Urine-derived stem cells: Promising advancements and applications in regenerative medicine and beyond.

Currently, stem cells are a prominent focus of regenerative engineering research. However, due to the limitations of commonly used stem cell sources, their application in therapy is often restricted to the experimental stage and constrained by ethical considerations. In contrast, urine-derived stem cells (USCs) offer promising advantages for clinical trials and applications. The noninvasive nature of the collection process allows for repeated retrieval within a short period, making it a more feasible option. Moreover, studies have shown that USCs have a protective effect on organs, promoting vascular regeneration, inhibiting oxidative stress, and reducing inflammation in various acute and chronic organ dysfunctions. The application of USCs has also been enhanced by advancements in biomaterials technology, enabling better targeting and controlled release capabilities. This review aims to summarize the current state of research on USCs, providing insights for future applications in basic and clinical settings.

Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma misdiagnosed as lung squamous cell carcinoma: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (PPLELC) is an uncommon subtype of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung, closely associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The pathological features of PPLELC closely resemble those of SCC, which makes it prone to misdiagnosis. Surgical intervention constitutes the primary treatment approach for PPLELC. CASE SUMMARY: This report describes a 44-year-old woman who was hospitalized for 1 mo due to left chest pain. Computed tomography revealed a mass shadow in the anterior basal segment of the left lower lobe, and a subsequent needle biopsy suggested SCC. The patient underwent radical tumor resection in the lower left lobe of the lung, and postoperative pathological examination indicated lymphoepithelial carcinoma, and the test for EBV encoded small RNA was positive. Following surgery, the patient was scheduled to receive four cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy, using the paclitaxel + carboplatin regimen, but the patient refused further treatment. CONCLUSION: PPLELC is an exceptionally rare subtype of lung SCC and is prone to misdiagnosis.

[Role of coagulation dysfunction in thrombocytopenia-related death in patients with septic shock].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of thrombocytopenia on the prognosis of patients with septic shock and its mechanism in leading to death. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was conducted. Patients with septic shock admitted to emergency intensive care unit (EICU) and intensive care unit (ICU) in Peking University People's Hospital from April 1, 2015 to January 31, 2023 were enrolled. Patients were divided into the thrombocytopenia group and the non-thrombocytopenia group, according to whether the minimum platelet count was less than 100×109/L within 24 hours after admission to ICU. The outcome index was the mortality during ICU stay. The baseline data, hospitalization information and laboratory test results of the two groups were compared, and the risk factors of in-hospital death were analyzed by Logistic regression, and the mediation effect was performed by Bootstrap method. RESULTS: A total of 301 patients with septic shock were enrolled, of which 172 (57.1%) had thrombocytopenia and 129 (42.9%) did not. There were significant differences between the two groups in age, mortality, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), continuous renal replacement therapy, and level of creatinine, urea nitrogen, total bilirubin, white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed thrombocytopenia [odds ratio (OR) = 4.478], continuous renal replacement therapy (OR = 4.601), DIC (OR = 6.248), serum creatinine (OR = 1.005), urea nitrogen (OR = 1.126), total bilirubin (OR = 1.006) and PT (OR = 1.126) were risk factors of death during hospitalization in patients with septic shock (all P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that thrombocytopenia [OR = 3.338, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.910-5.834, P = 0.000], continuous renal replacement therapy (OR = 3.175, 95%CI was 1.576-6.395, P = 0.001) and PT (OR = 1.077, 95%CI was 1.011-1.147, P = 0.021) were independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with septic shock. Mediation analysis showed that 51% of the deaths due to thrombocytopenia in patients with septic shock were due to coagulopathy. CONCLUSIONS: Thrombocytopenia is a powerful predictor of death in septic shock patients, and half of all thrombocytopenia-related deaths may be due to abnormal coagulation function.

Anatomical Study and Clinical Application of Neuroendoscopic Transfarlateral Supracerebellar Infratentorial Approach.

