Optimization of Quartz Sand-Enhanced Coagulation for Sewage Treatment by Response Surface Methodology.

The quartz sand-enhanced coagulation (QSEC) is an improved coagulation method for treating water, which uses quartz sand as a heavy medium to accelerate the sedimentation rate of flocs and reduce the sedimentation time. The factors that influence the QSEC effect and can be controlled manually include the quartz sand dosage, coagulant dosage, sewage pH, stirring time, settling time, etc., and their reasonable setting is critical to the result of water treatment. This paper aimed to study the optimal conditions of QSEC; first, single-factor tests were conducted to explore the optimal range of influencing factors, followed by response surface methodology (RSM) tests to accurately determine the optimum values of significant factors. The results show that the addition of quartz sand did not improve the water quality of the coagulation treatment, it took only 140 s for the floc to sink to the bottom, and the sediment volume only accounted for 12.2% of the total sewage. The quartz sand dosage, the coagulant dosage, and sewage pH all had a significant impact on the coagulation effect, and resulted in inflection points. A QSEC-guiding model was derived through RSM tests, and subsequent model optimization and experimental validation revealed the optimal conditions for treating domestic sewage as follows: the polyaluminum chloride (PAC) dosage, cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) dosage, the sewage pH, quartz sand dosage, stirring time, and settling time were 0.97 g/L, 2.25 mg/L, 7.22, 2 g/L, 5 min, and 30 min, respectively, and the turbidity of the treated sewage was reduced to 1.15 NTU.

Mechanical Properties and Microscopic Study of Recycled Fibre Concrete Based on Wind Turbine Blades.

In recent years, wind energy has begun to receive a significant amount of attention as clean energy is utilised and demanded in large quantities, resulting in a sharp increase in the use of wind turbines. The demand for wind turbines has gradually risen due to the clean and recyclable nature of wind energy. The current blade life of wind turbines in China is about 20 years, which means that the disposal of obsolete used blades can become a difficult problem in the future. Therefore, this study is of great significance to explore the regeneration performance of the blades after recycling and disposal. In this paper, wind turbine blades were mechanically recycled into recycled macrofibres, which were added to concrete as a reinforcing material to make wind impeller fibre concrete (WIC), and the three proportion ratios of 1%, 1.5%, and 2% were explored to compare the performance. The performance of WIC was also evaluated and its performance was compared to that of glass fibre concrete (GC). In addition, the material physical properties of second-generation recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) based on WIC were explored. The strength and peak strain variations and their causal mechanisms were analysed both macroscopically and microscopically by means of the classical mechanical tests (compression and bending tests), SEM, and XRD. The results show that the compressive strength of WIC was negatively correlated with the fibre content and increased by 6.04-18.12% compared to that of ordinary concrete (OG), with a maximum of 19.25 MPa; the flexural strength was positively correlated with the fibre content, with an increase of 5.37-18.5%. The microstructural analysis confirmed the macroscopic results and the intrinsic model better validated the experimental results.

One-Dimensional Copper-Doped Rb2AgI3 with Efficient Sky-Blue Emission as a High-Performance X-ray Scintillator.

Scintillators have garnered heightened attention for their diverse applications in medical imaging and security inspection. Nonetheless, commercial scintillators encounter challenges with costly rare-earth metals and toxic elements like thallium (Tl), driving the need for sustainable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly alternatives to meet contemporary X-ray detection demands. This study focuses on exploring the potential of Cu+-doped Rb2AgI3 as an effective metal halide (MH) scintillator. One-dimensional (1D) Rb2AgI3 and Cu+-doped Rb2AgI3 single crystals (SCs) were synthesized by using the conventional temperature-lowering crystallization method. When excited by UV light, Cu+-doped SCs emitted a broad sky-blue light at 490 nm with a high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (PLQY) of 76.48%. Remarkably, under X-ray excitation, these Cu+-doped SCs demonstrated an outstanding light yield of 36,293 photons MeV-1, a relatively low detection threshold of 1.022 µGyair s-1, and a rapid scintillation decay time of 465 ns. The prepared translucent scintillation film has good uniformity and flexibility, with a high spatial resolution of 10.2 lp mm-1. These results position Cu+-doped Rb2AgI3 as a leading candidate among promising X-ray scintillators, offering superior scintillation light yield, excellent stability, and nontoxicity.

