Properties and Applications of Iron-Chalcogenide Superconductors.

Iron-chalcogenide superconductors continue to captivate researchers due to their diverse crystalline structures and intriguing superconducting properties, positioning them as both a valuable platform for theoretical investigations and promising candidates for practical applications. This review begins with a comprehensive overview of the fabrication techniques employed for various iron-chalcogenide superconductors, accompanied by a summary of their phase diagrams. Subsequently, it delves into the upper critical field, anisotropy, and critical current density. Furthermore, it discusses the successful fabrication of meters-long coated conductors and explores their applications in superconducting radio-frequency cavities and coils. Finally, several prospective avenues for future research are proposed.

Deciphering the impact of aging on splenic endothelial cell heterogeneity and immunosenescence through single-cell RNA sequencing analysis.

BACKGROUND: Aging is associated with significant structural and functional changes in the spleen, leading to immunosenescence, yet the detailed effects on splenic vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and their immunomodulatory roles are not fully understood. In this study, a single-cell RNA (scRNA) atlas of EC transcriptomes from young and aged mouse spleens was constructed to reveal age-related molecular changes, including increased inflammation and reduced vascular development and also the potential interaction between splenic endothelial cells and immune cells. RESULTS: Ten clusters of splenic endothelial cells were identified. DEGs analysis across different EC clusters revealed the molecular changes with aging, showing the increase in the overall inflammatory microenvironment and the loss in vascular development function of aged ECs. Notably, four EC clusters with immunological functions were identified, suggesting an Endothelial-to-Immune-like Cell Transition (EndICLT) potentially driven by aging. Pseudotime analysis of the Immunology4 cluster further indicated a possible aging-induced transitional state, potentially initiated by Ctss gene activation. Finally, the effects of aging on cell signaling communication between different EC clusters and immune cells were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive atlas elucidates the complex interplay between ECs and immune cells in the aging spleen, offering new insights into endothelial heterogeneity, reprogramming, and the mechanisms of immunosenescence.

Sliding mode observer-based model predictive tracking control for Mecanum-wheeled mobile robot.

This paper proposes a novel adaptive variable power sliding mode observer-based model predictive control (AVPSMO-MPC) method for the trajectory tracking of a Mecanum-wheeled mobile robot (MWMR) with external disturbances and model uncertainties. First, in the absence of disturbances and uncertainties, a model predictive controller that considers various physical constraints is designed based on the nominal dynamics model of the MWMR, which can transform the tracking problem into a constrained quadratic programming (QP) problem to solve the optimal control inputs online. Subsequently, to improve the anti-jamming ability of the MWMR, an AVPSMO is designed as a feedforward compensation controller to suppress the effects of external disturbances and model uncertainties during the actual motion of the MWMR, and the stability of the AVPSMO is proved via Lyapunov theory. The proposed AVPSMO-MPC method can achieve precise tracking control while ensuring that the constraints of MWMR are not violated in the presence of disturbances and uncertainties. Finally, comparative simulation cases are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.

Edible bird's nest alleviates pneumonia caused by tobacco smoke inhalation through the TNFR1/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.

Exposure to cigarette smoke directly damages the lungs and causes lung inflammation. The anti-inflammatory properties of edible bird's nest (EBN) have been reported. We aimed to determine the effect of EBN on pneumonia in a mouse model exposed to cigarette smoke. Fifty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control, model, positive drug, low-dose EBN, and high-dose EBN groups (n = 10 each). Except for the control group, the mice in each group were exposed to four cigarettes once a day for 8 days. In addition, we validated the effects of EBN on A549 cells and investigated the mechanism by which EBN alleviates lung inflammation. Edible bird's nest (EBN) could alleviate the structural damage of lung tissue and the smoke-induced inflammatory response in mice. The best effect was observed at the high dose of EBN (0.019 g). The mice treated with EBN had a stronger ability than those in the model group to resist cigarette smoke stimulation, as indicated by a decrease in serum and lung inflammatory markers (interleukin 6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], and interleukin 8 [IL-8]), an increase in serum interleukin 10 (IL-10) levels, and a decrease in the expression of inflammasome NOD-like receptor pyrin 3 (NLRP3). In addition, our cell experiments showed that EBN attenuated cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation mainly by inhibiting the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/NLRP3 pathway. These findings provide theoretical evidence for the positive nutritional qualities of EBN for the lung by demonstrating that it inhibits the TNFR1/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway, which prevents the development of cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammation.