BACKGROUND: Tumors in the petroclival region have challenged neurosurgeons. However, neuroendoscopy has been increasingly applied internationally. This study simulated a pure neuroendoscopic transfarlateral supracerebellar infratentorial approach for petroclival tumor resection from the cadaveric head and discussed the advantages and safety of this approach. METHODS: The anatomical structure for petroclival tumor resection was visualized using a pure neuroendoscopic transfarlateral supracerebellar infratentorial approach in 5 cadaveric heads. Ten cases with petroclival tumors were retrospectively analyzed and summarized between January 2020 and June 2021. All the cases had undergone surgery using a pure neuroendoscopic supracerebellar infratentorial approach. RESULTS: The anatomical structure of the petroclival region was exposed using the pure neuroendoscopic supracerebellar infratentorial approach, and the partial anatomical structure of the middle skull base was further exposed by incision of the tentorium in the cadaveric head. Among the 10 cases, the tumors of 6 cases were totally removed, and those of 4 cases were subtotally removed; no cases of intracranial infection or death occurred after surgery. CONCLUSION: The neuroendoscopic transfarlateral supracerebellar infratentorial keyhole approach is a safe and effective surgical method to treat petroclival lesions and invasive middle cranial fossa lesions.

Estimate of population density and diagnosis of main factors of spatial heterogeneity in the metropolitan scale, western China.

We estimated the population density and quantified its characteristics using remote sensing, census data, and Geographic Information System (GIS). The interactive influence of these factors on population density was quantified based on geographic detectors to identify the differentiation mechanisms in the Chengdu metropolitan area of China. We identified the key factors that contribute to population density growth. The models used to simulate population density had the highest R2 values (>0.899). Population density tended to increase with time, with a multicentre spatial agglomeration pattern; the centre of gravity of the spatial distribution tended to move from the southeast to the northwest. Industry proportions, Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), land use, distance to urban centers or construction land, and GDP per capita can satisfactorily explain population density changes. The combined impact of these elements on population density variation exhibited mutual and non-linear strengthening, with the mutual effect of the two elements intensifying the impact of each individual element. Our study identified the key driving forces that contribute to the differentiation of population density, which can provide valuable support for the development of effective regional and targeted population planning guidelines.

Hexagon AgNCs/PVP Crystallization Induced Cathode Electrochemiluminescence Enhancement for miRNA221 Biosensing.

Aggredation-induced electrochemiluminescence (AIECL) promises an efficient strategy for synthesize highly luminescent emitter and co-reactant for ECL analysis, however, rational control of electrogenerated emission intensity is still challenging. The low electroconductivity and amorphous molecular configuration are intrinsic bottleneck. This work reveals the impact of polyvinyl pyrrolidone backbone regulated silver nanocrystallines (AgNCs/PVP) on the cathode AIECL properties in near infrared region, by employing the Box-Behnken designed response surface computation model to modulate crystal aggregates. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy discovered hydrogen radical (HO• ) dominant reductive-oxidative (R-O) ECL mechanism with AgNCs acting as the co-reaction accelerator in graphene oxide/persulfate system (GO/S2 O8 2- ). Both theoretical calculation and experimental measurement testified that the ECL of AgNCs in GO/S2 O8 2- dependent on the concentration of in situ electrochemical oxidized Ag+ . The high efficiency of crystallization-induced enhanced ECL (CIECL) originates from 1) the effective electron transfer of Ag+ accelerated HO• produce to notable promote radioactive transition, and 2) twisted intramolecular charge transfer from the electron-rich donor of PVP to electron-deficient receptor of Ag0 to restrict nonradioactive transition. The AgNCs/PVP with CIECL effect are applied to construct an ultrasensitive platform for miR-221 assay with a lower detection limit of 7.47 × 103  copies mL-1 than typical qPCR method.

Prediction of immune subtypes and overall survival in lung squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), one of the most common subtypes of lung cancer, is a leading cause of cancer-caused deaths in the world. It has been well demonstrated that a deep understanding of the tumor environment in cancer would be helpful to predict the prognosis of patients. This study aimed to evaluate the tumor environment in LUSC, and to construct an efficient prognosis model involved in specific subtypes. METHODS: Four expression files were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Three datasets (GSE19188, GSE2088, GSE6044) were considered as the testing group and the other dataset (GSE11969) was used as the validation group. By performing LUSC immune subtype consensus clustering (CC), LUSC patients were separated into two immune subtypes comprising subtype 1 (S1) and subtype 2 (S2). Weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were performed to identify and narrow down the key genes among subtype 1 related genes that were closely related to the overall survival (OS) of LUSC patients. Using immune subtype related genes, a prognostic model was also constructed to predict the OS of LUSC patients. RESULTS: It showed that LUSC patients in the S1 immune subtype exhibited a better OS than in the S2 immune subtype. WGCNA and LASSO analyses screened out important immune subtype related genes in specific modules that were closely associated with LUSC prognosis, followed by construction of the prognostic model. Both the testing datasets and validation dataset confirmed that the prognostic model could be efficiently used to predict the OS of LUSC patients in subtype 1. CONCLUSION: We explored the tumor environment in LUSC and established a risk prognostic model that might have the potential to be applied in clinical practice.

