 30 días en la visita domiciliaria se observó que la funcionalidad familiar fue buena en 60% (n=33), y buena red de apoyo el 63% (n=34) de los pacientes. A los 90 días el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones no farmacológicas fue de 96% (n=51) para la actividad física y la restricción hídrica, no así para la ingesta de sodio 78% (n=42). Conclusión: a los 30 días del alta hospitalaria un alto porcentaje de los pacientes no cumplen con el tratamiento. La funcionalidad familiar y las redes de apoyo no son adecuadas en el 40% de los pacientes. Indagar estas razones y hacer seguimiento al cumplimiento podrían mejorar los resultados en esta población de pacientes. Los programas de acompañamiento y la visita domiciliaria ayudan a reforzar el cumplimiento del autocuidado y deberían ser implementados para brindar a los pacientes herramientas con las cuales afrontar con una visión más amplia sus enfermedades crónicas. (Acta Med Colomb 2016; 40: 243-247).

Abstract Introduction: According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases are one of the main causes of mortality. Latin America is one of the regions that has one of the highest burdens of cardiovascular risk factors, and one of the main documented causes of failure in the control of these diseases is non-compliance with pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment. Objective: to evaluate treatment compliance with the Morisky Green test, as well as family functionality, and support networks with instruments such as the family Apgar and ECOMAPA at 30 days after discharge, and the non-pharmacological recommendations at 90 days. Methods: Prospective cohort follow-up. Thirty days after hospital discharge, a home visit was conducted to evaluate treatment compliance with the Morisky Green test and measures for non-pharmacological treatment were reinforced. At 90 days after the discharge, a phone call was made to evaluate the compliance with the recommendations given in the home visit. Results: 54 patients were analyzed. Adherence by the Morisky Green test evaluated at 30 days was 72% (n = 39), at 30 days in the home visit it was observed that the family functionality was good in 60% (n = 33), and good support network in 63% (n = 34) of patients. At 90 days, compliance with non-pharmacological recommendations was 96% (n = 51) for physical activity and water restriction, and not for sodium intake in 78% (n = 42). Conclusion: At 30 days after hospital discharge, a high percentage of patients do not comply with the treatment. Family functionality and support networks are not adequate in 40% of patients. Investigating these reasons and following up compliance could improve outcomes in this patient population. Accompanying programs and home visits help reinforce self-care compliance and should be implemented to provide patients with tools to cope with a wider vision their chronic diseases. (Acta Med Colomb 2016; 40: 243-247).

Eritema nudoso secundario a reacción tipo 2 como manifestación de lepra lepromatosa / Erythema nodosum secondary to type 2 reaction as a manifestation of lepromatous leprosy. A case report

Introducción: El eritema nudoso leproso o leprorreacción de tipo 2 supone una reacción de hipersensibilidad nmunológica humoral de tipo III en la lepra lepromatosa y borderline, la cual se presenta clásicamente como nódulos subcutáneos dolorosos en la piel, además de otras manifestaciones sistémicas. En este reporte de caso se mostrará una forma típica de este tipo de leprorreacción. Presentación del caso: Paciente masculino de 28 anos de edad, con diagnóstico de lepra lepromatosa multibacilar en tratamiento, quien fue remitido al Hospital de San José por presentar cuadro clínico de un mes de evolución de fiebre, malestar general, pérdida de peso y aumento de lesiones nodulares en miembros superiores, con hallazgo adicional de bicitopenia y neutropenia severa. Durante la estancia hospitalaria, es valorado por el Servicio de Dermatología quienes consideran el diagnóstico de eritema nudoso leproso e inician tratamiento; además se evidencia mejoría de la neutropenia con posterior aparición de leucocitosis en aumento y en el frotis de sangre periférica, la presencia de blastos, por lo que se sospecha que el paciente curse con una enfermedad hematolinfoide. Por lo anterior, es valorado por el Servicio de Hematología quienes lo descartan, tratándose entonces de una reacción leucemoide probablemente secundaria a su patología de base. Finalmente, el paciente evoluciona favorablemente y es dado de alta sin complicaciones. Conclusión: La leprorreacción de tipo 2, es una reacción inmune mediada por inmunocomplejos que se presenta típicamente como nódulos subcutáneos dolorosos en la piel, además de presentarse con síntomas constitucionales asociados y daño en otros órganos como hígado, riñón y médula ósea. El conocimiento de las leprorreacciones, el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos son fundamentales para prevenir la orbimortalidad en estos pacientes.