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Correlation Between Molecular and Clinical Features.

BACKGROUND: Thyroid cancer is prevalent worldwide, including in China, where its incidence is on the rise. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the predominant subtype. Investigating the relationship between clinical data associated with PTC and gene mutations is crucial for improving detection and treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We collected samples and associated clinical data from 700 PTC patients at Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital. Using a panel of 57 genes linked to thyroid cancer, we sequenced the samples to determine the mutation frequency of thyroid cancer-associated genes in PTC. We further analyzed the correlation between gene variants and clinical information. RESULTS: The mean age of patients in this study was 42.5 years. Females predominated, comprising 507 of the total patient population, resulting in a female-to-male ratio of 2.63 (507:193). Tumor distribution revealed 198, 257, and 142 cases on the left, right, and both sides, respectively. Among the 57 thyroid cancer-related genes analyzed, we identified at least one driver gene in 83.6% of patients. Notably, 76.4% had BRAF mutations, mainly BRAFV600E, which constituted 90.9% of all BRAF mutations, with 535 cases exhibiting these mutations. Other significant driver genes included CHEK2 (n = 84), RET (n = 42), PIK3CA (n = 7), and EGFR (n = 7). RET fusions (n = 28) were also identified. Notably, patients under 55 years old exhibit a higher tendency towards advanced N staging, suggesting that younger individuals may be more prone to lymph node metastasis. Additionally, male patients were more likely to have advanced N stages. Importantly, a positive correlation was observed between higher BRAF allele frequencies and more advanced T and N stages. Similarly, correlation analysis revealed that a greater frequency of RET fusions correlated with later T and N stages. CONCLUSION: This study uncovered several significant insights. Younger PTC patients exhibited a higher propensity for lymph node metastasis. An elevated mutation frequency of BRAF was correlated with a higher occurrence of RET fusions, predisposing individuals to lymph node metastasis and potentially indicating a poorer prognosis.

YTHDF1 promotes the osteolytic bone metastasis of breast cancer via inducing EZH2 and CDH11 translation.

Bone metastasis is common in breast cancer and more effective therapies are required, however, its molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Additionally, the role of the m6A reader YTHDF1 in bone metastasis of breast cancer has not been reported. Here, we reveal that the increased expression of YTHDF1 is clinically correlated with breast cancer bone metastases. YTHDF1 promotes migration, invasion, and osteoblast adhesion and induces osteoclast differentiation of cancer cells in vitro and vivo. Mechanically, RNA-seq, MeRIP-seq and RIP-seq analysis, and molecular biology experiments demonstrate that YTHDF1 translationally enhances EZH2 and CDH11 expression by reading m6A-enriched sites of their transcripts. Moreover, adeno-associated virus (AAV) was used to deliver shYTHDF1 (shYTHDF1-AAV) in intratibial injection models, eliciting a significant suppressive effect on breast cancer bone metastatic formation and osteolytic destruction. Overall, we uncovered that YTHDF1 promotes osteolytic bone metastases of breast cancer by inducing EZH2 and CDH11 translation.

Attenuating intervertebral disc degeneration through spermidine-delivery nanoplatform based on polydopamine for persistent regulation of oxidative stress.

