A new species of Vriesea Lindl. (Bromeliaceae) from the Atlantic Rainforest of São Paulo State, Brazil / Uma nova espécie de Vriesea Lindl. (Bromeliaceae) da Mata Atlântica do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

A new species of Vriesea Lindl. is described and illustrated. Vriesea altobocainensis is only known for the Atlantic Forest of Serra da Bocaina. It is a robust epiphyte, characterized by a reddish inflorescence, and floral and primary bracts with an orbicular and broadly ovate shape; morphologically, it is close to Vriesea altodaserrae L.B.Sm. and Vriesea sceptrum Mez. However, the new species can be distinguished from these others mainly for the color, dimensions and shape of floral and primary bracts, number of inflorescence branches and number of flowers per branch.

Uma nova espécie de Vriesea Lindl. é descrita e ilustrada. Vriesea altobocainensis é conhecida apenas para a Mata Atlântica da Serra da Bocaina. É uma epífita de porte robusto, caracterizada pela inflorescência avermelhada com brácteas primárias e florais de formato orbicular a largamente oval. Relaciona-se morfologicamente com Vriesea altodaserrae L.B.Sm. e Vriesea sceptrum Mez, das quais pode ser distinta principalmente pela coloração, dimensões e forma das brácteas florais e primárias, número de ramos da inflorescência e quantidade de flores por ramo.

Spider communities in two plant architectures of epiphytic cacti in the brazilian Atlantic forest

The vegetative architecture of the Cactaceae provides sites used by spiders as hideout, foraging, mating and oviposition. We found more web weavers in plants with cylindrical cladodia and more hunters in plants with flat cladodia. Between February 2014 and January 2015 1551 spiders distributed in 20 families were collected: one of these families, Palpimanidae, had only juvenile individuals collected; of the other 19 families, 80 species/morphospecies were identified. This work aims to contribute to the knowledge of biodiversity in the canopy of the Atlantic Forest, especially the relationship between cacti and spiders.

Spider communities in two plant architectures of epiphytic cacti in the Brazilian Atlantic forest

The vegetative architecture of the Cactaceae provides sites used by spiders as hideout, foraging, mating and oviposition. We found more web weavers in plants with cylindrical cladodia and more hunters in plants with flat cladodia. Between February 2014 and January 2015 1551 spiders distributed in 20 families were collected: one of these families, Palpimanidae, had only juvenile individuals collected; of the other 19 families, 80 species/morphospecies were identified. This work aims to contribute to the knowledge of biodiversity in the canopy of the Atlantic Forest, especially the relationship between cacti and spiders.

Flora of Paraíba State, Brazil: Aechmea Ruiz & Pav. (Bromeliaceae) / Flora da Paraíba, Brasil: Aechmea Ruiz & Pav. (Bromeliaceae)

Abstract: Aechmea is one of the largest genera of Bromeliaceae, having more than 250 species, and Brazil is its principal center of endemism. We taxonomically examined the species of Aechmea encountered in Paraíba State in northeastern Brazil. Our analyses were based on specimens collected during the present study, as well as examinations of local and regional herbaria collections. Eleven species were encountered to State: Aechmea aquilega, A. chrysocoma, A. costantinii, A. emmerichiae, A. eurycorymbus, A. fulgens, A. leptantha, A. mertensii, A. nudicaulis, A. patentissima, and A. werdermannii. Of those taxa, seven are endemic to northeastern Brazil and five are included within one of the threatened categories according to IUCN criteria, two of them being "endangered" and "critically endangered". We include here a key to the identification of the species, a list of the materials examined, commentaries concerning the taxonomic affinities of the species based on morphological characters, data concerning their geographic distributions, flowering, fruiting, inferences concerning their conservation statuses, as well as images and drawings indicating their principal characteristics.

Resumo: Aechmea é um dos maiores gêneros de Bromeliaceae, tendo mais que 250 espécies, e o Brasil é seu principal dentro de endemismo. Examinamos taxonomicamente as espécies de Aechmea encontradas no estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. As análises foram baseadas em espécimes coletados durante a realização deste estudo, complementadas pelas coleções de herbários locais e regionais. Foram encontradas 11 espécies para o Estado: Aechmea aquilega, A. chrysocoma, A. costantinii, A. emmerichiae, A. eurycorymbus, A. fulgens, A. leptantha, A. mertensii, A. nudicaulis, A. patentissima e A. werdermannii. Dentre estas, sete são endêmicas do Nordeste brasileiro e cinco estão incluídas em uma das categorias de ameaça de acordo com os critérios da IUCN, com duas delas "em perigo" e "criticamente em perigo". O tratamento inclui uma chave para a identificação das espécies, relação de material examinado, comentários sobre as afinidades taxonômicas baseados em caracteres morfológicos, dados de distribuição geográfica, floração, frutificação e inferências sobre o status de conservação para as espécies, bem como imagens e estampas em nanquim destacando os principais caracteres dos taxa.