"Atomic Topping" of MnOx on Al2O3 to Create Electron-Rich, Aperiodic, Lattice Oxygens that Resemble Noble Metals for Catalytic Oxidation.

Enhancing the catalytic oxidation activity of traditional transition-metal oxides to rival that of noble metals has been a prominent focus in the field of catalysis. However, existing synthesis strategies that focus on controlling the electronic states of metal centers have not yet fully succeeded in achieving this goal. Our current research reveals that manipulating the electronic states of oxygen centers can yield unexpected results. By creating electron-rich, aperiodic lattice oxygens through atomic topping of MnOx, we have produced a catalyst with performance that closely resembles supported Pt. Spherical aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption spectra have confirmed that the atomic topping of the MnOx layer on Al2O3 can form an aperiodic arrangement oxide structure. Near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, reaction kinetics test, and theoretical calculations demonstrated that this structure significantly increases the electron density around the oxygen in MnOx, shifting the activation center for CO adsorption from Mn to O, thereby exhibiting catalytic activity and stability close to that of the precious metal Pt. This study presents a fresh perspective on designing efficient oxide catalysts by targeting electron-rich anionic centers, thereby deepening the understanding of how these centers can be altered to enhance catalytic efficiency in oxidation reactions.

Mechanical performance degradation investigation on FRP reinforced concrete based on neural network design method.

To predict the effect of chemical-freezing coupling erosion on the properties of four kinds of FRP-reinforced concrete. Rapid freeze-thaw tests were conducted. The mass loss rate, relative dynamic elastic modulus, compressive strength, and flexural capacity were tested to investigate the Mechanical Performance of specimens. The compression specimens are cylindrical specimens wrapped with FRP, and the flexural specimens are pasted with FRP prismatic specimens on the pre-cracked side. A database was built based on 45 groups of experimental test results, and the prediction effect of the BP neural network and CNN model on compressive strength and flexural capacity was compared, respectively. The results showed that CNN did a better job. Finally, the maximum number of freeze-thaw cycles of different FRP-reinforced specimens was predicted based on the CNN model with mass loss rate and relative dynamic modulus as the evaluation criteria. This method can provide a new perspective for predicting the durability of FRP-reinforced concrete.

Investigation on damage evolution mechanism of various FRP strengthened concrete subjected to chemical-freeze-thaw coupling erosion.

The corrosion resistance of FRP-reinforced ordinary concrete members under the combined action of harsh environments (i.e., alkaline or acidic solutions, salt solutions) and freeze-thaw cycles is still unclear. To study the mechanical and apparent deterioration of carbon/basalt/glass/aramid fiber cloth reinforced concrete under chemical and freeze-thaw coupling. Plain concrete blocks and FRP-bonded concrete blocks were fabricated. The tensile properties of the FRP sheet and epoxy resin sheet before and after chemical freezing, the compressive strength of the FRP reinforced test block, and the bending capacity of the prismatic test block pasted with FRP on the prefabricated crack side were tested. The deterioration mechanism of the test block was analyzed through the change of surface photos. Based on the experimental data, the Lam-Teng constitutive model of concrete reinforced by alkali-freeze coupling FRP is modified. The results indicate that, in terms of apparent properties, with the increase in the duration of chemical freeze-thaw erosion, the surface of epoxy resin sheets exhibits an increase in pores, along with the emergence of small cracks and wrinkles. The texture of FRP sheets becomes blurred, and cracks and wrinkles appear on the surface. In terms of failure modes, as the number of chemical coupling erosion cycles increases, the location of failure in epoxy resin sheets becomes uncertain, and the failure plane tilts towards the direction of the applied load. The failure mode of FRP sheets remains unchanged. However, the bonding strength between FRP sheets and concrete decreases, resulting in a weakened reinforcement effect. In terms of mechanical properties, FRP sheets undergo the most severe degradation in the coupled environment of acid freeze-thaw cycles. Among them, GFRP experiences the largest degradation in tensile strength, reaching up to 30.17%. In terms of tensile performance, the sheets rank from highest to lowest as follows: CFRP, BFRP, AFRP, and GFRP.As the duration of chemical freeze-coupled erosion increases, the loss rate of compressive strength for specimens bonded with CFRP is the smallest (9.62% in salt freeze-thaw environment), while the loss rate of bearing capacity is higher for specimens reinforced with GFRP (33.8% in acid freeze-thaw environment). In contrast, the loss rate of bearing capacity is lower for specimens reinforced with CFRP (13.6% in salt freeze-thaw environment), but still higher for specimens reinforced with GFRP (25.8% in acid freeze-thaw environment).