As one of the most widespread musculoskeletal diseases worldwide, intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) remains an intractable clinical problem. Currently, oxidative stress has been widely considered as a significant risk factor in the IVDD pathological changes, and targeting oxidative stress injury to improve the harsh microenvironment may provide a novel and promising strategy for disc repair. It is evident that spermidine (SPD) has the ability to attenuate oxidative stress across several disease models. However, limited research exists regarding its impact on oxidative stress within the intervertebral disc. Moreover, enhancing the local utilization rate of SPD holds great significance in IVDD management. This study aimed to develop an intelligent biodegradable mesoporous polydopamine (PDA) nanoplatform for sustained release of SPD. The obtained PDA nanoparticles with spherical morphology and mesoporous structure released loaded-therapeutic molecules under low pH and H2O2. Combined treatment with SPD loaded into PDA nanoparticles (SPD/PDA) resulted in better therapeutic potential than those with SPD alone on oxidative stress injury. Furthermore, both SPD and SPD/PDA could induce anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization. Upon injection into degenerative IVDs, the SPD/PDA group achieved a good repair efficacy with a long-term therapeutic effect. These findings indicated that the synergized use of SPD with responsive drug delivery nanocarriers may steadily scavenge reactive oxygen species and provide an effective approach toward the treatment of IVDD.

Increased Active Inflammation in the Colon is Not a Reliable Predictor of an Elevated Risk of Dysplasia in Patients With Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Ulcerative Colitis.

Although the increased risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with both primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and ulcerative colitis (UC; termed PSC-UC) is well documented, the mechanism through which concomitant PSC increases the risk of colorectal neoplasia remains unclear. Given that the risk of colorectal neoplasia in UC is positively correlated with increased histologic inflammation, this study sought to investigate whether increased histologic inflammation could be used to stratify the risk of dysplasia development in patients with PSC-UC. Twenty patients with PSC-UC and dysplasia were compared with 30 control patients with PSC-UC who had no history of neoplasia. For each patient, all surveillance biopsies were scored using a 4-point scoring system: (1) no epithelial neutrophils = 0, (2) cryptitis only = 1, (3) cryptitis plus crypt abscess in <50% of crypts = 2, and (4) crypt abscess in ≥50% of crypts, erosion, neutrophilic exudate, and/or ulceration = 3. A score was designated for each biopsy, and both mean and maximum inflammation scores were calculated from all biopsies taken during each colonoscopy. The inflammation burden score was calculated for each surveillance interval by multiplying the average maximum score between each pair of surveillance episodes by the length of the surveillance interval in years. The average scores derived from all colonoscopies for each patient were used to determine the patient's overall mean, maximum, and inflammation burden scores. In both the dysplasia and control groups, the 3 summative inflammation scores were calculated independently for the entire colon, right colon, and left colon. The dysplasia group consisted of 14 (70%) men and 6 (30%) women, with a mean age of 27 years at UC diagnosis and a long history of pancolitis (mean duration: 17 y). A total of 49 dysplastic lesions were detected in the dysplasia group, and 8 (40%) of the 20 patients had multifocal dysplasia. The majority of dysplastic lesions belonged to nonconventional subtypes (n = 28; 57%) and were located in the right colon (n = 37; 76%). Irrespective of the colon segment, there was no significant difference in the 3 summative inflammation scores between the dysplasia and control groups (P > 0.05). However, in each group, the 3 summative inflammation scores were significantly higher in the right colon than in the left colon (P< 0.05). In conclusion, patients with PSC-UC exhibit increased histologic inflammation in the right colon compared with the left colon, regardless of the presence of dysplasia. Although this may provide an explanation for the predominance of right-sided colorectal neoplasia in patients with PSC-UC, increased histologic inflammation does not reliably predict an elevated risk of dysplasia in patients with PSC-UC. These findings reinforce the current recommendation for annual endoscopic surveillance for all patients with PSC-UC, irrespective of the extent and severity of inflammation.

An efficient visual servo tracker for herd monitoring by UAV.

It is a challenging and meaningful task to carry out UAV-based livestock monitoring in high-altitude (more than 4500 m on average) and cold regions (annual average - 4 °C) on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The purpose of artificial intelligence (AI) is to execute automated tasks and to solve practical problems in actual applications by combining the software technology with the hardware carrier to create integrated advanced devices. Only in this way, the maximum value of AI could be realized. In this paper, a real-time tracking system with dynamic target tracking ability is proposed. It is developed based on the tracking-by-detection architecture using YOLOv7 and Deep SORT algorithms for target detection and tracking, respectively. In response to the problems encountered in the tracking process of complex and dense scenes, our work (1) Uses optical flow to compensate the Kalman filter, to solve the problem of mismatch between the target bounding box predicted by the Kalman filter (KF) and the input when the target detection in the current frame is complex, thereby improving the prediction accuracy; (2) Using a low confidence trajectory filtering method to reduce false positive trajectories generated by Deep SORT, thereby mitigating the impact of unreliable detection on target tracking. (3) A visual servo controller has been designed for the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to reduce the impact of rapid movement on tracking and ensure that the target is always within the field of view of the UAV camera, thereby achieving automatic tracking tasks. Finally, the system was tested using Tibetan yaks on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau as tracking targets, and the results showed that the system has real-time multi tracking ability and ideal visual servo effect in complex and dense scenes.

