The Impact of Physical Activity Intensity on the Dynamic Progression of Cardiometabolic Multimorbidity: Prospective Cohort Study Using UK Biobank Data.

BACKGROUND: Although many studies have reported on the associations between the amount of physical activity (PA) and the transitions of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), the evidence for PA intensity has not been fully evaluated. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the impact of PA intensity on the dynamic progression of CMM. METHODS: The prospective cohort of this study using data from the UK Biobank included 359,773 participants aged 37-73 years who were recruited from 22 centers between 2006 and 2010. The diagnoses of CMM, which included the copresence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), ischemic heart disease, and stroke, were obtained from first occurrence fields provided by the UK Biobank, which included data from primary care, hospital inpatient record, self-reported medical condition, and death registers. The PA intensity was assessed by the proportion of vigorous PA (VPA) to moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA). Multistate models were used to evaluate the effect of PA intensity on the dynamic progression of CMM. The first model (model A) included 5 transitions, namely free of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) to first occurrence of CMD (FCMD), free of CMD to death, FCMD to CMM, FCMD to mortality, and CMM to mortality. The other model (model B) used specific CMD, namely T2D, ischemic heart disease, and stroke, instead of FCMD and included 11 transitions in this study. RESULTS: The mean age of the included participants (N=359,773) was 55.82 (SD 8.12) years at baseline, and 54.55% (196,271/359,773) of the participants were female. Compared with the participants with no VPA, participants with intensity levels of >0.75 to <1 for VPA to MVPA had a 13% and 27% lower risk of transition from free of CMD to FCMD (hazard ratio [HR] 0.87, 95% CI 0.83-0.91) and mortality (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.66-0.79) in model A, respectively. The HR for the participants with no moderate PA was 0.82 (95% CI 0.73-0.92) compared with no VPA. There was a substantially protective effect of higher PA intensity on the transitions from free of CMD to T2D and from T2D to mortality, which reveals the importance of PA intensity for the transitions of T2D. More PA and greater intensity had a synergistic effect on decreasing the risk of the transitions from free of CMD to FCMD and mortality. Male participants, younger adults, adults with a higher BMI, current or previous smokers, and excessive alcohol drinkers could obtain more benefits from higher PA intensity for the lower risk of at least 1 transition from free of CMD, then to CMM, and finally to mortality. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that higher PA intensity is an effective measure for preventing CMM and mortality in the early period of CMM development. Relevant interventions related to higher PA intensity should be conducted.

Orientin regulates the proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Orientin is a flavone isolated from medicinal plants used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that suppresses the growth of cancer cells in vitro. The effects of orientin in hepatoma carcinoma cells remain unknown. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of orientin on the viability, proliferation, and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro. In this study, we found that orientin could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. An activator of NF-κB signaling pathway, PMA, could abolish the inhibitory effect of orientin on NF-κB signaling pathway and proliferation and migration of Huh7 cells. These findings raise the possibility that orientin can be used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Menstrual pain mediated the association between daytime sleepiness and suicidal risk: A prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Adolescents with daytime sleepiness have been demonstrated to have a higher level of suicidal risk than those without. Currently, few studies had examined the pathway from daytime sleepiness to suicidal risk among female adolescents. This study aimed to explore the association among menstrual pain, daytime sleepiness, and suicidal risk among female adolescents in China. METHODS: Of 7072 adolescents who participated in the follow-up survey of Shandong Adolescents Behavior & Health Cohort (SABHC), 3001 were female adolescents who had begun to menstruate and included for the analysis. A structured self-administrated questionnaire was used to measure menstrual pain, daytime sleepiness, suicidal risk and demographic characteristics. Participants were first surveyed in November-December 2015 and resurveyed 1 year later. RESULTS: Of 3001 participants, 11.43 % had suicidal risk, 79.8 % experienced menstrual pain. Cross-lagged analysis showed that there was cause-and-effect relationship between menstrual pain and daytime sleepiness. Moderate (OR = 1.79, 95%CI: 1.22-2.63) and severe (OR = 2.73, 95%CI: 1.80-4.12) menstrual pain (follow-up) were associated with suicidal risk (follow-up). Daytime sleepiness (baseline: OR = 1.04, 95%CI: 1.02-1.06, follow-up: OR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.05-1.09) had effects on suicidal risk (follow-up). Mediation analysis showed that menstrual pain played a partially mediating role between daytime sleepiness and suicidal risk, with the indirect effect being 0.002 (95%CI: 0.001-0.004). LIMITATIONS: All data were self-reported. CONCLUSIONS: Menstrual pain and daytime sleepiness had effects on each other, and they both were the risk factors of suicidal risk. Among female adolescents, the association between daytime sleepiness and suicidal risk could be partially mediated by menstrual pain. Releasing the menstrual pain of female adolescents with daytime sleepiness could reduce their suicidal risk.

