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Background: Ferroptosis is a novel form of regulated cell death that involves in cancer progression. However, the role of ferroptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) remains to be elucidated. The purpose of this paper was to clarify the prognostic value of ferroptosis-related lncRNAs in PTC. Methods: The transcriptome data and clinical information were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The correlation between ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) and lncRNA was determined using Pearson correlation analysis. Multivariate Cox regression model (P < 0.01) was performed to establish a ferroptosis-related lncRNAs risk model. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, risk curve and nomograms were then performed to assess the accuracy and clinical applicability of prognostic models. The correlations between the prognosis model and clinicopathological variables, immune and m6A were analyzed. Finally, in vitro assays were performed to verify the role of LINC00900, LINC01614 and PARAL1 on the proliferation, migration and invasion in TPC-1 and BCPAP cells, as well as the relationship between three lncRNAs and ferroptosis. Results: A five-ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (PARAL1, LINC00900, DPH6-DT, LINC01614, LPP-AS2) risk model was constructed. Based on the risk score, samples were divided into the high- and low-risk groups. Patients in the low-risk group had better prognosis than those in high-risk group. Compared to traditional clinicopathological features, risk score was more accurate in predicting prognosis in patients with PTC. Additionally, the difference of immune cell, function and checkpoints was observed between two groups. Moreover, experiments showed that LINC00900 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion in TPC-1 and BCPAP cells, while LINC01614 and PARAL1 revealed opposite effects, all of which were related to ferroptosis. Conclusions: In summary, we identified a five-ferroptosis-related lncRNAs risk model to predict the prognosis of PTC. Furthermore, our study also revealed that LINC00900 functioned as a tumor suppressor lncRNA, LINC01614 and PARAL1 as an oncogenic lncRNA in PTC.
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The device performance of deep-blue perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) is primarily constrained by low external quantum efficiency (EQE) especially poor operational stability. Herein, we develop a facile strategy to improve deep-blue emission through rational interface engineering. We innovatively reported the novel electron transport material, 4,6-Tris(4-(diphenylphosphoryl)phenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (P-POT2T), and utilized a sequential wet-dry deposition method to form homogenic gradient interface between electron transport layer (ETL) and perovskite surface. Unlike previous reports that achieved carrier injection balance by inserting new interlayers, our strategy not only passivated uncoordinated Pb in the perovskite via P=O functional groups but also reduced interfacial carrier recombination without introducing new interfaces. Additionally, this strategy enhanced the interface contact between the perovskite and ETL, significantly boosting device stability. Consequently, the fabricated deep-blue PeLEDs delivered an external quantum efficiency (EQE) exceeding 5% (@ 460 nm) with an exceptional halftime extended to 31.3 minutes. This straightforward approach offers a new strategy to realize highly efficient especially stable PeLEDs.
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BACKGROUND: Studies have revealed that Children's psychological, behavioral, and emotional problems are easily influenced by the family environment. In recent years, the family structure in China has undergone significant changes, with more families having two or three children. AIM: To explore the relationship between emotional behavior and parental job stress in only preschool and non-only preschool children. METHODS: Children aged 3-6 in kindergartens in four main urban areas of Shijiazhuang were selected by stratified sampling for a questionnaire and divided into only and non-only child groups. Their emotional behaviors and parental pressure were compared. Only and non-only children were paired in a 1:1 ratio by class and age (difference less than or equal to 6 months), and the matched data were compared. The relationship between children's emotional behavior and parents' job stress before and after matching was analyzed. RESULTS: Before matching, the mother's occupation, children's personality characteristics, and children's rearing patterns differed between the groups (P < 0.05). After matching 550 pairs, differences in the children's parenting styles remained. There were significant differences in children's gender and parents' attitudes toward children between the two groups. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores of children in the only child group and the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) scores of parents were significantly lower than those in the non-only child group (P < 0.05). Pearson's correlation analysis showed that after matching, there was a positive correlation between children's parenting style and parents' attitudes toward their children (r = 0.096, P < 0.01), and the PSI-SF score was positively correlated with children's gender, parents' attitudes toward their children, and SDQ scores (r = 0.077, 0.193, 0.172, 0.222). CONCLUSION: Preschool children's emotional behavior and parental pressure were significantly higher in multi-child families. Parental pressure in differently structured families was associated with many factors, and preschool children's emotional behavior was positively correlated with parental pressure.