Introduction: Erythema nodosum leprosum, or type 2 leprosy reaction, is a type III humoral immunological reaction in the lepromatous and borderline categories of the disease. This classically presents as painful subcutaneous nodules on the skin, and other systemic manifestations. In this case report, a typical form of this type of leprosy reaction will be shown. Case presentation: A 28year-old male patient diagnosed and being treated for multibacillary lepromatous leprosy, was referred to the San Jose Hospital one month after onset. He presented with clinical symptoms such as fever, malaise, weight loss, and increased nodular lesions in the upper limbs, with additional finding of bi-cytopenia and severe neutropenia. He was evaluated by the Dermatology Department during his hospital stay, where he was diagnosed with erythema nodosum leprosum and began treatment for it. A further improvement was observed in the neutropenia, with an increase in leucocytosis. The presence of blasts was found in the peripheral blood smears, which led to the suspicion that the patient had a haemato-lymphoid disease. This was evaluated by the haematology department, but was ruled out. Therefore, this condition corresponded to a leukemoid reaction, probably secondary to the underlying disease. Finally, the patient progressed well and was discharged without complications. Conclusions: Type 2 leprosy reaction is an immune reaction mediated by the immune complex that occurs typically as painful subcutaneous nodules on the skin, in addition to the associated constitutional symptoms and damage to other organs such as liver, kidney and bone marrow. Knowledge of leprosy reactions, and their timely diagnosis and treatment are essential in preventing morbidity and mortality in these patients.

Optimization of door-to-electrocardiogram time within a critical pathway for the management of acute coronary syndromes at a teaching hospital in Colombia.

INTRODUCTION: Door-to-electrocardiogram (D2E) time is recognized as one of the quality parameters in the attention of acute coronary syndromes. Electrocardiogram realization within periods below 10 minutes increases the possibility to achieve quick and effective reperfusion, which has an impact on outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To describe the results of a strategy whose goal is to improve the fulfillment of the D2E deadline below 10 minutes in adults who attend the emergency service due to chest pain with clinical suspicion of acute coronary syndromes. METHODS: Before-and-after study that assesses D2E time upon the implementation of actions for the reorganization of the process of attention of the patients with chest pain within the context of the implementation of a critical pathway. RESULTS: A total of 373 patients were assessed, 204 in the before stage and 169 in the after stage. The median D2E time was 16 minutes in the before stage, in 41% of the cases it was below 10 minutes; upon the implementation of the change in the process of attention of chest pain the median was 5 minutes, with 63% of the cases below 10 minutes, exhibiting a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: The actions taken led to a lower median of D2E time and a higher percentage of patients with times below 10 minutes. However, further interventions are required to assure a higher number of patients with D2E times below 10 minutes.

Linfadenopatias generalizadas / Generalised lymphadenopathy as the first manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus; differential diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disease. A report

Las adenopatías generalizadas son una manifestación frecuente, aunque usualmente inespecíficae indicativa de múltiples enfermedades. Las enfermedades autoinmunes, entre ellasel lupus eritematoso sistémico, pueden tener como primera manifestación dicho hallazgo;por lo tanto se deben tener en cuenta para el diagnóstico diferencial. En los casos que sepresentan, las adenopatías diseminadas encontradas clínica y radiológicamente,fueron unavariable de confusión para el diagnóstico rápido y al que se logró llegar mediante el adecuadocontexto clínico, paraclínico y el estudio histopatológico. Dado que el lupus es unaenfermedad potencialmente fatal, es importante reconocer esta forma de presentación...