Quantifying the spatial differentiation mechanism of land use degree.

The land use degree reflects the land use due to natural factors and human activities, and thus, its spatial differentiation analysis and the study of factors influencing it is of great importance. Although the mechanisms by which changes in factors affect land use have been extensively studied, the impact of factor variations on spatial differentiation of land use degree remains poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, we applied geographical detector, a new tool of spatial statistics, and used spatial autocorrelation and GIS spatial analyses to study the interactive effects of factors on land use degree and their changes in Sichuan, western China and identified the most appropriate characteristics and scope of factors. The land use degree showed an increasing trend. The geographical differentiation of land use was significant, with a high land use degree in the Chengdu Plain and its surrounding areas in the east, a low land use degree in the plateau area of western Sichuan and a significant aggregated distribution. Topographic relief, elevation, annual average temperature, geomorphic type, ≥10°C accumulated temperature, and other factors provided a good explanation for the variability in the land use degree. There were interactive effects of factors that influenced the land use degree. The synergistic effects of factors exhibited mutual and non-linear enhancement relationships, and the interaction of the factors enhanced the influence of individual factors. The most appropriate characteristics and scope of the main factors revealed by our study will contribute to a better understanding of the influences of factors on the changes in land use and their driving mechanisms.

Inhibition of CEBPB Attenuates Lupus Nephritis via Regulating Pim-1 Signaling.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease leading to inflammatory damage in multiple target organs, and lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most life-threatening organ manifestations. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ß (CEBPB) regulates the NLRP3 inflammasome and is involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. However, the role and mechanism of CEBPB in LN remains unclear. MRL/lpr mice and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) combined with adenosine triphosphate- (ATP-) treated glomerular podocytes were used as models of LN in vivo and in vitro, respectively. In vivo, we investigated the expressions of CEBPB during the development of MRL/lpr mice. Then we assessed the effect of CEBPB inhibition on renal structure and function through injecting shCEBPB lentivirus into MRL/lpr mice. In vitro, glomerular podocytes were treated with Pim-1-OE and siCEBPB to explore the relation between CEBPB and Pim-1. The progression of LN in mice was associated with the increased level of CEBPB, and the inhibition of CEBPB ameliorated renal structure impairments and improved renal function damage associated with LN. Knockdown of CEBPB could suppress the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the secretion of IL-1ß and IL-6. Furthermore, the knockdown of CEBPB could inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis via binding to Pim-1 promoter to downregulate its expression, and the overexpression of Pim-1 reversed the effects of CEBPB deficiency. The regulation of CEBPB on Pim-1 facilitated pyroptosis by activating NLRP3 inflammasome, thereby promoting the development of LN.

RC-Net: Regression Correction for End-To-End Chromosome Instance Segmentation.

Precise segmentation of chromosome in the real image achieved by a microscope is significant for karyotype analysis. The segmentation of image is usually achieved by a pixel-level classification task, which considers different instances as different classes. Many instance segmentation methods predict the Intersection over Union (IoU) through the head branch to correct the classification confidence. Their effectiveness is based on the correlation between branch tasks. However, none of these methods consider the correlation between input and output in branch tasks. Herein, we propose a chromosome instance segmentation network based on regression correction. First, we adopt two head branches to predict two confidences that are more related to localization accuracy and segmentation accuracy to correct the classification confidence, which reduce the omission of predicted boxes in NMS. Furthermore, a NMS algorithm is further designed to screen the target segmentation mask with the IoU of the overlapping instance, which reduces the omission of predicted masks in NMS. Moreover, given the fact that the original IoU loss function is not sensitive to the wrong segmentation, K-IoU loss function is defined to strengthen the penalty of the wrong segmentation, which rationalizes the loss of mis-segmentation and effectively prevents wrong segmentation. Finally, an ablation experiment is designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the chromosome instance segmentation network based on regression correction, which shows that our proposed method can effectively enhance the performance in automatic chromosome segmentation tasks and provide a guarantee for end-to-end karyotype analysis.

