H2S protects hippocampal neurons from anoxia-reoxygenation through cAMP-mediated PI3K/Akt/p70S6K cell-survival signaling pathways.

The study aims to investigate the effect of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/p70 ribosomal S6 kinase (p70S6K) signal transduction pathway after oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in the rat hippocampus. Newborn Wister rats were decapitated under anesthesia, and hippocampal tissue was dissected. Cells were plated at 1.0 × 10(5) cells/mL on polylysine-treated 96-well and 6-well plates. After 7 days in culture, cells were randomly assigned to six groups: control, OGD/R, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) following OGD/R, NaHS/triciribine following OGD/R, NaHS/rapamycin following OGD/R, and NaHS/triciribine/rapamycin following OGD/R. Neuronal purity and cell viability were assessed in each group, as well as apoptosis and expression of cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP), PI3K, Akt, and p70S6K. NaHS enhanced cAMP concentration and expression of PI3K, Akt, and p70S6K. In addition, neuronal viability was increased and apoptotic neuronal numbers decreased (P<0.01). Triciribine inhibited Akt and p70S6K, as well as decreased cell survival and viability compared with the NaHS group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Rapamycin resulted in decreased p70S6K expression and neuronal viability, as well as increased number of apoptotic neurons compared with the NaHS group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). H(2)S acted via cAMP-mediated PI3K/Akt/p70S6K signal transduction pathways to inhibit hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and protect neurons from OGD/R-induced injury.

[Security evaluation of bupivacaine, ropivacaine combined with fentanyl in postoperative continuous epidural analgesia].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects, side-effects and security of bupivacaine, ropivacaine combined with fentanyl in postoperative continuous epidural analgesia. METHODS: A total of 1 600 postoperative continuous epidural analgesia patients receiving different agents in SICU were divided into two groups: 0.1% bupivacaine +5 microg/ml fentanyl group (group B, n = 920) and 0.2% ropivacaine +2 microg/ml fentanyl group (group R, n = 680). The effects (visual analog-scale score and content to analgesia), side effects were analyzed retrospectively in the two groups. RESULTS: Compared with group B, patients in group R had higher analgesia contentment (P < 0.05), but no difference in visual analog-scale score was found in the two groups. The incidences of urinary retention, nausea and vomiting, skin itching in group B were significantly higher than those in group R (P < 0.05). In each group, patients over sixty had higher ratio of hypotension than those under sixty (P < 0.05); The female patients had a higher incidence of nausea and vomiting than male patients (P < 0.05); The incidence of debility and numbness of lower limbs in patients with lumbar segments epidural analgesia was higher than those with thoracic analgesia (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: 0.1% bupivacaine +5 microg/ml fentanyl and 0.2% ropivacaine +2 microg/ml fentanyl can provide adequate pain relief in postoperative continuous epidural analgesia, and 0.2% ropivacaine +2 microg/ml fentanyl comes with less side effects. The incidence of complication is related with analgesics, age, gender and the position of epidural puncture.