Factores asociados a mortalidad en pacientes con falla cardiaca descompensada / Factors associated with mortality in patients with decompensated heart failure

Introducción: la falla cardiaca (FC) es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad a nivel mundial, la cual ha experimentado aumento gradual de su incidencia sin variación importante en su desenlace en las dos últimas décadas. En Colombia muy pocos estudios evalúan factores asociados a mortalidad por falla cardiaca. Métodos: estudio de cohorte prospectivo en el que se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de falla cardiaca descompensada al momento del ingreso a urgencias, entre febrero de 2010 y marzo de 2013. Se calculó el tamaño de muestra y se realizó un análisis multivariado para la evaluación de los factores de riesgo asociados a mortalidad intrahospitalaria y a 30 días. Resultados: se incluyeron 462 pacientes. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue de 8.9% y a 30 días de 13.8%, en el modelo multivariado para el desenlace mortalidad intrahospitalaria se observó que la única variable con significancia estadística fue el BUN ≥43 mg/dL (OR, 3.45 [IC 95% 1.54-7.74], p= 0.003). Para la mortalidad a 30 días, la estancia hospitalaria >5 días (OR, 2.23 [IC 95% 1.20-4.12], p= 0.011), el BUN ≥43 mg/dL (OR, 2.55 [IC 95% 1.31-4.94], p= 0.005) y el NT-proBNP ≥ 4630 pg/dL (OR, 2.47 [IC 95% 1.30-4.70], p= 0.006). Conclusiones: la mortalidad intrahospitalaria de los pacientes con falla cardiaca descompensada en la población evaluada fue alta. En los análisis multivariados, se encontró que el BUN ≥ 43 mg/dL fue el único factor de riesgo independiente asociado a mortalidad intrahospitalaria; mientras que la mortalidad a 30 días se relacionó además con el NT-proBNP y la estancia hospitalaria superior a cinco días.

Introduction: heart failure is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide; it has experienced a gradual increase in incidence with no significant variation in outcome in the last two decades. In Colombia there are no studies to evaluate risk factors for mortality, which is the subject of this study. Methods: prospective cohort study in which patients with diagnosis of decompensated heart failure on admission to the emergency department between February 2010 and March 2013 were included. The sample size was calculated and a multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the risk factors associated with in-hospital and 30-day mortality. Results: 462 patients were included. Hospital mortality was 8.9% and 30-day mortality 13.8%; in the multivariate model for hospital mortality outcome was observed that the only variable with statistic significance was BUN ≥ 43 mg/dL (OR, 3.45 [95% CI 1.54- 7.74], p = 0.003). For 30 day mortality, hospital stay > 5 days (OR, 2.23 [95% CI 1.20-4.12], p = 0.011), BUN ≥43 mg/dL (OR, 2.55 [95% CI 1.31-4.94] , p = 0.005) and NT-proBNP ≥ 4630 pg/dL (OR, 2.47 [95% CI 1.30-4.70], p = 0.006). Conclusions: in-hospital mortality in patients with decompensated heart failure in the study population was high. In multivariate analysis, it was found that BUN ≥ 43 mg/dL was the only independent risk factor associated with hospital mortality, while the 30-day mortality was also associated with NT-proBNP and hospital stay greater than five days.

Cumplimiento de guías en pacientes hospitalizados con falla cardiaca ¿Cómo estamos? / Compliance with guidelines in inpatients with heart failure ¿Where are we?

Resumen La insuficiencia cardiaca es una patología de alta prevalencia, con una morbimortalidad importante, la cual genera grandes costos para el sistema de salud. Un tratamiento adecuado es fundamental para obtener buenos resultados clínicos. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar el cumplimiento de las guías de manejo farmacológico de falla cardiaca, por parte del médico, al momento del alta hospitalaria. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, prospectivo que incluyó pacientes con insuficiencia cardiaca descompensada que ingresaron a urgencias entre diciembre 2011 y febrero 2012. Se recolectaron datos de la hospitalización y de la fórmula médica de egreso. Dos evaluadores calificaron el cumplimiento de formulación de betabloqueadores (BB), Inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (IECA) o antagonistas de los receptores de angiotensina II (ARAII) y espironolactona según recomendaciones de la guía para falla cardiaca AHA 2005 ≤ actualización 2009. Se consideraron las indicaciones y contraindicaciones de cada fármaco. Para los BB, se tuvo en cuenta el tipo de BB formulado. Resultados: ingresaron 47 pacientes, edad promedio 71 años (DE 14.3), con predominio de mujeres 55.3%. Fallecieron cinco pacientes, por lo tanto se evaluó la formulación en 42 pacientes. Entre éstos 80.9% (34/42) recibieron BB, 76.1% (32/42) IECA o ARAII y 38% (16/42) espironolactona. 19 pacientes tuvieron FEVI ≤ 40%. El cumplimiento de la guía fue adecuado en 52.6% para BB, 77.7% para IECA o ARAII y 78.5% para espironolactona. Conclusiones: en este estudio encontramos un cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de las guías para falla cardiaca por debajo de lo que se espera para la atención de los pacientes. El menor cumplimiento se observó en la prescripción del betabloqueador al egreso, por una alta formulación de metoprolol tartrato. Estos datos concuerdan con estudios realizados en otros países y obligan a implementar estrategias de cumplimiento de guías para asegurar que los pacientes reciban el tratamiento adecuado. (Acta Med Colomb 2014; 39: 40-45).

