Effects of high-intensity training on endurance in basketball players / Efeitos do treinamento de alta intensidade na resistência dos jogadores de basquetebol / Efectos del entrenamiento de alta intensidad en la resistencia de los jugadores de baloncesto

ABSTRACT Introduction: The aerobic endurance training of sports athletes has become the focus of research in institutions and related units. One of the recent proposals is high-intensity interval training to develop athletic aerobic endurance. Objective: Study the effect of high-intensity interval training on aerobic endurance in basketball players. Methods: Fifteen athletes from a university were randomly selected and divided into a high-intensity interval training group, a moderate-intensity continuous training group, and a low-intensity continuous training group, with the control of external influence factors. The indicators analyzed were the average aerobic endurance index of maximal oxygen consumption, average anaerobic capacity, and average maximal power output. The data were obtained before and after the experiment. They were compared and discussed using statistical analysis. Results: The average maximal oxygen consumption in the three training groups increased significantly, and the effect was most evident under the high-intensity intermittent training conditions. This training method could increase the maximal exercise time of the normal groups by up to two times. Conclusion: Intermittent high-intensity training can effectively improve the aerobic endurance of basketball players. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O treinamento da resistência aeróbica dos atletas esportivos tornou-se o foco na pesquisa de instituições e unidades relacionadas. No intuito de desenvolver a resistência aeróbica atlética, uma das propostas recentes é o treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade. Objetivo: Estudar o efeito do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade sobre a resistência aeróbica nos jogadores de basquetebol. Métodos: Foram selecionados aleatoriamente 15 atletas de uma universidade, que foram divididos em um grupo de treinamento de intervalo de alta intensidade, um grupo de treinamento contínuo de intensidade moderada e um grupo de treinamento contínuo de baixa intensidade, com o controle dos fatores de influência externa. Entre os indicadores analisados estão o índice de resistência aeróbica média de consumo máximo de oxigênio, a capacidade anaeróbica média e a potência máxima média. Os dados foram obtidos antes e após o experimento. Foram comparados e discutidos através de análise estatística. Resultados: O consumo máximo médio de oxigênio nos três grupos de treinamento aumentou significativamente, e o efeito foi mais evidente sob as condições de treinamento intermitente de alta intensidade. Este método de treinamento apresentou o potencial de aumentar o tempo máximo de exercício dos grupos normais em até duas vezes. Conclusão: O treinamento intermitente de alta intensidade pode efetivamente melhorar a resistência aeróbica dos jogadores de basquete. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El entrenamiento de la resistencia aeróbica de los atletas deportivos se ha convertido en el centro de la investigación en instituciones y unidades relacionadas. Para desarrollar la resistencia aeróbica atlética, una de las propuestas recientes es el entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad. Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto del entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad sobre la resistencia aeróbica en jugadores de baloncesto. Métodos: Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente quince atletas de una universidad y se dividieron en un grupo de entrenamiento por intervalos de alta intensidad, un grupo de entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada y un grupo de entrenamiento continuo de baja intensidad, con el control de los factores de influencia externos. Entre los indicadores analizados estaban el índice medio de resistencia aeróbica de consumo máximo de oxígeno, la capacidad anaeróbica media y la potencia máxima media. Los datos se obtuvieron antes y después del experimento. Se compararon y discutieron mediante un análisis estadístico. Resultados: El consumo medio máximo de oxígeno en los tres grupos de entrenamiento aumentó significativamente, y el efecto fue más evidente en las condiciones de entrenamiento intermitente de alta intensidad. Este método de entrenamiento presentaba el potencial de aumentar el tiempo máximo de ejercicio de los grupos normales hasta dos veces. Conclusión: El entrenamiento intermitente de alta intensidad puede mejorar eficazmente la resistencia aeróbica de los jugadores de baloncesto. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Melanoma stem cells promote metastasis via exosomal miR-1268a inactivation of autophagy.

BACKGROUND: Metastatic melanoma has a high mortality rate and poor survival. This is associated with efficient metastatic colonization, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Communication between cancer stem cells (CSCs) and cancer cells plays an important role in metastatic dissemination. Whether cancer stem cells can alter the metastatic properties of non-CSC cells; and whether exosomal crosstalk can mediate such interaction, have not been demonstrated in melanoma prior to this report. RESULTS: The results revealed that exosomes secreted by highly metastatic melanoma CSCs (OL-SCs) promoted the invasiveness of the low metastatic melanoma cells (OL) and accelerated metastatic progression. miR-1268a was up-regulated in cells and exosomes of OL-SCs. Moreover, OL-SCs-derived exosomal miR-1268a, upon taking up by OL cells, promoted the metastatic colonization ability of OL cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the pro-metastatic activity of exosomal miR-1268a is achieved through inhibition of autophagy. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that OL cells can acquire the "metastatic ability" from OL-SCs cells. OL-SCs cells achieves this goal by utilizing its exosomes to deliver functional miRNAs, such as miR-1268a, to the targeted OL cells which in turn augments metastatic colonization by inactivating the autophagy pathway in OL cells.

Melanoma stem cells promote metastasis via exosomal miR-1268a inactivation of autophagy

BACKGROUND: Metastatic melanoma has a high mortality rate and poor survival. This is associated with efficient metastatic colonization, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Communication between cancer stem cells (CSCs) and cancer cells plays an important role in metastatic dissemination. Whether cancer stem cells can alter the metastatic properties of non-CSC cells; and whether exosomal crosstalk can mediate such interaction, have not been demonstrated in melanoma prior to this report. RESULTS: The results revealed that exosomes secreted by highly metastatic melanoma CSCs (OL-SCs) promoted the invasiveness of the low metastatic melanoma cells (OL) and accelerated metastatic progression. miR-1268a was up-regulated in cells and exosomes of OL-SCs. Moreover, OL-SCs-derived exosomal miR-1268a, upon taking up by OL cells, promoted the metastatic colonization ability of OL cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the pro-metastatic activity of exosomal miR-1268a is achieved through inhibition of autophagy. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that OL cells can acquire the "metastatic ability" from OL-SCs cells. OL-SCs cells achieves this goal by utilizing its exosomes to deliver functional miRNAs, such as miR-1268a, to the targeted OL cells which in turn augments metastatic colonization by inactivating the autophagy pathway in OL cells.