Intraocular mRNA delivery with endogenous MmPEG10-based virus-like particles.

Virus-like particles (VLP) are a promising tool for intracellular gene delivery, yet their potential in ocular gene therapy remains underexplored. In this study, we bridged this knowledge gap by demonstrating the successful generation and application of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSVG)-pseudotyped mouse PEG10 (MmPEG10)-VLP for intraocular mRNA delivery. Our findings revealed that PEG10-VLP can efficiently deliver GFP mRNA to adult retinal pigment epithelial cell line-19 (ARPE-19) cells, leading to transient expression. Moreover, we showed that MmPEG10-VLP can transfer SMAD7 to inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in RPE cells effectively. In vivo experiments further substantiated the potential of these vectors, as subretinal delivery into adult mice resulted in efficient transduction of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and GFP reporter gene expression without significant immune response. However, intravitreal injection did not yield efficient ocular expression. We also evaluated the transduction characteristics of MmPEG10-VLP following intracameral delivery, revealing transient GFP protein expression in corneal endothelial cells without significant immunotoxicities. In summary, our study established that VSVG pseudotyped MmPEG10-based VLP can transduce mitotically inactive RPE cells and corneal endothelial cells in vivo without triggering an inflammatory response, underscoring their potential utility in ocular gene therapy.

Combined use of hydrogen-rich water and enzyme-digested edible bird's nest improves PMA/LPS-impaired wound healing in human inflammatory gingival tissue equivalents.

Gingival wound healing plays a critical role in maintaining oral health. However, this process can be delayed by oxidative stress and excessive inflammatory responses. In this study, we established a human inflammatory gingival tissue equivalent (iGTE) to investigate the inhibitory effects of hydrogen-rich water (HW), enzyme-digested edible bird's nest (EBND) and sialic acid (SA) on PMA (an inducer of oxidative free radicals)- and LPS (an inflammatory stimulus)-impaired wound healing. The iGTE was constructed by human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs), keratinocytes and macrophages under three-dimensional conditions. Wounds in the iGTE and hGF/keratinocyte monolayers were created by mechanical injury. Tissues and cells were pretreated with HW, EBND, and SA, and then exposed to the inflammatory and oxidative environment induced by PMA (10 ng/mL) and LPS (250 ng/mL). The inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 were quantitatively analyzed by ELISA. Histopathological image analysis was performed by HE and immunofluorescence staining. In the iGTE, PMA/LPS significantly reduced the epithelial thickness while causing a decrease in K8/18, E-cadherin, laminin and elastin expression and an increase in COX-2 expression along with ulcer-like lesions. In mechanically scratched hGFs and keratinocyte monolayers, PMA/LPS significantly impaired wound healing, and promoted the secretion of IL-6 and IL-8. Pretreatment of HW, EBND, and SA significantly suppressed PMA/LPS-induced wound healing delay and inflammatory responses in cell monolayers, as well as in the iGTE. Remarkably, the combined use of HW and EBND exhibited particularly robust results. Combined use of HW and EBND may be applied for the prevention and treatment of wound healing delay.

The Development of Serrated Epithelial Change in Ulcerative Colitis is not Significantly Associated With Increased Histologic Inflammation.