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Blue perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are crucial avenues for achieving full-color displays and lighting based on perovskite materials. However, the relatively low external quantum efficiency (EQE) has hindered their progression towards commercial applications. Quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) perovskites stand out as promising candidates for blue PeLEDs, with optimized control over low-dimensional phases contributing to enhanced radiative properties of excitons. Herein, the impact of organic molecular dopants on the crystallization of various n-phase structures in quasi-2D perovskite films. The results reveal that the highly reactive bis(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)phosphine oxide (BTF-PPO) molecule could effectively restrain the formation of organic spacer cation-ordered layered perovskite phases through chemical reactions, simultaneously passivate those uncoordinated Pb2+ defects. Consequently, the prepared PeLEDs exhibited a maximum EQE of 16.6 % (@ 490â nm). The finding provides a new route to design dopant molecules for phase modulation in quasi-2D PeLEDs.
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BACKGROUND: Malancao (MLC) is a traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of utilization in treating ulcerative colitis (UC). Nevertheless, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its efficacy remain elusive. This study leveraged ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with exactive mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS), network pharmacology, molecular docking (MD), and gene microarray analysis to discern the bioactive constituents and the potential mechanism of action of MLC in UC management. AIM: To determine the ingredients related to MLC for treatment of UC using multiple databases to obtain potential targets for fishing. METHODS: This research employs UHPLC-QE-MS for the identification of bioactive compounds present in MLC plant samples. Furthermore, the study integrates the identified MLC compound-related targets with publicly available databases to elucidate common drug disease targets. Additionally, the R programming language is utilized to predict the central targets and molecular pathways that MLC may impact in the treatment of UC. Finally, MD are conducted using AutoDock Vina software to assess the affinity of bioactive components to the main targets and confirm their therapeutic potential. RESULTS: Firstly, through a comprehensive analysis of UHPLC-QE-MS data and public database resources, we identified 146 drug-disease cross targets related to 11 bioactive components. The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis highlighted that common disease drug targets are primarily involved in oxidative stress management, lipid metabolism, atherosclerosis, and other processes. They also affect AGE-RAGE and apoptosis signaling pathways. Secondly, by analyzing the differences in diseases, we identified key research targets. These core targets are related to 11 active substances, including active ingredients such as quercetin and luteolin. Finally, MD analysis revealed the stability of compound-protein binding, particularly between JUN-Luteolin, JUN-Quercetin, HSP90AA1-Wogonin, and HSP90AA1-Rhein. Therefore, this suggests that MLC may help alleviate intestinal inflammation in UC, restore abnormal lipid accumulation, and regulate the expression levels of core proteins in the intestine. CONCLUSION: The utilization of MLC has demonstrated notable therapeutic efficacy in the management of UC by means of the compound target interaction pathway. The amalgamation of botanical resources, metabolomics, natural products, MD, and gene chip technology presents a propitious methodology for investigating therapeutic targets of herbal medicines and discerning novel bioactive constituents.
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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are developed rapidly in efficiency and stability in recent years, which can compete with silicon solar cells. However, an important obstacle to the commercialization of PSCs is the toxicity of lead ions (Pb2+) from water-soluble perovskites. The entry of free Pb2+ into organisms can cause severe harm to humans, such as blood lead poisoning, organ failure, etc. Therefore, this work reports a "lead isolation-capture" dual detoxification strategy with calcium disodium edetate (EDTA Na-Ca), which can inhibit lead leakage from PSCs under extreme conditions. More importantly, leaked lead exists in a nontoxic aggregation state chelated by EDTA. For the first time, in vivo experiments are conducted in mice to systematically prove that this material has a significant inhibitory effect on the toxicity of perovskites. In addition, this strategy can further enhance device performance, enabling the optimized devices to achieve an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.19%. This innovative strategy is a major breakthrough in the research on the prevention of lead toxicity in PSCs.
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Enhancing the intrinsic stability of perovskite and through encapsulation to isolate water, oxygen, and UV-induced decomposition are currently common and most effective strategies in perovskite solar cells. Here, the atomic layer deposition process is employed to deposit a nanoscale (≈100 nm), uniform, and dense Al2O3 film on the front side of perovskite devices, effectively isolating them from the erosion caused by water and oxygen in the humid air. Simultaneously, nanoscale (≈100 nm) TiO2 films are also deposited on the glass surface to efficiently filter out the ultraviolet (UV) light in the light source, which induces degradation in perovskite. Ultimately, throughthe collaborative effects of both aspects, the stability of the devices is significantly improved under conditions of humid air and illumination. As a result, after storing the devices in ambient air for 1000 h, the efficiency only declines to 95%, and even after 662 h of UV exposure, the efficiency remains at 88%, far surpassing the performance of comparison devices. These results strongly indicate that the adopted Al2O3 and TiO2 thin films play a significant role in enhancing the stability of perovskite solar cells, demonstrating substantial potential for widespread industrial applications.
