[Effect of Organic Fertilizer and Inorganic Fertilizer Application on N2O Emissions from Fluvo-aquic Soil in the North China Plain].

The North China Plain is an important grain production area in China. Due to the low content of soil organic carbon, increasing the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer would not lead to a continuous increase of maize yield at present. The combined application of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer is widely regarded as a measure to simultaneously increase grain yield and soil organic carbon; however, the effect of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer application on N2O emissions from farmland in the North China Plain is unclear. Here, N2O emissions and crop yields in cropland under the combined application of different types and rates of organic fertilizers plus inorganic N fertilizer were measured in the North China Plain. The field experiment included eight treatments:no N fertilizer (CK), inorganic fertilizer (NPK), 40% cow manure N plus 60% inorganic fertilizer N (CM), 40% chicken manure N plus 60% inorganic fertilizer N (FC), 40% pig manure N plus 60% inorganic fertilizer N (FP), 20% cow manure N plus 80% inorganic fertilizer N (1/2CM), 20% chicken manure N plus 80% inorganic fertilizer N (1/2FC), and 20% pig manure N plus 80% inorganic fertilizer N (1/2FP). The N2O fluxes were significantly correlated with soil water-filled pore space during the maize season (P<0.05). There was a significant linear relationship between N2O fluxes and soil dissolved organic carbon content during the maize season in all treatments except the NPK treatment. In the maize season, N2O emission was 0.50 kg·hm-2 under CK treatment, and increased to 2.28 kg·hm-2 under NPK treatment. However, when the proportion of manure N to total N applied was reduced from 40% to 20%, N2O emissions were significantly reduced by 33.6%, 43.7%, and 12.1% under 1/2CM, 1/2FC, and 1/2FP treatments, respectively. The difference in application rate of organic manure N did not significantly affect maize yield. The reduction of N2O emission at the low manure application rate compared with the high manure application rate was likely due to the decrease in dissolved organic carbon in soils.

[Surgical treatment for posterior hip dislocations complicated with fractures of femoral head and acetabulum].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effectiveness and prognosis on surgical treatment of posterior hip dislocations complicated with fractures of femoral head and acetabulum. METHODS: Seventeen patients with posterior hip dislocations complicated with fractures of femoral head and acetabulum were reviewed in the study. All the patients were treated with manual reduction within 12 hours after injury. CT location was used before operation. Absorbable screw fixation was performed for the femoral head fractures, while plate fixation or resection was performed for acetabular fractures. RESULTS: All the patients got bony union within 6 months after operation without femoral head necrosis. Evaluate joint function according to Modifie Daobigne and Postal clinical classification criteria, 8 patients got an excellent result, 7 good and 2 fair. The excellent and good rate was 88.2%. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment can have a satisfactory prognosis for patient with posterior femoral head and acetabulum.

[Influence of freshwater marsh tillage on microbial biomass and dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen].

The changes in microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) were examined in order to assess the effect of surface layer soil (0 - 10 cm) under different land-use types after freshwater marshes tillage in the Sanjiang Plain Northeast China. Land uses were Deyeuxia angustifolia freshwater marshes ((DAM), cultivated land (CL), recovery freshwater marsh (RFM), constructed woodland (CW). After DAM soil tillage, MBC, MBN, DOC and DON declined strongly in agricultural surface soil layer, decreased 63.8%-80.5% (MBC), 56.3%-67.1% (MBN), 43.1%-44.3% (DOC) and 25.2%-56.1% (DON) respectively. In contrast, these C, N fraction had significant recovered in RFM and CW surface soil, increased 36.1%-59.9% (MBC), 46.7%-65.9% (MBN), 67.0%-69.3% (DOC)and 81.2%-88.3% (DON) respectively. Cultivation and land-use affected soil MBC, MBN, DOC and DON intensely. Therefore these labile C, N fractions have the significant relative under different land-use types. However DOC was more obvious controlled than DON by the land-use types. The relative between DOC and MBC, MBN have much difference than DON, the main reason of this distinction is the diverse source in available carbon and nitrogen that taken by microbial property under different land uses.