Bio­Inspired Magnetic­Responsive Supramolecular­Covalent Semi­Convertible Hydrogel.

Bio-inspired magnetic-responsive hydrogel is confined in exceedingly narrow spaces for soft robots and biomedicine in either gel state or magnetofluidic sol state. However, the motion of the gel state magnetic hydrogel will be inhibited in various irregular spaces due to the fixed shape and size and the sol-state magnetofluid gel may bring unpredictable residues in the confined narrow space. Inspired by the dynamic liquid lubricating mechanism of biological systems, novel magnetic-responsive semi-convertible hydrogel (MSCH) is developed through imbedding magnetic-responsive gelatin and amino-modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles network into the covalent network of polyvinyl alcohol, which can be switched between gel state and gel-sol state in response to magnetic stimuli. It can be attributed the disassembly of triple-helix structures of the gelatin under the action of the magnetic field, driven by force from the magnetic particles conjugated on the gelatin chain through electrostatic interactions, while the covalent network retains the hydrogel structural integrity. This leads to a sol layer on the MSCH surface enabling the MSCH to pass effectively through the confined channel or obstacle under magnetic field. The present MSCH will provide an alternative mode for magnetic field-related soft robots or actuators.

Diagnostic and prognostic value of angiography-derived index of microvascular resistance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The angiography-derived index of microvascular resistance (A-IMR) is a novel tool for diagnosing coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) addressing limitation of unavailability. However, the clinical value of A-IMR remains controversial. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies. Studies that reported estimates of A-IMR's diagnostic accuracy (with thermodilution-based IMR as the reference test) and/or predictions of adverse cardiovascular events were selected. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (sROC) were calculated to measure diagnostic performance; pooled hazard/risk ratio (HR/RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) or other independent adverse events were calculated to measure prognostic effect. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023451884). Results: A total of 12 diagnostic studies pooling 1,642 vessels and 12 prognostic studies pooling 2,790 individuals were included. A-IMR yielded an area under sROC of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91, 0.95), a pooled sensitivity of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.79, 0.89) and a pooled specificity of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.83, 0.93) for the diagnosis of CMD. CMD diagnosed using A-IMR was associated with higher risks of MACE (HR, 2.73, 95% CI: 2.16, 3.45), CV death (RR, 2.39, 95% CI: 1.49, 3.82) and heart failure hospitalization (HR, 2.30, 95% CI: 1.53, 3.45). Conclusion: A-IMR demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for CMD and showed a strong prognostic capability in predicting the risk of adverse CV outcomes. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023451884, PROSPERO (CRD42023451884).

Hybrid U-Net and Swin-transformer network for limited-angle cardiac computed tomography.

Objective.Cardiac computed tomography (CT) is widely used for diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Diagnostic performance depends strongly on the temporal resolution of the CT images. To image the beating heart, one can reduce the scanning time by acquiring limited-angle projections. However, this leads to increased image noise and limited-angle-related artifacts. The goal of this paper is to reconstruct high quality cardiac CT images from limited-angle projections.Approach. The ability to reconstruct high quality images from limited-angle projections is highly desirable and remains a major challenge. With the development of deep learning networks, such as U-Net and transformer networks, progresses have been reached on image reconstruction and processing. Here we propose a hybrid model based on the U-Net and Swin-transformer (U-Swin) networks. The U-Net has the potential to restore structural information due to missing projection data and related artifacts, then the Swin-transformer can gather a detailed global feature distribution.Main results. Using synthetic XCAT and clinical cardiac COCA datasets, we demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art deep learning-based methods.Significance. It has a great potential to freeze the beating heart with a higher temporal resolution.

Transient-State Self-Bipolarized Organic Frameworks of Single Aromatic Units for Natural Sunlight-Driven Photosynthesis of H2O2.