Flora of Paraíba State, Brazil: Aechmea Ruiz & Pav. (Bromeliaceae) / Flora da Paraíba, Brasil: Aechmea Ruiz & Pav. (Bromeliaceae)

Aechmea is one of the largest genera of Bromeliaceae, having more than 250 species, and Brazil is its principal center of endemism. We taxonomically examined the species of Aechmea encountered in Paraíba State in northeastern Brazil. Our analyses were based on specimens collected during the present study, as well as examinations of local and regional herbaria collections. Eleven species were encountered to State: Aechmea aquilega, A. chrysocoma, A. costantinii, A. emmerichiae, A. eurycorymbus, A. fulgens, A. leptantha, A. mertensii, A. nudicaulis, A. patentissima, and A. werdermannii. Of those taxa, seven are endemic to northeastern Brazil and five are included within one of the threatened categories according to IUCN criteria, two of them being "endangered" and "critically endangered". We include here a key to the identification of the species, a list of the materials examined, commentaries concerning the taxonomic affinities of the species based on morphological characters, data concerning their geographic distributions, flowering, fruiting, inferences concerning their conservation statuses, as well as images and drawings indicating their principal characteristics.

Aechmea é um dos maiores gêneros de Bromeliaceae, tendo mais que 250 espécies, e o Brasil é seu principal dentro de endemismo. Examinamos taxonomicamente as espécies de Aechmea encontradas no estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. As análises foram baseadas em espécimes coletados durante a realização deste estudo, complementadas pelas coleções de herbários locais e regionais. Foram encontradas 11 espécies para o Estado: Aechmea aquilega, A. chrysocoma, A. costantinii, A. emmerichiae, A. eurycorymbus, A. fulgens, A. leptantha, A. mertensii, A. nudicaulis, A. patentissima e A. werdermannii. Dentre estas, sete são endêmicas do Nordeste brasileiro e cinco estão incluídas em uma das categorias de ameaça de acordo com os critérios da IUCN, com duas delas "em perigo" e "criticamente em perigo". O tratamento inclui uma chave para a identificação das espécies, relação de material examinado, comentários sobre as afinidades taxonômicas baseados em caracteres morfológicos, dados de distribuição geográfica, floração, frutificação e inferências sobre o status de conservação para as espécies, bem como imagens e estampas em nanquim destacando os principais caracteres dos taxa.

Typification of binomials in Xyrissection Nematopus (Xyridaceae) published by L.A. Nilsson.

A nomenclatural revision of fifteen taxa of Xyris (Xyridaceae) described by L.A. Nilsson (1892) is presented as part of a taxonomic revision of the genus in Brazil. All the protologues and type collections of these taxa were studied. The type collections were examined in the respective herbarium collections where they are preserved and complemented by images available on herbarium websites and from JSTOR Global Plants. Lectotypes were selected for Xyris cristata L.A.Nilsson, X. glaziowii L.A.Nilsson and X. insignis L.A.Nilsson. The holotypes, of X. glandacea L.A.Nilsson and X. stenophylla L.A.Nilsson, were discovered at the herbaria of Uppsala (UPS) and Berlin (B) respectively, and provided with their correct determinations.

A new combination in Lapanthus (Bromeliaceae).

A new combination, Lapanthus vidaliorum (O.B.C. Ribeiro & C.C. Paula) Louzada & Wand. is proposed for Orthophytum vidaliorum O.B.C. Ribeiro & C.C. Paula. In addition notes on taxonomy, geographic distribution and conservation are provided.

Molecular phylogenetics of the Brazilian giant bromeliads (Alcantarea, Bromeliaceae): implications for morphological evolution and biogeography.

The genus Alcantarea comprises near 30 species endemic to rocky outcrops from eastern Brazil. Most species are ornamental and several are threatened due to habitat loss and over collection. In this paper we examine the phylogenetics of Alcantarea and its relationship with the Brazilian members of Vriesea, a genus of which Alcantarea has been treated as a subgenus. We discuss the morphological evolution of the stamen position and its implication for pollination and the occurrence of Alcantarea in the Espinhaço mountain range rocky savanna-like habitat vegetation. DNA sequence data derived from two plastid markers (trnK-rps16, trnC-petN) and from a low copy nuclear gene (Floricaula/Leafy) together with 20 nuclear microsatellite loci were the data source to perform analyses and construct phylogenetic and Neighbor Joining trees for the genus. Alcantarea is well supported as monophyletic in both Bayesian and parsimony analyses, but sections of Vriesea, represented by the eastern Brazilian species, appear paraphyletic. Microsatellites delimit geographically isolated species groups. Nevertheless individuals belonging to a single species may appear related to distinct clusters of species, suggesting that hybridization and/or homoplasy and/or incomplete lineage sorting are also influencing the analysis based on such markers and may be the reasons for some unexpected results. Alcantarea brasiliana is hypothesized as putative hybrid between A. imperialis and A. geniculata. Spreading stamens, a morphological floral characteristic assumed to be related to Chiropterophily, apparently evolved multiple times within the genus, and invasion of rocky savanna-like habitat vegetation by Atlantic rainforest ancestors seems to have occurred multiple times as well.