Serrated epithelial change (SEC) in inflammatory bowel disease is most often defined as hyperplastic polyp-like mucosal change detected on random biopsies. Although SEC has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of synchronous and/or metachronous colorectal neoplasia, it remains unknown if SEC represents a form of dysplastic lesion despite the lack of morphologic evidence of dysplasia. Since the risk of colorectal neoplasia in ulcerative colitis (UC) is positively correlated with increased histologic inflammation, this study investigated if increased colonic inflammation is an independent risk factor for SEC. A cohort of 28 UC patients with SEC was analyzed and compared with 51 control UC patients without SEC. None of these patients had a history of colorectal neoplasia. For each patient with SEC, all biopsies conducted before and at the time of SEC diagnosis (versus all biopsies for each control patient) were scored by using a 4-point scoring system: no activity (no epithelial infiltration by neutrophils=0); mild activity (cryptitis only=1); moderate activity (cryptitis plus crypt abscess formation in <50% of crypts=2); and severe activity (crypt abscess formation in ≥50% of crypts, erosion, neutrophilic exudate, and/or ulceration=3). Each biopsy was designated a score, and both mean and maximum inflammation scores were calculated from all biopsies taken during each colonoscopy. The inflammation burden score was calculated for each surveillance interval by multiplying the average maximum score between each pair of surveillance episodes by the length of the surveillance interval in years. The average scores of all colonoscopies for each patient were used to assign the patient's overall mean, maximum, and inflammation burden scores. The SEC cohort included 12 (43%) men and 16 (57%) women with a mean age of 47 years at the time of the first SEC diagnosis and a long history of UC (mean: 13 y). The majority of patients (n=21; 75%) had pancolitis, and only 1 (4%) patient had primary sclerosing cholangitis. A total of 37 SEC were identified in the 28 patients, 4 (14%) of whom had multifocal SEC. SEC was predominantly found in the left colon (n=32; 86%). In the multivariate analysis, none of the 3 summative inflammation scores, including overall mean (odds ratio [OR] 1.9, P =0.489), maximum (OR 0.4, P =0.259), and inflammation burden scores (OR 1.2, P =0.223), were significantly associated with the development of SEC. Similarly, no other potential risk factors, including age, gender, ethnicity, and duration and extent of UC, were significantly correlated with the detection of SEC ( P >0.05). In conclusion, the development of SEC in UC is not significantly associated with increased histologic inflammation. Given the reported association of SEC with an increased risk of synchronous and/or metachronous colorectal neoplasia, along with the presence of molecular alterations in some cases (such as TP53 mutations and aneuploidy), SEC may represent an early morphologic indicator of segmental or pan-colonic molecular abnormalities that have not advanced enough to result in colorectal neoplasia, as opposed to being a form of dysplasia.

Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Premenopausal Patients With Hormone-Positive Breast Cancer With a Recurrence Score of 16-25: A Retrospective Analysis Using the National Cancer Database.

PURPOSE: Results from the TAILORx trial revealed that the use of adjuvant chemotherapy along with endocrine therapy had no survival advantage in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-), node-negative (N0) breast cancer (BC) with an intermediate (11-25) 21-gene recurrence score (RS) in the overall population. However, in patients under age 50 years, adjuvant chemotherapy demonstrated a progression-free survival benefit when the RS ranged from 16-25. We studied this cohort with the population-based national database. METHODS: The 2010-2018 National Cancer Database was used to include patients with BC age 18-50 years, N0, M0, RS 16-25, ER+/progesterone receptor±, and HER2-. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of adjuvant chemotherapy use, and the survival between them was compared. RESULTS: Adjuvant chemotherapy use was noted in 4,808/15,792 (30.45%) patients. Median RS was 18 and 21 in patients without and with adjuvant chemotherapy, respectively. Factors associated with adjuvant chemotherapy use were higher T stage, poor and moderately differentiated tumors, age <40 years, care at an academic center, Caucasian race, patients undergoing mastectomy, regional lymph node surgery, and radiation therapy. Kaplan-Meier survival at 10 years was better with adjuvant chemotherapy (96.2% v 91.6%). Patients without adjuvant chemotherapy had more adverse outcomes (hazard ratio [HR], 1.683 [95% CI, 1.392 to 2.036]; P < .0001). Subgroup analysis showed that the benefit was significant in patients with RS scores 21-25 (HR, 1.953 [95% CI, 1.295 to 2.945]), ductal histology (HR, 1.521 [95% CI, 1.092 to 2.118]), Caucasian race (HR, 1.655 [95% CI, 1.180 to 2.322]), and 41-50 years age group (HR, 1.732 [95% CI, 1.244 to 2.411]). CONCLUSION: Our study showed an overall survival benefit for adjuvant chemotherapy use in patients with ER-positive, N0 premenopausal BC patients, age less than 50 years, with an intermediate RS score, particularly 21-25.