Constructing π-conjugated polymer structures through covalent bonds dominates the design of organic framework photocatalysts, which significantly depends on the selection of multiple donor-acceptor building blocks to narrow the optical gap and increase the lifetimes of charge carriers. In this work, self-bipolarized organic frameworks of single aromatic units are demonstrated as novel broad-spectrum-responsive photocatalysts for H2O2 production. The preparation of such photocatalysts is only to fix the aromatic units (such as 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene) with alkane linkers in 3D space. Self-bipolarized aromatic units can drive the H2O2 production from H2O and O2 under natural sunlight, wide pH ranges (3.0-10.0) and natural water sources. Moreover, it can be extended to catalyze the oxidative coupling of amines. Experimental and theoretical investigation demonstrate that such a strategy obeys the mechanism of through-space π-conjugation, where the closely face-to-face overlapped aromatic rings permit the electron and energy transfer through the large-area delocalization of the electron cloud under visible light irradiation. This work introduces a novel design concept for the development of organic photocatalysts, which will break the restriction of conventional through-band π-conjugation structure and will open a new way in the synthesis of organic photocatalysts.

Effects of menstrual disorders and dysmenorrhea on cardiovascular disease: a Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Observational studies have demonstrated associations between menstrual disorders, dysmenorrhea, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, it remains unclear whether these associations are causal. This study is to investigate whether menstrual disorders and dysmenorrhea causally affect the risk of CVD. Methods: The summary data for menstrual disorders (excessive menstruation and irregular menses) and dysmenorrhea were obtained from FinnGen study, summary data for CVD were obtained from UK Biobank and meta-analysis. The inverse-variance-weighted method was mainly used in the Mendelian randomization for causality analysis. Sensitivity analyses were performed by several methods under different model assumptions. Results: Genetic liability to excessive menstruation was associated with higher risk of atrial fibrillation (odds ratio (OR), 1.078 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.015-1.145]; P=0.014), but a lower risk of hypertension (OR, 0.994 [95% CI: 0.989-0.999]; P=0.016). Irregular menses was associated with higher risk of atrial fibrillation (OR, 1.095 [95% CI: 1.015-1.182]; P=0.02), hypertension (OR, 1.007 [95% CI: 1.000-1.013]; P=0.047), myocardial infarction (OR, 1.172 [95% CI: 1.060-1.295]; P=0.02), ischemic heart disease, (OR, 1.005 [95% CI: 1.000-1.010]; P=0.037) and coronary heart disease (OR, 1.004 [95% CI: 1.001-1.008]; P=0.026). Dysmenorrhea was associated with higher risk of atrial fibrillation (OR, 1.052 [95% CI: 1.014-1.092]; P=0.008) and Ischemic stroke (cardioembolic) (OR, 1.122 [95% CI: 1.002-1.257]; P=0.046). After Benjamini-Hochberg correction, irregular menses was associated with higher risk of myocardial infarction. Conclusion: We confirmed a causal relationship of excessive menstruation, irregular menses and dysmenorrhea on cardiovascular outcomes independent of sex hormone levels, with an emphasis on the link between irregular menses and myocardial infarction. These clinical features can be utilized as markers to identify women at higher risk of developing CVD in the future, recommending early clinical intervention of menstrual diseases.

Ketonuria in an adult with Prader-Willi syndrome and diabetes mellitus: A case report.

RATIONALE: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder affecting multiple systems. Approximately one-quarter of PWS patients will develop diabetes. Given the uncontrolled hyperphagia and resultant severe obesity in these patients, their glycemic management poses a significant challenge. CASE REPORT: We present the clinical profile of a male patient diagnosed with both PWS and diabetes. Previous administration of the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor Canagliflozin resulted in improved glycemic control and weight management. But at the age of 25, the patient was hospitalized due to worsened glycemic control and the detection of ketonuria. After thorough examination and clinical observation, we discovered that the patient ketonuria was associated with enhanced lipid metabolism related to Canagliflozin. After excluding the risk of SGLT-2 inhibitor-induced euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis, adjustments of the hypoglycemic regimen, building upon prior treatment, were recommended for the patient. CONCLUSION: It is important to note that among patients with both PWS and diabetes, the utilization of SGLT-2 inhibitors can lead to the emergence of ketonuria due to increased lipolysis. Therefore, any decision to discontinue SGLT-2 inhibitors should undergo thorough evaluation.