Geiparvarin Inhibits OS Metastasis through Upregulation of ANGPTL4 Expression by Inhibiting miRNA-3912-3p Expression.

Background: Geiparvarin (GN) is a natural compound with anticancer activity. However, the effect of GN on osteosarcoma (OS) and the anticancer mechanism of GN are still unclear. Methods: Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Invasion and migration were measured by transwell assay. The miRNAs, genes, and signaling pathways affected by GN were confirmed by whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The expression level of mRNA and protein was measured by qRT-PCR and western blot. Animal experiment was performed for confirming the GN anticancer effect and side effect in vivo. Results: Our results show that GN significantly inhibits OS cell growth and metastasis in vitro. In vivo experiment also showed that GN dramatically suppressed OS lung metastasis and no side effects were found. GN treatment inhibited OS metastasis through upregulating the ANGPTL4 expression. In addition, GN inhibited the expression of miR-3912-3p, which targets ANGPTL4. Conclusion: Our data clearly indicate that GN is a candidate drug for OS treatment, and GN plays its role through miR-3912-3p/ANGPTL4 in OS.

Quantifying spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation and its differentiation mechanism based on geographical detector.

The influence of factors on vegetation changes in different regions is still largely unknown. We applied the geographic detector, a new spatial statistical method, to study the interactive effects of factors on the spatial patterns of normalised vegetation index (NDVI) changes and determine the optimal characteristics of key impact factors beneficial to vegetation growth. Our results show that from 2000 to 2015, the vegetation cover for the upper reaches of the Minjiang River, western China was in good condition. Furthermore, more than 80% of the areas had NDVI values ranging from 0.6 to 0.8 and NDVI > 0.8, and the spatial-temporal changes of vegetation cover were significant. The vegetation cover changes showed a significant transformation in the regions with NDVI > 0.6. Our study uniquely illustrated that elevation, annual average temperature and soil type can explain vegetation changes quite well. We propose that interactive effects exist among impact factors on vegetation NDVI, and the synergistic effects of the impact factors show mutual and nonlinear enhancements. The interactions among impact factors significantly enhance the impact of a single factor on vegetation changes. The most suitable characteristics of the main impact factors that promote vegetation growth were revealed by this study and will help improve our understanding of factors that impact NDVI and its driving mechanisms. Our findings suggest that the established favourable value range or the most suitable characteristics of impact factors will help management plans to intervene and promote vegetation change for vegetation restoration and alleviate environmental degradation.

Identification of an Immune-Related Gene Signature Associated with Prognosis and Tumor Microenvironment in Esophageal Cancer.

Background: Esophageal cancer (EC) is a common malignant tumor of the digestive system with high mortality and morbidity. Current evidence suggests that immune cells and molecules regulate the initiation and progression of EC. Accordingly, it is necessary to identify immune-related genes (IRGs) affecting the biological behaviors and microenvironmental characteristics of EC. Methods: Bioinformatics methods, including differential expression analysis, Cox regression, and immune infiltration prediction, were conducted using R software to analyze the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort was used to validate the prognostic signature. Patients were stratified into high- and low-risk groups for further analyses, including functional enrichment, immune infiltration, checkpoint relevance, clinicopathological characteristics, and therapeutic sensitivity analyses. Results: A prognostic signature was established based on 21 IRGs (S100A7, S100A7A, LCN1, CR2, STAT4, GAST, ANGPTL5, TRAV39, F2RL2, PGLYRP3, KLRD1, TRIM36, PDGFA, SLPI, PCSK2, APLN, TICAM1, ITPR3, MAPK9, GATA4, and PLAU). Compared with high-risk patients, better overall survival rates and clinicopathological characteristics were found in low-risk patients. The areas under the curve of the two cohorts were 0.885 and 0.718, respectively. Higher proportions of resting CD4+ memory T lymphocytes, M2 macrophages, and resting dendritic cells and lower proportions of follicular helper T lymphocytes, plasma cells, and neutrophils were found in the high-risk tumors. Moreover, the high-risk group showed higher expression of CD44 and TNFSF4, lower expression of PDCD1 and CD40, and higher TIDE scores, suggesting they may respond poorly to immunotherapy. High-risk patients responded better to chemotherapeutic agents such as docetaxel, doxorubicin, and gemcitabine. Furthermore, IRGs associated with tumor progression, including PDGFA, ITPR3, SLPI, TICAM1, and GATA4, were identified. Conclusion: Our immune-related signature yielded reliable value in evaluating the prognosis, microenvironmental characteristics, and therapeutic sensitivity of EC and may help with the precise treatment of this patient population.

Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Renal Thrombotic Microangiopathy in Lupus Nephritis.

INTRODUCTION: LN is an important complication affecting the prognosis of SLE. We retrospectively analysed the influence of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) on LN, identified risk factors of TMA in LN and renal failure in LN-TMA, and evaluated the availability of plasmapheresis. METHODS: After balancing epidemiological characteristics and pathological types between groups, 127 patients (LN-TMA:42, LN:85) were included. After consulting medical records and followup data, we used the corresponding statistical methods, such as chi-squared test and Student's t-test, to compare differences in various aspects and explore the correlation among factors. RESULTS: LN-TMA patients had significantly higher blood urea nitrogen (13.2 mmol/L vs. 7.5 mmol/L, P < .001), systolic and diastolic blood pressures (both P < .01), serum creatinine (157.75 µmol/L vs. 79.00 µmol/L, P < .001), lactic dehydrogenase (P < .05), renal activity index (8.00 vs. 2.00; P < .001), SLE disease activity index score (13.8 ± 3.4 vs. 10.88 ± 6.0; P < .01), and pleurisy (P < .01) and lower haemoglobin (84.4 ± 20.14 vs. 99.38 ± 23.45 g/L, P < .05), platelets (87 vs. 155 ×109/L, P < .001), estimated glomerular filtration rate (39.24 vs. 97.40 mL/min/ 1.73m2, P < .05), and 3- and 5-year renal survival rates (P < .001 and P < .01, respectively) than non- TMA patients. Infection and TMA (P < 0.01) were independent risk factors for LN-TMA and renal failure, respectively. There was no obvious effect of plasmapheresis. CONCLUSION: TMA is an independent risk factor for renal failure in LN. As TMA affects the severity and prognosis of LN, identifying specific diagnostic indicators and effective treatment for LN is necessary.

Prediction of mechanical ventilation greater than 24 hours in critically ill obstetric patients: ten years of data from a tertiary teaching hospital in mainland China.

BACKGROUND: Maternal admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) during pregnancy or in the postpartum period is a marker of severe acute maternal morbidity. Mechanical ventilation is an important and basic method of maintaining life support in the ICU, but prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) is associated with a prolonged length of hospital stay and other adverse outcomes. Therefore, we conducted this retrospective study to describe morbidity and further try to identify the risk factors for PMV in critically ill obstetric women. METHODS: The clinical data were obtained from a single-centre retrospective comparative study of 143 critically ill obstetric patients at a tertiary teaching hospital in mainland China between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2019. PMV was defined as a mechanical ventilation length of more than 24 h. Clinical and obstetric parameters were collected to analyse the risk factors for PMV. Patients were separated into groups with and without PMV. Potential risk factors were identified by univariate testing. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate independent predictors of PMV. RESULTS: Out of 29,236 hospital deliveries, 265 critically ill obstetric patients entered the ICU. One hundred forty-five (54.7%) of them were treated with mechanical ventilation. Two were excluded because of death within 24 h. Sixty-five critically ill obstetric patients (45.5%) underwent PMV. The independent risk factors for PMV included estimated blood loss (odds ratio (OR) =1.296, P=0.029), acute kidney injury (AKI) (OR=4.305, P=0.013), myocardial injury (OR=4.586, P=0.012), and PaO2/FiO2 (OR=0.989, P< 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve based on the predicted probability of the logistic regression was 0.934. CONCLUSIONS: Estimated blood loss, AKI, myocardial injury, and PaO2/FiO2 were independent risk factors for PMV in critically ill obstetric patients.

Design, synthesis, and biological activity of novel semicarbazones as potent Ryanodine receptor1 inhibitors of Alzheimer's disease.

Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are important ligand-gated Ca2+ channels; their excessive activation leads to Ca2+ leakage in the sarcoplasmic reticulum that may cause neurological diseases. In this study, three series of novel potent RyR1 inhibitors based on dantrolene and bearing semicarbazone and imidazolyl moieties were designed and synthesized, and their biological activity was evaluated. Using a single-cell calcium imaging method, the calcium overload inhibitory activities of 26 target compounds were tested in the R614C cell line, using dantrolene as a positive control. The preliminary investigation showed that compound 12a suppressed Ca2+ release as evidenced by store overload-induced Ca2+release (SOICR) (31.5 ± 0.1%, 77.2 ± 0.1%, 93.7 ± 0.2%) at 0.1 µM, 3 µM and 10 µM, respectively. Docking simulation results showed that compound 12a could bind at the active site of the RyR1 protein. The Morris water-maze test showed that compound 12a significantly improved the cognitive behavior of AD-model mice. Further studies on the structural optimization of this series of derivatives are currently underway in our laboratory.

FSC231 can alleviate paclitaxel-induced neuralgia by inhibiting PICK1 and affecting related factors.

AIM: To explore the inhibitory effect of FSC231, a PDZ domain inhibitor of protein interacting with C kinase 1 (PICK1), on paclitaxel induced neuralgia and its possible pathways. METHODS: Forty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10): the control group (CON), the FSC231 group (FSC), the paclitaxel group (PTL) and the FSC231 add paclitaxel group (F + P). Behavioral indictors of mice including the mechanical pain threshold, foot contraction reflex and inhibition rate were evaluated. ELISA, RT-qPCR and Western Blot were performed to determine the expression levels of IL-1ß, IL-10, substance P and PICK1. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the foot contraction reflex time, mechanical pain threshold and IL-10 levels were significantly reduced in the PTL group, and IL-1ß, substance P and PICK1 levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the PTL group, the foot contraction reflex time, mechanical pain threshold and IL-10 level were significantly increased, while IL-1ß, SP and PICK1 levels were significantly decreased in the F + P group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: FSC231 could alleviate paclitaxel-induced neuralgia by inhibiting PICK1 and affecting the secretion of inflammatory factors and substance P. The results of this study provide experimental basis for FSC231 to treat neuralgia caused by chemotherapy.

[Analysis of the Effect of Temperature on the Microbial Flora Structure During the Nitrite Oxidation Process Using 16S rRNA High-throughput Sequencing].

In order to further understand the influence of high temperature shock on the microbial community structure of activated sludge during the process of nitrite oxidation, the enriched nitrifying activated sludge under different NO2--N concentration was taken as the research object in this study. 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the changes in the microbial community abundance and structural characteristics of activated sludge by changing the environmental temperature. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that microorganisms were more likely to grow at 25℃, and the diversity of the microbial community in the activated sludge was the most abundant. With increased temperature, the richness, evenness, and diversity of the flora in the system decreased. In addition, it was found that the main nitrifying bacterium in the system was Nitrospira of Nitrospirae, whereby 35℃ was more suitable for its growth. Meanwhile, a higher temperature also caused differences in the structure of non-nitrifying functional microorganisms (e.g., Bacteroidetes, Chlorofulexi, Halomonas, and Pseudomonas) in the activated sludge. The results of this study provide some theoretical reference for the investigation of the distribution characteristics of microbial flora during the process of nitrite oxidation under high temperature shock, and can also be used as reference for relevant high temperature shock tests.

Endoscopic full-thickness resection to treat active Dieulafoy's disease: A case report.

BACKGROUND: At present, minimally invasive endoscopic treatment is mostly used for patients with actively bleeding Dieulafoy's lesions, , as it has the advantages of minimal trauma, short operation time and good hemostatic effect, although bleeding can easily recur postoperatively. Recently, extensive gastric cuneiform resection has been advocated for use in these patients because the constant-diameter artery follows a long path to the gastric mucosa. CASE SUMMARY: A 47-year-old man was admitted to the hospital for repeated hematemesis and black stool, and he was diagnosed with Dieulafoy's disease. We chose a method that not only simulates surgical gastric cuneiform resection but also reduces trauma. We performed enlarged local endoscopic full-thickness resection of the gastric wall and abdominal constant-diameter artery and sutured the gastric wall. Postoperative follow-up showed that the constant-diameter artery had been resected from the gastric wall, which was confirmed to have no blood flow signals by endoscopic ultrasonography. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic full-thickness resection of the gastric wall and abdominal constant-diameter artery with suturing of the gastric wall has demonstrated potential as a new treatment for Dieulafoy's disease.