Novel air-liquid interface culture model to investigate stiffness-dependent behaviors of alveolar epithelial cells.

Pulmonary alveoli are functional units in gas exchange in the lung, and their dysfunctions in lung diseases such as interstitial pneumonia are accompanied by fibrotic changes in structure, elevating the stiffness of extracellular matrix components. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that such changes in alveoli stiffness induce functional alteration of epithelial cell functions, exacerbating lung diseases. For this, we have developed a novel method of culturing alveolar epithelial cells on polyacrylamide gel with different elastic modulus at an air-liquid interface. It was demonstrated that A549 cells on soft gels, mimicking the modulus of a healthy lung, upregulated mRNA expression and protein synthesis of surfactant protein C (SFTPC). By contrast, the cells on stiff gels, mimicking the modulus of the fibrotic lung, exhibited upregulation of SFTPC gene expression but not at the protein level. Cell morphology, as well as cell nucleus volume, were also different between the two types of gels.

Antitubercular Marine Natural Products.

Due to the importance of nature as a source of new drug candidates, the purpose of this article is to emphasize the marine natural products, which exhibit antitubercular activity, published between January 2000 and May 2016, with 138 quotations to 250 compounds obtained from marine resources. These metabolites are organized by chemical constitution and named as simple alkyl lipids derivatives, aromatics derivatives, peptides, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, macrolides, and polycyclic polyketides.