Surveillance of pathogenic bacteria on a food matrix using machine-learning-enabled paper chromogenic arrays.

Global food systems can benefit significantly from continuous monitoring of microbial food safety, a task for which tedious operations, destructive sampling, and the inability to monitor multiple pathogens remain challenging. This study reports significant improvements to a paper chromogenic array sensor - machine learning (PCA-ML) methodology sensing concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted on a species-specific basis by pathogens by streamlining dye selection, sensor fabrication, database construction, and machine learning and validation. This approach enables noncontact, time-dependent, simultaneous monitoring of multiple pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, and E. coli O157:H7) at levels as low as 1 log CFU/g with over 90% accuracy. The report provides theoretical and practical frameworks demonstrating that chromogenic response, including limits of detection, depends on time integrals of VOC concentrations. The paper also discusses the potential for implementing PCA-ML in the food supply chain for different food matrices and pathogens, with species- and strain-specific identification.

Layer-by-layer assembly of polyelectrolytes on hydrophobic particles in aqueous milieu for efficient dye removal.

Layer-by-layer assembly of strong polyelectrolytes was successfully implemented on hydrophobic particles in degassed saline water thanks to de-gassing-reduced hydrophobic interactions and salinity-reduced hydration. The resulting polyelectrolyte multilayer coated particles were readily converted to hydrophobic yolk/hydrophilic shell particles for the removal of organic dyes from water via both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions.

Clinical benefits of oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation patients with dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The management of atrial fibrillation (AF) with oral anticoagulants (OAC) is generally recommended to reduce the risk of stroke. However, the decision to prescribe these medications for patients with AF and dementia remains controversial. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of retrospective cohort studies were conducted. The search encompassed PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase databases from inception until May 1st, 2023, with language limited to English. Eligible studies included comparisons between exposure to OAC vs. non-OAC in the AF population with dementia or cognitive impairment. Studies that compared the effects of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) and vitamin-K antagonists were also included. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcomes were ischemic stroke and major bleeding. This study was registered with PROSPERO (No. CRD42023420678). Results: A total of five studies (N = 21,962 patients) met the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. The follow-up duration ranged from 1 to 4 years. Meta-analysis demonstrated that OAC treatment was associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality in AF patients with dementia with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.79 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 0.68 to 0.92, compared to non-OAC treatment. No statistical differences were observed in the risk of major bleeding (HR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.88-1.42) or ischemic stroke (HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.58-1.00). Three studies reported comparisons between DOAC and warfarin; however, pooled analysis was not performed due to heterogeneity. Conclusion: The use of OACs in individuals diagnosed with both AF and dementia holds the potential to reduce all-cause mortality rates, thereby improving the overall clinical prognosis within this specific population. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023420678, PROSPERO identifier, CRD42023420678.

Dynamic electrostatic assembly of polyelectrolytes and perfluorosurfactants into environmentally Adaptable, freestanding membranes with ultralow surface energy and surface adhesion.

HYPOTHESIS: Integration of ultralow surface energy and surface functionality on one surface coatings is highly desirable in chemical and biomedical applications. However, it is a fundamental challenge to reduce surface energy without cost of surface functionality and vice versa. To address this challenge, the present work made use of the rapid and reversible change of surface orientation conformations of weak polyelectrolyte multilayers to create ionic, perfluorinated surfaces. EXPERIMENTS: Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) chains and the micelles of sodium perfluorooctanoate (SPFO) were layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled into (SPFO/PAH)n multilayer films, which readily exfoliated to freestanding membranes. The static and dynamic surface wetting behaviors of the resulting membranes were studied by sessile drop technique and their surface charge behaviors in water by electrokinetic analysis. FINDINGS: As-prepared (SPFO/PAH)n membranes exhibited ultralow surface energy in air; the lowest surface energy is 2.6 ± 0.5 mJ/m2 for PAH-capped surfaces and 7.0 ± 0.9 mJ/m2 for SPFO-capped surfaces. They readily became positively charged in water, which allowed not only effective adsorption of ionic species for further functionalization with subtle change in surface energy, but effective adhesion onto various solid substrates such as glass, stainless steel, and polytetrafluoroethylene to endorse the wide applicability of (SPFO/PAH)n membranes.