Checklist das Spermatophyta do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil / Checklist of Spermatophyta of the São Paulo State, Brazil

O projeto Flora Fanerogâmica do Estado de São Paulo tem se dedicado a inventariar a flora paulistana há quase 20 anos. Conta com a atuação de mais de 200 colaboradores, a maioria do próprio estado, além de pesquisadores de outros estados e do exterior. Desde 2001, foram publicados sete volumes com as monografias de 151 famílias, contendo 3.237 espécies em 722 gêneros. Este projeto foi o ponto de partida para o conhecimento da diversidade das espécies de espermatófitas do estado de São Paulo. A apresentação do checklist neste momento é oportuna por constituir a produção de uma listagem das espécies com identificações certificadas pelos especialistas, além de conter a referência de uma coleção de herbário para a maior parte dos táxons (material-testemunho) ou referência à bibliografia em que a espécie é citada como ocorrente, de forma nativa ou subespontânea, no estado. Dessa forma, é aqui apresentada a listagem das espermatófitas do estado de São Paulo, com 7.305 espécies, distribuídas em 1.776 gêneros e em 197 famílias (segundo Cronquist 1981) ou então 195 (segundo o APG III). Em relação à flora do Brasil, com 31.728 espécies de espermatófitas, o estado São Paulo compartilha de 23% dessas espécies. As famílias mais representativas são Orchidaceae (797 espécies), Asteraceae (676 espécies), Fabaceae (513 espécies), Poaceae (500 espécies), Myrtaceae (304), Rubiaceae (265 espécies) e Melastomataceae (253 espécies) que, juntas, somam 3.308 espécies e constituem mais de 45% do total de espécies de espermatófitas do estado. Considerando a grande diversidade vegetal brasileira, parcialmente expressa em um estado, depreende-se a grande importância da continuidade dos estudos florísticos no Brasil, país provavelmente detentor da maior diversidade vegetal do planeta.

The Phanerogamic Flora of São Paulo State project has been dedicated to create an inventory of the flora for 20 years. More than 200 collaborators are involved, mostly from the State of São Paulo, with the contributions of researchers from other states and from abroad. Since 2001, seven books with monographs of 151 families were published, dealing with 3,237 species within 722 genera. This project was the starting-point of the gathering of information about the diversity of spermatophytes of the State of São Paulo. The current checklist, at this point, presents an updated and virtually complete list of species, all certified by specialists. It also contains references to scientific collections for most of the taxa (vouchers) or to bibliography referring to the natural or subspontaneous occurrence of the species in the State. The list now contains 7,305 species distributed in 1,776 genera and in 197 spermatophyte families (according to Cronquist 1981) or 195 (according to APG III). 23% of the 31,728 species of spermatophytes listed in the Flora of Brazil occur in São Paulo State. The most representative families are Orchidaceae (797 species), Asteraceae (676 species), Fabaceae (513 species), Poaceae (500 species), Myrtaceae (304), Rubiaceae (265 species) and Melastomataceae (253 species), which, altogether, accumulate 3,308 species and constitute 45% of total species of spermatophytes in the state. The wealth of the Brazilian plant diversity, partially expressed in São Paulo, shows how important is the continuity of floristic studies in a country that is very likely to hold the largest plant diversity in the planet.

Aechmea rodriguesiana (L. B. Sm.) L. B. Sm. (Bromeliaceae) uma espécie endêmica da Amazônia brasileira / Aechmea rodriguesiana (L. B. Sm.) L. B. Sm. (Bromeliaceae), an endemic species of the Brazilian Amazon

Aechmea subgênero Chevaliera (Gaudich. ex Beer) Baker está representado na Amazônia brasileira pelas espécies A. fernandae (E. Morren) Baker e A. rodriguesiana (L. B. Sm.) L. B. Sm., sendo a última restrita para esta região. A. rodriguesiana se caracteriza pelas flores dispostas em racemo de espigas, com brácteas florais ovais, margens inteiras, envolvendo o ovário e pelas pétalas alvas e cuculadas. O presente trabalho apresenta a complementação da descrição e ilustrações desta espécie. São apresentados dados de distribuição geográfica, hábitats e fenológicos.

Aechmea subgenus Chevaliera (Gaudich. ex Beer) Baker, is represented in the Brazilian Amazon by two species: A. fernandae (E. Morren) Baker and A. rodriguesiana (L. B. Sm.) L. B. Sm., the latter being restricted to this region. A. rodriguesiana is characterized by flowers arranged on racemes of spikes, oval floral bracts with entire margins that completely surround the ovary, and by cuculate white petals. The present work has as main goal to complement the description and illustration of this species, exclusive to the Brazilian Amazon, allowing its recognition and conservation. Data on geographical distribution, habitat, and phenology are presented.