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Deep-blue perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) based on quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) systems exist heightened sensitivity to the domain distribution. The top-down crystallization mode will lead to a vertical gradient distribution of quantum well (QW) structure, which is unfavorable for deep-blue emission. Herein, a thermal gradient annealing treatment is proposed to address the polydispersity issue of vertical QWs in quasi-2D perovskites. The formation of large-n domains at the upper interface of the perovskite film can be effectively inhibited by introducing a low-temperature source in the annealing process. Combined with the utilization of NaBr to inhibit the undesirable n=1 domain, a vertically concentrated QW structure is ultimately attained. As a result, the fabricated device delivers a narrow and stable deep-blue emission at 458â nm with an impressive external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 5.82 %. Green and sky-blue PeLEDs with remarkable EQE of 21.83 % and 17.51 % are also successfully achieved, respectively, by using the same strategy. The findings provide a universal strategy across the entire quasi-2D perovskites, paving the way for future practical application of PeLEDs.
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BACKGROUND: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the serious complications of diabetes mellitus, and the existing treatments cannot meet the needs of today's patients. Traditional Chinese medicine has been validated for its efficacy in DKD after many years of clinical application. However, the specific mechanism by which it works is still unclear. Elucidating the molecular mechanism of the Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma-rhubarb drug pair (NRDP) for the treatment of DKD will provide a new way of thinking for the research and development of new drugs. AIM: To investigate the mechanism of the NRDP in DKD by network pharmacology combined with molecular docking, and then verify the initial findings by in vitro experiments. METHODS: The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database was used to screen active ingredient targets of NRDP. Targets for DKD were obtained based on the Genecards, OMIM, and TTD databases. The VENNY 2.1 database was used to obtain DKD and NRDP intersection targets and their Venn diagram, and Cytoscape 3.9.0 was used to build a "drug-component-target-disease" network. The String database was used to construct protein interaction networks. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis and Gene Ontology analysis were performed based on the DAVID database. After selecting the targets and the active ingredients, Autodock software was used to perform molecular docking. In experimental validation using renal tubular epithelial cells (TCMK-1), we used the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay to detect the effect of NRDP on cell viability, with glucose solution used to mimic a hyperglycemic environment. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of STAT3, p-STAT3, BAX, BCL-2, Caspase9, and Caspase3. RESULTS: A total of 10 active ingredients and 85 targets with 111 disease-related signaling pathways were obtained for NRDP. Enrichment analysis of KEGG pathways was performed to determine advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-receptor for AGEs (RAGE) signaling as the core pathway. Molecular docking showed good binding between each active ingredient and its core targets. In vitro experiments showed that NRDP inhibited the viability of TCMK-1 cells, blocked cell cycle progression in the G0/G1 phase, and reduced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. Based on the results of Western blot analysis, NRDP differentially downregulated p-STAT3, BAX, Caspase3, and Caspase9 protein levels (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). In addition, BAX/BCL-2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 ratios were reduced, while BCL-2 and STAT3 protein expression was upregulated (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: NRDP may upregulate BCL-2 and STAT3 protein expression, and downregulate BAX, Caspase3, and Caspase9 protein expression, thus activating the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, inhibiting the vitality of TCMK-1 cells, reducing their apoptosis. and arresting them in the G0/G1 phase to protect them from damage by high glucose.
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The performance of blue perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) lags behind the green and red counterparts owing to high trap density and undesirable red shift of the electroluminescence spectrum under operation conditions. Organic molecular additives were employed as passivators in previous reports. However, most commonly have limited functions, making it challenging to effectively address both efficiency and stability issues simultaneously. Herein, we reported an innovatively dynamic in situ hydrolysis strategy to modulate quasi-2D sky-blue perovskites by the multifunctional passivator phenyl dichlorophosphate that not only passivated the defects but also underwent in situ hydrolysis reaction to stabilize the emission. Moreover, hydrolysis products were beneficial for low-dimensional phase manipulation. Eventually, we obtained high-performance sky-blue PeLEDs with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 16.32% and an exceptional luminance of 5740 cd m-2. More importantly, the emission peak of devices located at 485 nm remained stable under different biases. Our work signified the significant advancement toward realizing future applications of PeLEDs.
