Nonflammable All-Fluorinated Electrolyte Enabling High-Voltage and High-Safety Lithium-Ion Cells.

In this study, a nonflammable all-fluorinated electrolyte for lithium-ion cells with a Li(Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1)O2 cathode is investigated under high voltages. This electrolyte, named FT46, consists of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate (TFEC) in a mass ratio of 4:6. Compared to a commercially available electrolyte and several other fluorinated electrolytes, cells containing FT46 demonstrate significantly better cycling performances under high voltage (3.0-4.5 V). This result may be ascribed to the generation of a stable, smooth, and thin passivation layer and the improved solvation structure formed by FT46. The LiF-rich passivation layer strengthens the electrode/electrolyte interface, inhibits the degradation of the electrode, and suppresses side reactions between the electrodes and electrolytes under high voltage. The solvation structure formed by FT46 is derived from anions, enabling an enhanced Li+ migration rate and inhibiting lithium plating generation. Additionally, due to the nonflammability of the electrolyte and the stable passivation layers, FT46 cells also demonstrate promising safety characteristics when exposed to typical abusive conditions, such as thermal abuse, mechanical abuse, and electrical abuse.

A narrative review: progress in transition metal-mediated bioorthogonal catalysis for the treatment of solid tumors.

Background and Objective: Transition metals are commonly used catalysts in bioorthogonal chemistry and have attracted extensive attention in biochemistry because of their efficient catalytic performance. In recent years, transition metal-mediated cycloaddition reactions, bond cleavage, and formation reactions are being actively explored for tumor treatment. However, the direct application of transition metals in complex biological environments has several problems, including poor solubility, toxicity, and easy inactivation. The combination of transition metals and nanomaterials can solve those problems by playing a bioorthogonal catalytic role in tumor treatment. In this review, we summarize some research on the application of transition metals modified by nanomaterials in tumor therapy and discuss the potential and challenges of transition metal-mediated bioorthogonal therapy in comprehensive tumor therapy. Methods: English literature on transition metal in cancer treatment was searched in PubMed and Web of Science. The main search terms were "cancer treatment", "bioorthogonal reaction", "transition metal", "bioorthogonal catalysis", etc. Key Content and Findings: This review summarizes research on several major transition metals that can be used for bioorthogonal catalysis with the assistance of nanomaterials in anti-tumor therapy. In addition, bioorthogonal catalysis is a new supplement to antitumor therapy. We have compiled the potential challenges of the clinical application of transition metal-based nanocatalysts, which lays the foundation for future research related to medicinal chemistry and targeted cancer therapy. Conclusions: Most of the transition metals still have a lot of room for exploration in cancer treatment research. We still need more research to confirm the feasibility of in vivo and clinical trials.