Abstract Heart failure is a highly prevalent disease with significant morbidity and mortality that generates large costs to the health system. Proper treatment is essential in order to obtain good clinical outcomes. The objective of this study is to assess the compliance with the pharmacological management of heart failure guidelines by the physician at hospital discharge. Methods: a descriptive , prospective study that included patients with decompensated heart failure admitted to the emergency department between December 2011 and February 2012. Data hospitalization and prescription at hospital discharge were collected. Two reviewers rated the prescription compliance of beta blockers (BB), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB II) and spironolactone as recommended by the 2005 AHA guideline for heart failure - Update 2009. Indications and contraindications of each drug were considered. For BB, the type of BB prescribed was taken into account. Results: 47 patients were admitted. Mean age was 71 years (SD 14.3), with 55.3% female predominance. Five patients died, so the prescription was evaluated in 42 patients. Among these , 80.9% (34 /42) received BB, 76.1% (32 /42) ACE inhibitors or ARBs and 38% (16 /42) spironolactone. 19 patients had LVEF ≤ 40%. Compliance with the guidelines was adequate in 52.6% for BB, 77.7% for ACE inhibitors or ARBs and 78.5% for spironolactone. Conclusions: in this study, a compliance in guidelines recommendations for heart failure below of what is expected for the care of patients was found. The lower compliance was observed in prescribing beta blocker at discharge by a high metoprolol tartrate formulation. These data are consistent with studies realized in other countries and force to implement strategies of guidelines compliance to ensure that patients receive the appropriate treatment. (Acta Med Colomb 2014; 39: 40-45).

Miopericarditis / Myopericarditis

En urgencias el dolor torácico es la segunda causa de consulta después del trauma. Los síntomas en orden de frecuencia son: osteomusculares, cardiovasculares, respiratorios, gastrointestinales y otros. Presentación del caso: hombre de 29 años con dolor precordial opresivo de siete horas de evolución; el ECG reportó una lesión subepicárdica de cara inferior. Se pensó en infarto agudo del miocardio de cara inferior vs pericarditis. Se inició terapia anti-isquémica. El ecocardiograma evidenció discreto aumento de la refringencia del pericardio adyacente a la pared inferior del ventrículo izquierdo y función biventricular conservada. La evolución fue satisfactoria y se dió de alta a las 72 horas. Conclusiones: ante dolor torácico en urgencias hay que considerar la pericarditis y la miopericarditis, cuyos diagnósticos se basan en la historia clínica, el ECG, los biomarcadores y el ecocardiograma transtorácico. El diagnóstico temprano y manejo oportuno reduce las complicaciones...

Chest pain is the second reason for emergency room visits, trauma being number one reason. Musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal and other, are the most common symptoms in order of occurrence. Presentation of the case: 29-year-old man who presented precordial oppressive pain, seven hours after onset; electrocardiography showed a subepicardial lesion of the inferior wall. Acute myocardial infarction of the lower segment and pericarditis were the first diagnostic impressions. Antiischemic therapy was initiated. Echocardiography evidenced mild increase in brightness of the pericardium adjacent to the left ventricle inferior wall, and normal biventricular function. He evolved satisfactorily and was discharged after 72 hours. Conclusions: pericarditis and myopericarditis must be considered in cases of emergency room consultation for chest pain, diagnoses based on clinical history, ECG, biomarkers and transthoracic echocardiography. Early diagnosis and timely management reduces complications...