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Oxygen is difficult to be physically removed. Oxygen will be excited by light to form free radicals which further attack the lattice of perovskite. The stabilization of α-FAPbI3 against δ-FAPbI3 is the key to optimize perovskite solar cells. Herein, the simple molecule, benzaldehyde (BAH) is adopted. The photochemical shield will be established in perovskite layer. Moreover, heterogeneous nucleation induced by BAH enhances the crystallization of α-FAPbI3. Consequently, the stability of device is improved significantly. The target device maintains 95% of original power conversion efficiency after 1500 h under air conditions and light-emitting diode light. The power conversion efficiency increases from 23.21% of pristine device to 24.82% of target device.
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The interaction between sites A, B and X with passivation molecules is restricted when the conventional passivation strategy is applied in perovskite (ABX3) photovoltaics. Fortunately, the revolving A-site presents an opportunity to strengthen this interaction by utilizing an external field. Herein, we propose a novel approach to achieving an ordered magnetic dipole moment, which is regulated by a magnetic field via the coupling effect between the chiral passivation molecule and the A-site (formamidine ion) in perovskites. This strategy can increase the molecular interaction energy by approximately four times and ensure a well-ordered molecular arrangement. The quality of the deposited perovskite film is significantly optimized with inhibited nonradiative recombination. It manages to reduce the open-circuit voltage loss of photovoltaic devices to 360 mV and increase the power conversion efficiency to 25.22%. This finding provides a new insight into the exploration of A-sites in perovskites and offers a novel route to improving the device performance of perovskite photovoltaics.
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Buried interface modification can effectively improve the compatibility between interfaces. Given the distinct interface selections in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the applicability of a singular modification material remains limited. Consequently, in response to this challenge, we devised a tailored molecular strategy based on the electronic effects of specific functional groups. Therefore, we prepared three distinct silane coupling agents, and due to the varying inductive effects of these functional groups, the electronic distribution and molecular dipole moments of the coupling agents are correspondingly altered. Among them, trimethoxy (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-silane (F3 -TMOS), which possesses electron-withdrawing groups, generates a molecular dipole moment directed toward the hole transport layer (HTL). This approach changes the work function of the HTL, optimizes the energy level alignment, reduces the open-circuit voltage loss, and facilitates carrier transport. Furthermore, through the buffering effect of the coupling agent, the interface strain and lattice distortion caused by annealing the perovskite are reduced, enhancing the stability of the tin-based perovskite. Encouragingly, tin PSCs treated with F3 -TMOS achieved a champion efficiency of 14.67 %. This strategy provides an expedient avenue for the design of buried interface modification materials, enabling precise molecular adjustments in accordance with distinct interfacial contexts to ameliorate mismatched energetics and enhance carrier dynamics.
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Antimony (Sb) is a toxic substance that poses a serious ecological threat when released into the environment. The species and redox state of Sb determine its environmental toxicity and fate. Understanding the redox transformations and biogeochemical cycling of Sb is crucial for analyzing and predicting its environmental behavior. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the environment greatly affects the fate of Sb. Microbially produced DOM is a vital component of environmental DOM; however, its specific role in Sb(III) oxidation has not been experimentally confirmed. In this work, the oxidation capacity of several Shewanella strains and their derived DOM to Sb(III) was confirmed. The oxidation rate of Sb(III) shows a positive correlation with DOM concentration, with higher rates observed under neutral and weak alkaline conditions, regardless of the presence of light. Incubation experiments indicated that extracellular enzymes and common reactive oxygen species were not involved in the oxidation of Sb(III). Characteristics of DOM suggests that microbial humic acid-like and fulvic acid-like substances are the potential contributors to Sb(III) oxidation. These findings not only experimentally validate the role of bacterial-derived DOM in Sb(III) oxidation but also reveal the significance of Shewanella and biogenic DOM in the biogeochemical cycling of Sb.