Recent advances and role of melatonin in post-harvest quality preservation of shiitake (Lentinula edodes).

Shiitake mushrooms are renowned for their popularity and robust nutritional value, are susceptible to spoilage due to their inherent biodegradability. Nevertheless, because of their lack of protection, these mushrooms have a short shelf life. Throughout the post-harvest phase, mushrooms experience a persistent decline in quality. This is evidenced by changes such as discoloration, reduced moisture content, texture changes, an increase in microbial count, and the depletion of nutrients and flavor. Ensuring postharvest quality preservation and prolonging mushroom shelf life necessitates the utilization of post-harvest preservation techniques, including physical, chemical, and thermal processes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the deterioration processes affecting mushroom quality, covering elements such as moisture loss, discoloration, texture alterations, increased microbial count, and the depletion of nutrients and flavor. It also explores the key factors influencing these processes, such as temperature, relative humidity, water activity, and respiration rate. Furthermore, the review delves into recent progress in preserving mushrooms through techniques such as drying, cooling, packaging, irradiation, washing, and coating.

Hypoxic Exosomal circPLEKHM1-Mediated Crosstalk between Tumor Cells and Macrophages Drives Lung Cancer Metastasis.

Intercellular communication often relies on exosomes as messengers and is critical for cancer metastasis in hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Some circular RNAs (circRNAs) are enriched in cancer cell-derived exosomes, but little is known about their ability to regulate intercellular communication and cancer metastasis. Here, by systematically analyzing exosomes secreted by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, a hypoxia-induced exosomal circPLEKHM1 is identified that drives NSCLC metastasis through polarizing macrophages toward to M2 type. Mechanistically, exosomal circPLEKHM1 promoted PABPC1-eIF4G interaction to facilitate the translation of the oncostatin M receptor (OSMR), thereby promoting macrophage polarization for cancer metastasis. Importantly, circPLEKHM1-targeted therapy significantly reduces NSCLC metastasis in vivo. circPLEKHM1 serves as a prognostic biomarker for metastasis and poor survival in NSCLC patients. This study unveils a new circRNA-mediated mechanism underlying how cancer cells crosstalk with macrophages within the hypoxic tumor microenvironment to promote metastasis, highlighting the importance of exosomal circPLEKHM1 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for lung cancer metastasis.

CD169+ classical monocyte as an important participant in Graves' ophthalmopathy through CXCL12-CXCR4 axis.

Patients with Graves' disease (GD) can develop Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), but the underlying pathological mechanisms driving this development remain unclear. In our study, which included patients with GD and GO, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and multiplatform analyses to investigate CD169+ classical monocytes, which secrete proinflammatory cytokines and are expanded through activated interferon signaling. We found that CD169+ clas_mono was clinically significant in predicting GO progression and prognosis, and differentiated into CD169+ macrophages that promote inflammation, adipogenesis, and fibrosis. Our murine model of early-stage GO showed that CD169+ classical monocytes accumulated in orbital tissue via the Cxcl12-Cxcr4 axis. Further studies are needed to investigate whether targeting circulating monocytes and the Cxcl12-Cxcr4 axis could alleviate GO progression.

[Expert consensus on integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine diagnosis and treatment for osteoporotic fractures].

