Pd-Catalyzed Hydroboration of Vinylarenes with B2pin2.

A palladium(II)-catalyzed Markovnikov hydroboration of aryl alkenes with readily available bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2pin2) is reported. The reaction proceeded with low catalyst loading (0.5 mol %) in the absence of N- or P-containing ligands, affording the products in up to 90% yield. Trifluoracetic acid serves as the hydrogen source, enabling the synthesis of benzylic boronic esters under mild ambient conditions.

Sequential Dieckmann cyclization enables the total synthesis of 7-epi-clusianone and 18-hydroxy-7-epi-clusianone.

A unified approach for the construction of the bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4,9-trione core of polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) was reported. This approach involves a sequential process of two distinct Dieckmann condensation reactions from the linear precursor. Using this method, the divergent total synthesis of the natural products 7-epi-clusianone and 18-hydroxy-7-epi-clusianone and the formal synthesis of sampsonione P were achieved. Additionally, other key steps to realize this strategy include RuCl3-catalyzed oxidative olefin cleavage and Pd-catalyzed Tsuji-Trost decarboxylative allylation. The synthesis indicated that bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4,9-triones could also be constructed via 6-membered intermediates.

Recognition of Hydrophilic Cyclic Compounds by a Water-Soluble Cavitand.

A water-soluble deep cavitand bearing amides on the upper rim and trimethyl ammonium groups on the feet was synthesized. The open-ended cavity is stabilized by the intramolecular hydrogen bonds formed between the adjacent amides, and the introduction of trimethylammonium imparts to the cavitand good solubility in water. The cavitand exhibits high binding affinity and selectivity to hydrophilic molecules in water. With certain guests, such as cyclohexyl alcohols, amines and acids, the recognition involves the synergistic action of hydrogen bonding with hydrophobic effects. The binding phenomena are interpreted in terms of a fixed solvent cage presented by the host to the guest.

Binding selectivity and separation of p-functionalized toluenes with a metallo-cavitand in water.

A metallo-cavitand (1-2Pd) showed unprecedented binding selectivity and sequestration of p-functionalized toluene isomers in water. The host-guest complexation was studied using 1H and COSY NMR methods and xylene-isomer complexes were examined by using DFT calculations. A liquid-liquid extraction scheme was developed for the separation of p-functionalized toluenes.

[Clinical observation of analgesia in delivery treated with acupoint pressure therapy].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy of acupoint pressure therapy on relieving labor pain in primiparas. METHODS: One hundred and twenty primiparas were randomized into an observation group (60 cases) and a control group (60 cases). In the observation group, Hegu (LI 4), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Taichong (LR 3), Neiguan (PC 6), Ciliao (BL 32) and Zhongliao (BL 33) on bilateral sides were selected. The acupoint pressure therapy was applied when the uterine orifice was dilated to 2 to 3 cm. In the control group, the acupoint pressure therapy was not used. Separately, when the orifice was dilated as 2 to 3 cm, 5 to 6 cm, 7 to 8 cm and 9 to 10 cm, the pain response grade was assessed (including physician's analgesia score and patient's self-evaluation score of analge-sia). The in labor pain was observed and compared in the puerperas between the two groups. The time of the first, second and third stages of labor, the time of total stage of labor as well as the cesarean section rate were compared in the puerperas between the two groups. RESULTS: (1) Analgesic effect:when the uterine orifice was dilated as 2 to 3 cm, 5 to 6 cm, 7 to 8 cm and 9 to 10 cm, the self-evaluation scores of analgesia in the puerperas of the observation group at each time point were all apparently lower than those in the control groups (all P<0.05). In the observation group, for the physician's analgesia score, 213 person-times presented analgesic effect and 18 person-times no effect. In the control group, 178 person-times presented analgesic effect and 44 person-times no effect. The analgesic effect in the observation group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05). (2) Stages of labor:the differences in the second and third stages of labor were not significant statistically between the two groups (both P>0.05). The time of the first stage of labor and the time of the total stages of labor in the observation group were shorter appa-rently than those in the control group[(8.07±2.08)h vs (9.58±2.79)h, (8.91±2.80)h vs (10.51±2.83)h, both P<0.05]. (3) Cesarean section rate:the cesarean section rate in the observation group was lower than that in the control group[5.0% (3/60) vs 10.0% (6/60), P>0.05]. CONCLUSIONS: Acupoint pressure therapy has definite efficacy on relieving labor pain. It shortens the stages of labor and cesarean section rate.