Research Progress on Fiber-Reinforced Recycled Brick Aggregate Concrete: A Review.

The addition of fibers to strengthen recycled concrete can strengthen the inherent deficits and deficiencies of concrete containing recycled aggregates to some extent and enlarge the concrete's application range. In order to further promote the development and application of fiber-reinforced brick aggregate recycled concrete, the research results regarding its mechanical properties are reviewed in this paper. The effect of the content of broken brick on the mechanical properties of recycled concrete and the effects of different categories and contents of fiber on the basic mechanical properties of recycled concrete are analyzed. The problems to be solved in research on the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced recycled brick aggregate concrete are presented, and the related research suggestions and prospects are summarized. This review provides a reference for further research in this field and the popularization and application of fiber-reinforced recycled concrete.

CTformer: convolution-free Token2Token dilated vision transformer for low-dose CT denoising.

Objective. Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) denoising is an important problem in CT research. Compared to the normal dose CT, LDCT images are subjected to severe noise and artifacts. Recently in many studies, vision transformers have shown superior feature representation ability over the convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, unlike CNNs, the potential of vision transformers in LDCT denoising was little explored so far. Our paper aims to further explore the power of transformer for the LDCT denoising problem.Approach. In this paper, we propose a Convolution-free Token2Token Dilated Vision Transformer (CTformer) for LDCT denoising. The CTformer uses a more powerful token rearrangement to encompass local contextual information and thus avoids convolution. It also dilates and shifts feature maps to capture longer-range interaction. We interpret the CTformer by statically inspecting patterns of its internal attention maps and dynamically tracing the hierarchical attention flow with an explanatory graph. Furthermore, overlapped inference mechanism is employed to effectively eliminate the boundary artifacts that are common for encoder-decoder-based denoising models.Main results. Experimental results on Mayo dataset suggest that the CTformer outperforms the state-of-the-art denoising methods with a low computational overhead.Significance. The proposed model delivers excellent denoising performance on LDCT. Moreover, low computational cost and interpretability make the CTformer promising for clinical applications.

Sn(II)-doped one-dimensional hybrid metal halide [C5H14NO]CdCl3 single crystals with broadband greenish-yellow light emission.

Low-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid halides, as an important branch of metal halide materials, have attracted much attention due to their excellent photoelectric properties. Herein, we designed one new hybrid cadmium chloride [C5H14NO]CdCl3 based on combinations of the d10 metal cation (Cd2+) and choline chloride molecules. [C5H14NO]CdCl3 single crystals belong to the orthorhombic Pna21 space group and show a one-dimensional (1D) structure with distorted [CdCl5O]5- octahedra. The second harmonic generation (SHG) response of [C5H14NO]CdCl3 exhibits an intensity of approximately 0.4 × KDP. Moreover, the photoluminescence properties of the [C5H14NO]CdCl3 crystal are activated by doping with Sn2+ ions having stereochemically active lone pair 5s2 electrons. Under UV excitation conditions, bright greenish-yellow light emission can be observed, and the quantum efficiency (PLQY) is as high as 91.27%. The luminescence mechanism is revealed by combining the results of temperature dependent luminescence and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. This work can serve as a guide for the design and synthesis of emerging optical materials.

Controlled Iodine Phase Transfer of Covalent Organic Framework Membranes for Instant but Sustained Disinfection.

Freestanding membranes of CuCl2-implanted TpPa covalent organic frameworks (COFs) were mechanochemically produced. The resulting membrane had a high I2 adsorption capacity (566.78 g·mol-1) in cyclohexane, which corresponds to 2.2I2 per unit cell with 1.3I2 immobilized on 3Cl- ions (60%) and 0.9 on 3N atoms (40%). Upon being placed in aqueous media, the membrane released 61.1% of its loaded I2 mainly by its Cl- ions within 10 min and the remaining 38.9% mainly from its N atoms within about 5 h. Thanks to that, the COF membranes loaded with 1.5 mg of I2 could be repetitively utilized to kill about 108 CFU/mL E. coli in 0.5-3 min at least five times, after which the membranes could retain their bactericidal activity for 4 h against 108 CFU/mL E. coli. This highlights the promising application of I2-loaded TpPa-CuCl2 COF membranes for instant and sustained disinfection.