Longitudinal associations of the duration of mobile phone use with suicidal behavior in adolescents: The mediating role of depressive symptoms.

BACKGROUND: Prolonged mobile phone use has been demonstrated to be associated with mental health problems and suicidal behavior in adolescents. This study examined the mediating role of depressive symptoms in the association between duration of mobile phone use (DMPU) and suicidal behavior in adolescents. METHODS: A total of 6,923 participants from the Shandong Adolescent Behavior & Health Cohort (SABHC) were included in the analysis. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire to assess DMPU on weekdays and weekends, mental disorders, insomnia symptoms, depressive symptoms, suicidal behavior (thought, plan, or attempt), and family demographics in November-December 2015. One year later, a follow-up survey was conducted to ask participants to report their depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior. Path analyses with logistic regressions were performed to examine the mediating role of depressive symptoms in the DMPU-suicidal behavior link. RESULTS: Of the sample, mean age was 14.58 (SD = 1.45) and 3,455 (49.9 %) were female at baseline. 12.12 % of participants reported having ever suicidal behavior during the past 12 months at baseline, and 10.63 % reported having ever suicidal behavior during 1-year follow-up. Path analyses showed that the depressive symptoms played a partial mediating role in the association of DMPU on weekdays and weekends with subsequent suicidal behavior. After controlling for covariates, depressive symptoms accounted for 33.6 % and 58.6 % of the total effect of DMPU on weekdays and weekends on suicidal behavior, respectively. LIMITATION: All variables were measured based on self-report. CONCLUSIONS: The link between DMPU and suicidal behavior was partially mediated by depressive symptoms. Prolonged mobile phone use and depressive symptoms should be assessed and intervened to prevent suicidal behavior in adolescents.

Depressive symptoms mediate the association between maternal authoritarian parenting and non-suicidal self-injury among Chinese adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a significant public health concern. Authoritarian parenting is a common parenting style in China. Authoritarian parenting is associated with NSSI in adolescents. Little is known about the mechanism underlying this association. This study was to investigate the mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the association between maternal authoritarian parenting and NSSI among Chinese adolescents. METHODS: A total of 7072 adolescents who participated in the 1-year follow-up of Shandong Adolescent Behavior & Health Cohort (SABHC) were included for the analysis. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess authoritarian parenting, depressive symptoms, non-suicidal self-injury, and family demographics in November-December in 2015. One year later, a follow-up survey was carried out to assess participants' depressive symptoms and NSSI. RESULTS: Of the sample, mean age was 14.58 (SD = 1.46) and 3536 (50%) were female at baseline. 19.4% adolescents reported having ever NSSI over the past 12 months at baseline, and 8.8% reported having ever NSSI at 1-year follow-up. The association of maternal authoritarian parenting with subsequent NSSI was at least partially mediated by depressive symptoms. Mediation analyses showed that effect size was 0.194 in the entire sample, 0.192 in females and 0.193 in males, respectively. LIMITATION: All variables were measured based on self-report. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal authoritarian parenting style is a significant predictor of NSSI and its association with NSSI is partially mediated by depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents. It may be important to intervene poor parenting styles and depression to reduce the risk of NSSI in Chinese adolescents.

Depressive symptoms as a mediator between perceived social support and suicidal ideation among Chinese adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the association between perceived social support (PSS) and suicidal ideation in Chinese adolescents. This study was to examine the association of perceived social support and suicidal ideation (SI) and the mediating role of depressive symptoms in a large sample of adolescents in China. METHOD: A total of 11,831 adolescents who participated in the baseline Shandong Adolescent Behavior & Health Cohort were included for analysis. Perceived social support, depressive symptoms, and other variables were assessed by a self-administrated questionnaire. Path analysis was used to estimate the association between PSS, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of SI in the past year was 12.5%. Suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms were significantly associated with low PSS from family, friends, and significant others. Path analysis revealed that depressive symptoms partially mediated the relationship between PSS from family, friends, and significant others and suicidal ideation. After controlling for covariates, the mediation effect proportion of depressive symptoms on the associations between perceived social support from family, friends, and significant others and SI ranged from 19.20% to 62.12%. LIMITATIONS: As this is a cross-sectional study, no causal relationship could be made. CONCLUSIONS: Depressive symptoms partially mediated the association between perceived social support and suicidal ideation. Longitudinal research is needed to better understand the association between social support and suicidal ideation in adolescents.