RESUMO
AIMS: To assess the relationship of longitudinal changes in fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM) and waist circumference (WC) with incident kidney outcomes in people with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 3927 participants with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 from the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial were included. The primary outcome was kidney outcomes, defined as a decrease in eGFR of at least 40% from baseline at follow-up visit, or end-stage kidney disease. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 8.0 years, 450 kidney outcomes were documented after the first 1 year. In the intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) group, reductions in FM (per 10% decrease, adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69-0.94) and WC (per 10% decrease, adjusted HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.59-0.88) from baseline to 1-year follow-up were significantly associated with a lower risk of kidney outcomes. The change in LM was not significantly associated with risk of kidney outcomes (per 10% decrease, adjusted HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.58-1.06). In the diabetes support and education group (control group), no significant association was found between changes in body composition and kidney outcomes. Similar results were observed for the 4-year changes in body composition. CONCLUSIONS: In this post hoc analysis of the Look AHEAD trial, longitudinal declines in FM and WC were associated with a lower risk of kidney outcomes in the ILI group in participants with overweight/obesity and T2DM.
RESUMO
Natural biomass based carbonaceous aerogels are becoming promising lightweight, biodegradable matrices to supersede traditional support materials in realizing future sustainable photochemistry and environmental protection. Herein, flower-like BiOBr loaded onto an ultralight TEMPO-mediated oxidized carbonaceous aerogel (BOB@OWMCA) support was successfully prepared using the edible winter melon as source material via a simple solvothermal method. The three-dimensional sponge-like OWMCA with surface functionalization displayed an ultralow density (17.7 mg cm(-3)) and large special surface area (30.6 m(2) g(-1)). The BiOBr was homogeneously anchored on the surface of the hierarchical porous OWMCA and the material exhibited synergetic properties of the BiOBr photocatalyst and OWMCA support to strengthen its photodegradation capacity. The results indicated that the as-prepared BOB@OWMCA composite demonstrated an outstanding adsorption and photodegradation capacity for organic pollutants (rhodamine B) under visible light irradiation. Of importance here, the BOB@OWMCA composite showed a prominent advantage for easy collection and separation from the aqueous system, making it a promising candidate as a robust visible light responsive photocatalyst for a range of applications.