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Shewanella , Oxirredução , Substâncias Húmicas/análise , Antimônio/química , Matéria Orgânica DissolvidaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Graves' hyperthyroidism (GH) is often accompanied by mild to moderate liver injury, but severe hepatic dysfunction (SHD) is relatively rare. Whether patients with GH-related SHD can be treated with methimazole (MMI) remains controversial. This study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics and to evaluate the role of low-dose MMI for such patients. METHODS: 33 patients with GH-related SHD were selected for this retrospective study in the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2017 to July 2022. The clinical manifestations, therapeutic responses, and effectiveness of MMI were evaluated. RESULTS: Systemic jaundice (100.0%), yellow urine (100.0%), fatigue (87.9%), and goiter (66.7%) were the main symptoms. Total bilirubin (TBIL) had no linear correlation with free triiodothyronine (FT3) (r = -0.023, p = .899), free thyroxine (FT4) (r = 0.111, p = .540), T3 (r = -0.144, p = .425), and T4 (r = 0.037, p = .837). On the 14th day after admission, FT3, FT4, T3, T4, TBIL, direct bilirubin (DBIL), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and international normalized ratio (INR) decreased compared with the baseline (p < .05). The decrease rates of FT3, FT4, T3, T4, TBIL, and DBIL in the MMI group were higher than those in the non-MMI group (p < .05). The improvement rate of the MMI group (77.8%) was higher than that of the non-MMI group (9.5%, p = .001). MMI treatment is an independent predictor affecting the early improvement of patients (OR = 0.022, p = .010). CONCLUSIONS: The main clinical manifestations of patients with GH-related SHD were symptoms related to liver disease. Low-dose MMI was safe and effective for them.
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Doença de Graves , Hipertireoidismo , Hepatopatias , Humanos , Metimazol/uso terapêutico , Antitireóideos/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Doença de Graves/complicações , Doença de Graves/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Graves/induzido quimicamente , Tiroxina/uso terapêutico , Hipertireoidismo/complicações , Hipertireoidismo/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertireoidismo/induzido quimicamente , Hepatopatias/complicações , BilirrubinaRESUMO
Metal halide perovskites are ideal candidates for indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) because of their easy-to-adjust bandgaps, which can be designed to cover the spectrum of any artificial light source. However, the serious non-radiative carrier recombination under low light illumination restrains the application of perovskite-based IPVs (PIPVs). Herein, polar molecules of amino naphthalene sulfonates are employed to functionalize the TiO2 substrate, anchoring the CsPbI3 perovskite crystal grains with a strong ion-dipole interaction between the molecule-level polar interlayer and the ionic perovskite film. The resulting high-quality CsPbI3 films with the merit of defect-immunity and large shunt resistance under low light conditions enable the corresponding PIPVs with an indoor power conversion efficiency of up to 41.2% (Pin : 334.11 µW cm-2 , Pout : 137.66 µW cm-2 ) under illumination from a commonly used indoor light-emitting diode light source (2956 K, 1062 lux). Furthermore, the device also achieves efficiencies of 29.45% (Pout : 9.80 µW cm-2 ) and 32.54% (Pout : 54.34 µW cm-2 ) at 106 (Pin : 33.84 µW cm-2 ) and 522 lux (Pin : 168.21 µW cm-2 ), respectively.
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Achieving efficient blue electroluminescence (EL) remains the fundamental challenge that impedes perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) towards commercial applications. The bottleneck accounting for the inefficient blue PeLEDs is broadly attributed to the poor-emissive blue perovskite emitters based on either mixed halide engineering or reduced-dimensional strategy. Herein, we report the high-performing sky-blue PeLEDs (490â nm) with the maximum EQE exceeding 15 % by incorporating a molecular modifier, namely 4,4'-Difluorophenone, for significantly suppressing the non-radiative recombination and tuning of the low-dimensional phase distribution of quasi-2D blue perovskites, which represents a remarkable paradigm for developing the new generation of blue lighting sources.
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The generation of photoinduced defects and freely moving halogen ions is dynamically updated in real time. Accordingly, most reported strategies are static and short-term, which make their improvements in photostability very limited. Therefore, seeking new passivation strategies to match the dynamic characteristics of defect generation is very urgent. Without newly generated defects, a passivation molecule should exist in the configuration that would not become the initiation sites for defect generation. With newly generated defects, the passivation molecule should transfer into the other configuration that possesses the passivation sites. Herein, a classical photoisomeric molecule, spiropyran, is adopted, whose pre- and post-isomeric forms meet the requirements for two different configurations, to realize the state transition once the photoinduced defects appear during subsequent operation and dynamic capture for continuous renewal of defects. Consequently, spiropyrans work as light-triggered and self-healing sustainable passivation sites to realize continuous defect repair. The target devices retain 93% and 99% of their initial power conversion efficiencies after 456 h aging under ultraviolet illumination and 1200 h aging under full-spectrum illumination, respectively. This work provides a novel concept of sustainable passivation strategy to realize continuous defect-passivation and film-healing in perovskite photovoltaics.