Osteoporotic fractures represent the most severe complications of osteoporosis,characterized by insidious onset,high mortality and disability rates,and a steadily increasing incidence,imposing a significant socioeconomic burden. Western medicine has advantages in diagnosis and surgical interventions,while traditional Chinese medicine excels in holistic management and the restoration of bodily equilibrium. The integration of both traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and western medicine emerges as an effective therapeutic strategy for osteoporotic fractures. In order to propagate the concept of integrated diagnosis and treatment,foster the advancement of integrated medical techniques for osteoporotic fractures,and establish standardized and normative protocols for disease prevention,diagnosis,and treatment,a consensus expert group,led by Geriatric Branch of Chinese Geriatrics Society,the Young Osteoporosis Group of Orthopedics Branch of Chinese Medical Association,Osteoporosis Group of Orthopedics Branch of Chinese Physician Association,and Osteoporosis Professional Committee of the Shanghai Society of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,was established. This group engaged in deliberations and formulated the "Expert Consensus on Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporotic Fractures" elucidating the concept of integrated medicine and offering recommendations in the domains of prevention,diagnosis,and treatment,with the aspiration of ameliorating the prognosis of osteoporotic fractures and enhancing the quality of life for these patients.

Expert consensus on Prospective Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Strategies for Osteoporotic Fractures.

Osteoporotic fractures are the most severe complications of osteoporosis, characterized by poor bone quality, difficult realignment and fixation, slow fracture healing, and a high risk of recurrence. Clinically managing these fractures is relatively challenging, and in the context of rapid aging, they pose significant social hazards. The rapid advancement of disciplines such as biophysics and biochemistry brings new opportunities for future medical diagnosis and treatment. However, there has been limited attention to precision diagnosis and treatment strategies for osteoporotic fractures both domestically and internationally. In response to this, the Chinese Medical Association Orthopaedic Branch Youth Osteoporosis Group, Chinese Geriatrics Society Geriatric Orthopaedics Committee, Chinese Medical Doctor Association Orthopaedic Physicians Branch Youth Committee Osteoporosis Group, and Shanghai Association of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Osteoporosis Professional Committee have collaborated to develop this consensus. It aims to elucidate emerging technologies that may play a pivotal role in both diagnosis and treatment, advocating for clinicians to embrace interdisciplinary approaches and incorporate these new technologies into their practice. Ultimately, the goal is to improve the prognosis and quality of life for elderly patients with osteoporotic fractures.

A multifunctional composite hydrogel that sequentially modulates the process of bone healing and guides the repair of bone defects.

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which exhibits excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity, is a well-established bone filling material for bone defects. Here, we synthesized CaCO3microspheres (CMs) to use as an intelligent carrier to load bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Subsequently, drug-loaded CMs and catalase (CAT) were added to methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels to prepare a composite hydrogel for differential release of the drugs. CAT inside hydrogels was released with a fast rate to eliminate H2O2and generate oxygen. Constant BMP-2 release from CMs induced rapid osteogenesis. Resultsin vitroindicated that the composite hydrogels efficiently reduced the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species, preventing cells from being injured by oxidative stress, promoting cell survival and proliferation, and enhancing osteogenesis. Furthermore, animal experiments demonstrated that the composite hydrogels were able to inhibit the inflammatory response, regulate macrophage polarization, and facilitate the healing of bone defects. These findings indicate that a multi-pronged strategy is greatly expected to promote the bone healing by modulating pathological microenvironments.

DADS Inhibits the Proliferation of MDCC-MSB-1 Cells by Inducing Autophagy via the MEK/ERK Signalling Pathway.

Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is effective at suppressing tumour cell growth and proliferation. This study verified the morphology and growth activity of MDCC-MSB-1 cells by using an MTT assay to detect the effect of DADS on the proliferation of MDCC-MSB-1 cells and a CCK8 assay to detect the effect of DADS on the viability and proliferation of MDCC-MSB-1 cells. We found that the viability and proliferation of MDCC-MSB-1 cells decreased with increasing DADS concentrations. MDC staining and Western blotting were used to analyse autophagy, the associated protein LC3 and the MEK/ERK pathway proteins MEK and ERK and to investigate changes in cellular autophagy based on cell morphology and molecular biology. With increasing concentrations of DADS, MDCC-MSB-1 cell autophagy increased in a gradient manner. Additionally, the conversion of the autophagy marker protein LC3-I increased with increasing drug concentrations, and the relative expression of LC3-II steadily increased, as did the expression of key protein components of the MEK/ERK signalling pathway, including P-MEK1/2 and P-ERK1/2. These results suggest that DADS induces autophagy through the MEK/ERK pathway, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of MDCC-MSB-1 cells.